Difficult or labored breathing; shortness of breath

Patient presents with symptoms of pulmonary edema, including paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), orthopnea, and cough.

Patient presents with symptoms of peripheral edema, including jugular neck vein distension (JND), swelling in feet, and hepatomegaly.

Which symptom is indicative of left-ventricular heart failure?

Which symptom is indicative of right-ventricular heart failure?

Which signs/symptoms are indicative of myocardial infarction?
(select ALL correct answers)

Rhonchi and wheezing upon auscultation

Increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the chest wall resembling the shape of a barrel (barrel chest)

Absence of breath sounds during auscultation

Urticaria, nasal and conjunctival discharge, bronchial asthma, and allergic gastroenteritis

Which is a classic sign/symptom of a type I hypersensitivity?

Red "butterfly" rash across the cheeks and nose.

Sore throat, fever, trouble swallowing, shortness of breath, abdominal pain.
Reed-Sternberg cells are present upon biopsy.

3 year old patient presents with frequent infections, diarrhea, and fatigue.
Which white blood cell cancer is most likely?

Shock (severe hypotension), confusion, tachycardia, and scant or no urine output.

Petechiae and bleeding from gums.

Most common anemia worldwide

Patient presents with pallor, fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, and has desire to eat non-food items (pica).

Usual signs and symptoms of anemia include (select ALL that apply)

Vaso-occlusive crisis including severe pain in multiple sites due to tissue hypoxia in various body organs

Signs and symptoms include lethargy, cognitive impairment, and characteristic “cherry red spot” on the retina.
Genetic disorder that usually results in death before the age of 3.

Genetic condition that causes chronic cough, upper respiratory infections, and GI disturbances.

Genetic disorder with signs and symptoms that include lack of control of movements (chorea), cognitive decline, depression, and dementia.

Initially presents with "lockjaw" and then generalized muscle spasms with uncontrollable, rigid arching of the back may occur.

Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in a biopsy sample

Which infectious disease is characterized by painful muscle stiffness and muscle spasms?

Muscle paralysis is a characteristic sign of which infectious disease?

Signs and symptoms of this genetic disorder include tremors and involuntary movements that become worse over time, and eventually progress to behavioral changes.

The signs and symptoms of this genetic disorder include progressive deterioration of mental and physical ability in newborns. Life expectancy is 3-5 years of age.

Select all of the diseases that are most commonly caused by bacterial infections

Genetic disorder characterized by increased mucus production in the lungs, