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Worksheets3rd 9 weeks test review
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 2hrs 20mins
Genetic testing for susceptibility to hereditary disease is a new arena of medicine, but it is likely to affect increasing numbers of people and families as more genes are identified. Which three of the following phrases describe ethical considerations in genetic testing?
ensuring there is a large density of DNA fragments tested
allowing people or families to make informed, noncoerced decisions
making sure to genotype a wide range of individuals
causing no physical, emotional, or mental harm
respecting a person's or family's right to privacy
Some traits (non-Mendelian) follow different types of inheritance patterns. These traits are influenced by a variety of genotypes and some create new varieties of phenotypes. Which of the following is an example of a non-Mendelian trait in humans?
cleft chin
blood type
cheek dimples
face freckles
What does "Sporulation" and "Budding" have to do with?
asexual reproduction
sexual reproduction
Which answer choice best describes ASEXUAL reproduction?
Two parent cells replicate their RNA and create new cells after crossing over has occurred.
A parent cell replicates its DNA and creates new cells without combining genetic material from another source.
After a cell replicates its DNA, genetic material from another replicated cell’s DNA is combined into new cells/offspring.
One cell replicates its DNA and creates new cells (after sporulation) that are genetically different than that of the parent cell.
ATP and ADP are cycled within a cell as a means of energy transfer. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that ATP and ADP share?
contains three phosphate groups
energy molecule that drives cellular functions
contains adenine
has ribose sugar
Which of the following macromolecules does NOT have the correct association?
lipid – built from fatty acids and provides long-term energy storage
carbohydrate – a sugar or polymer of sugars that provides short-term energy storage
nucleic acid – stores and transmits genetic information
protein – the least common molecule found in cells
According to the pedigree chart, which shows an Autosomal Dominant disorder, which family member might have the genotype Bb?
Individual II-3
Individual II-6
Individual III-2
The use of fossil fuels is one major contributor of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The amount of carbon in the atmosphere has increased since 1960. Given the data above, what is the approximate mean difference in carbon dioxide concentrations (ppm) from 1980 to 2000?
30
60
90
120
The relationship between a bee and a flower is considered.... ?
mutualism
predator-prey
commensalism
parasitism
Which of the following phrases describes a characteristic of the Calvin Cycle?
requires solar energy
requires ATP to move hydrogen ions across the membrane
reassembles atoms from CO2 and NADPH to create glucose
takes place in the thylakoid of the chloroplast
The process of cellular reproduction, known as mitosis, is often related to the asexual reproduction of simple organisms because of their many similarities. Most notable among those similarities is that both mitosis and asexual reproduction result in offspring with which of the following characteristics?
offspring with DNA similar to the parent
offspring with DNA different than the parent
offspring with a recombination of the parent's DNA
offspring with identical DNA as the parent
Which of the following sentences explains the earliest stage of PRIMARY ecological succession?
Grasses with windblown seeds would begin growing among rocks.
Lichens and weathering would begin breaking down rocks and building soil.
Larger shrubs and trees would block the sun and use water needed by the smaller plants.
Leaves from deciduous trees and other decaying matter in the environment would make the soil rich in nutrients.
Trae and Zya are studying cells in their biology class. The girls observe that one cell, Cell A, has circular DNA and a flagellum. Another cell, Cell B, contains a nucleus, a cell membrane, and defined mitochondria, but not a cell wall. Which three of the following statements are correct?
Cell A is likely a virus and its host.
Cell A is a prokaryotic cell.
Cell B is an eukaryotic cell.
Cell B has the characteristics found in all plant cells.
Cell B is an animal cell.
Examine the food chain below.
If the primary producer level stored 20,000 kcal/m2/yr, select the consumer level that would receive approximately 20 kcal/m2/yr.
Flower--> Caterpillar--> Frog--> Snake--> Owl
flower
caterpillar
frog
snake
owl
Which of these answer choices has to do specifically with the WATER CYCLE and NOT the phosphorus cycle- that's pictured
increased surface water evaporation
l
low concentrations of dissolved oxygen
algae blooms that produce algal toxins
excess algae grown in downstream water bodies
Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes used to break down polymers?
Another way to say this question is "Which organelle contains ENZYMES that BREAK DOWN things?"
lysosome
Golgi apparatus
mitochondrion
chloroplast
A key axiom of the theory of natural selection is that all species evolve over time. Which of the following statements would best support this claim?
Favorable variations are not inherited, rather they will be gained during an organism's lifetime.
Favorable variations will be found in most individuals of a population after several generations.
Unfavorable variations will remain constant over long periods of time.
Most favorable variations will occur in the first or second generation.
Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transportation?
simple diffusion
e
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
endocytosis
Which cirucle represents an unstable equilibrium as the population is fluctuating in terms of the ecosystem’s carrying capacity.
1
2
3
4
5
What caused the chromosomal abnormality shown above or ANY CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITY?
nondisjunction during meiosis
crossing over during meiosis
nondisjunction during mitosis
crossing over during mitosis
Population Ecology Question:
Which point on the graph shows the POPULATION reaching and exceeding the carrying capacity?
1
2
3
4
5
Get your calculators ready: (This is a dihybrid cross question... the one you have to do TWO punnet squares and multiply the two fractions together!)
Given that the F1 generation are all heterozygous round, yellow pea plants (RrYy), what is the probability that two heterozygous parents will have offspring with a green round phenotype?
This is the two punnett squares that you multiply the outcomes together.
p = 0.0625
p = 0.1875
p = 0.375
p = 0.625
Which type of reproductive isolation is characterized by species breeding at different times of the day, season, or year, so they cannot mix their gametes, and they have no chance of reproductive contact?
geographic isolation
temporal isolation
behavioral isolation
physiological isolation
In cell division, cytokinesis is the final stage for a eukaryotic cell. What process occurs during this stage?
Otherwise asking, which answer choice has ANYTHING to do with CYTOKINESIS??????
A cytoplasmic division occurs, resulting in the irreversible separation of two daughter cells.
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, and spindle fibers pull them apart.
A new nuclear envelope is synthesized, which forms a barrier around the chromatin.
Asymmetric cytoplasmic division leads to daughter cells containing identical amounts of genetic material.
Which of the following phrases represents a characteristic of BOTH active and passive transport?
Which one of these do they have in common????
utilizes osmosis
requires ATP
uses diffusion
maintains homeostasis
Although prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are different in many ways, they also have a few similarities. Which of the following pairs of structures are found in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Ya'll. ALL CELLS HAVE D.R. C.C.
a nucleus and organelles
centrioles and circular DNA
a capsule and cytoskeleton
ribosomes and cytoplasm
Cancer develops when cells do not progress through the cell cycle correctly. Mutations can occur within the DNA of cells, resulting in uncontrolled cell division. Why are cancer cells able to divide more quickly than non-cancerous cells?
*Think, what is cancer?
They eliminate the interphase stage, which leads to accelerated growth.
What does the cell do in Interphase? If you emliminate it, will it be able to grow?
They do not require growth factors, while ignoring the body's signals to stop dividing.
If you ignore the signal to stop, what do you do?
The do not require either G1 or G2 phases.
What happens in these?
They use meiosis, which results in a larger numbers of daughter cells.
Does meiosis have anything to do with cancer?
An unknown microbe is being studied by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data suggest the microbe has DNA, uses energy, and responds to external stimuli; however, it appears to be disease-causing. The NIH's study suggests that the microbe should be classified as ___________ because it _____________.
non-living; meets the criteria for a non-living entity
living; meets the single criteria of disease-causing bacteria
non-living; is a disease-causing bacteria
living; meets the criteria for living organisms
Which two of the following examples represent non-Mendelian inheritance patterns?
Think which one is NOT a regular punnett square?
having two identical alleles for a gene
all offspring in the F1 generation having the same phenotype
color-blindness affecting more males than females
sex-linked traits relating to the X chromosome
purple flower color being dominant over white flower color
Temperature and pH levels often influence enzymes. If an enzyme denatures at a specific temperature and/or pH threshold, which of the following sentences is true about the enzyme?
Think: What does DENATURE mean?????
It decomposed and disappears.
It is no longer functional.
It is now attached to the substrate.
It accelerates in breaking down the substrate.
A softball coach was conducting her team’s practice during a hot and humid afternoon. The coach noticed that several of her players reported having leg cramps, even though the girls had maintained good hydration during the practice. The coach determined that the leg cramps were a result of _____________ respiration as ____________ is produced during oxygen deficit.
Think: which one makes you have cramps? Build up of...... because you've run out of.....
anaerobic, the pyruvate is broken down and water
aerobic; a high ATP level
anaerobic; lactic acid
aerobic; carbon dioxide
What macromolecule is this?
carbohydrate
lipid
protein
nucleic acid
What's the function of DNA?
provides structural components for the cell
provides short-term energy for the cell
stores long-term energy for the cell
stores/transmits genetic information
What is the definition of an ENZYME? As in, what does it DO?
Enzymes reduce the activation energy needed to start a reaction
increase the released energy caused by the enzyme
impacts the increased reactants and the subsequent changes in products
increases the amount of energy supplied once the enzyme is introduced into the reaction
According to the National Institutes of Health, "One of the most direct ways to find out what a gene does is to see what happens to the organism when that gene is missing." Scientists study mutations to understand gene function.
Which of the following ideas would be a simplified method to isolate a gene's role?
*Think: How are YOU going to know what the gene looks like?
identify DNA; determine chromosonal trait; explore phenotype
identify genotype; determine mRNA; determine ribosome functioning
identify phenotype; determine genotype; explore gene function within a DNA sequence
identify DNA; determine RNA; explore similar genes on the same chromosome
Which of the following BEST supports a position that the "Zombie" virus is a nonliving entity?
*Think: Characteristics of life
The "Zombie" virus spreads to people through contact with the blood, body fluids, and tissues of animals.
The "Zombie" virus disease can be contracted by humans, primates, and other animals.
The "Zombie" virus has only genetic material surrounded by a protein coat.
The "Zombie" virus can be transmitted through direct contact with blood and body fluids.
Given Mendel's Law of Dominance, if a heterozygous round pea is crossed with a homozygous round pea, what is the probability of the offspring's phenotype being a wrinkled seed?
0
25
50
100
Which statement is correct regarding the bone structures shown above?
What are these called?
The image depicts analogous structures.
These structures suggest that the organisms evolved to survive in similar habitats.
The anatomical structures suggest the organisms do not share a common ancestor.
The image depicts homologous structures.
When does crossing over happen?
prophase in mitosis
prophase I in meiosis
Metaphase I in meiosis
metaphase in mitosis
s phase of interphase
What level of organization are capillaries, veins, and the heart?
organ
organ system
tissue
cell
What level of organization is a leukocyte?
*Think: What does the suffix -cyte mean??????
cell
tissue
organ
organism
What level of organization is a neuron?
cell
organ
tissue
organ system
A cell is impacted by the concentration of solute particles in the surrounding environment. If the solute concentration shown above increases to such a degree as to cause an imbalance across the cell membrane, which of the following sentences is correct?
The cell will expand and swell.
Water will move into the cell via osmosis.
The solution becomes hypertonic.
The solution changes from isotonic to hypotonic.
Which of the following statements is supported by the above data?
CO2 fossil fuel emissions in Canada have increased about 1% per year from 2004 to 2013.
The United States is responsible for a significant majority of total fossil fuel emissions in North America.
As of 2013, North America has contributed approximately 34% of total global emissions from fossil fuels, an increase from 24% in 2000.
Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels in Canada and Mexico have slowly increased since 1960 and now represent 16% of total fossil fuel emission globally.
The following mRNA strand is used to form a chain of amino acids:
AUGCUUGCGGGA
If a mutation adds CAU between the 3rd and 4th codons, identify the new amino acid chain?
Isoleucine–Methionine–Aspartic Acid–Glutamine–Histidine
Leucine–Proline–Glycine–Arginine–Histidine–Glutamine
Valine–Glutamine–Glycine–Leucine–Arginine–Histidine
Methionine–Leucine–Alanine–Histidine–Glycine
Which of the following sentences best reflects why viruses must use living cells to reproduce?
During reproduction, the viral DNA is transcribed in the capsid.
After injecting its DNA or RNA into a host, a virus's cellular functions become activated and begin working together with the cellular functions of the host.
Before they reproduce, viruses can remain dormant for long periods of time.
Outside of the host cell, viruses are simply bits of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat without the machinery to reproduce.
Which of the following sentences accurately represents the transformation of energy shown in the model above?
Energy from the sun is absorbed and used to join ADP with an electron to form ATP.
Energy from the sun is absorbed and used to join ADP and phosphate to form glucose.
Energy from the sun is absorbed and used to create ATP out of ADP for carbon fixation.
Energy from the sun is absorbed and used to create ADP out of ATP and phosphate for respiration.
Which of the following is NOT a tenet of cell theory?
Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Living and non-living things are composed of cells.
All organisms are composed of cells.
Cells are the most basic unit of organization and structure for organisms.
The endosymbiotic theory explains ____________ evolution.
chemical
biological
macromolecule
biogeochemical
The endosymbiotic theory explains chemical evolution. This theory hypothesizes that the first building blocks of life were created when _________ substrates were converted into _________ molecules.
organic----- inorganic
inorganic-----organic
Certain frogs produce tadpoles that die before sexual maturity.
This is an example of.....
*THINK- is this BEFORE the egg & sperm are joined together to form a zygote or AFTER?
pre-zygotic mechanisms
post-zygotic mechanisms
Some bird species only respond to very specific mating calls.
This is an example of.....
*THINK- is this BEFORE the egg & sperm are joined together to form a zygote or AFTER?
pre-zygotic mechanisms
post-zygotic mechanisms
Lions and tigers live in the same areas but not in the same habitats.
This is an example of.....
*THINK- is this BEFORE the egg & sperm are joined together to form a zygote or AFTER?
pre-zygotic
post-zygotic
The offspring of hybrid copepods (small crustaceans) have significantly reduced chances of reproducing.
This is an example of.....
*THINK- is this BEFORE the egg & sperm are joined together to form a zygote or AFTER?
pre-zygotic mechanism
post-zygotic mechanism
The offspring of hybrid copepods (small crustaceans) have significantly reduced chances of reproducing.
This is an example of.....
*THINK- is this BEFORE the egg & sperm are joined together to form a zygote or AFTER?
pre-zygotic mechanisms
post-zygotic mechanisms
Breeding a horse and a donkey produces a mule, and mules are sterile.
This is an example of.....
*THINK- is this BEFORE the egg & sperm are joined together to form a zygote or AFTER?
pre-zygotic mechanisms
post-zygotic mechanisms
Which of the following best describes the citric acid cycle?
*Think: Is the citric acid cycle at the beginning or end? Lots of ATP or a little???
The process that breaks down glucose without the presence of oxygen, which produces a net of 4 ATP.
The process that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, which produces between 32 and 34 ATP.
The process that occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion, which produces 2 ATP by substrate phosphorylation.
The process that occurs in the membranes of the mitochondrion, which produces a net of 30 ATP.
Are northern pike competing for food in Lake Superior an example of
density- dependent factor
density- independent factor
Are the walleye preying on yellow perch in Lake Lincoln an example of...
density-dependent factor
density-independent factor
Are lampreys attaching themselves to white perch and feeding off the perch's bodily fluids an example of.....
density-dependent factor
density-independent factor
Is Lake Superior's varying depths and temperatures an example of...
density-dependent factor
density-independent factor
Is Lake Huron's water levels fell by two inches because of a seasonal drought an example of....
density-dependent factor
density-independent factor
Two species of frogs occupy the same habitat and reproduce at different times.
This is an example of.....
*THINK- is this BEFORE the egg & sperm are joined together to form a zygote or AFTER?
pre-zygotic mechanism
post-zygotic mechanism
Which molecule carries the protein code from the nucleus to the ribosome?
tRNA
rRNA
mRNA
DNA
What level of organization is a Hydra?
cell
organ
tissue
organism
What is a benefit of meiosis?
All cells are created from a single parent cell.
Newly created cells promote genetic diversity.
100% of the newly created cells are identical to their parents.
Newly created cells are produced quickly resulting in numerous offspring.
Which of the following word pairs shows a body structure assigned to the correct organizational level within an organism?
leukocyte – tissue
nerve – organ
stomach – system
neuron – cell
Human and environmental factors contribute to genetic variation. Which of the following are mostly environmental factors leading to adaptations and differential success?
Plant species reduction from over-harvesting.
Habitat destruction due to "clear cutting" of the rainforest.
Birds' beak shape due to food type and supply.
Insect non-resistance when exposed to a new insecticide.
Within the biological levels of organization, which level contains fewer individuals than the population level?
community
biosphere
organism
ecosystem
The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis is called ________. It produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.
crossing over
point mutation
frameshift mutation
nondisjunction
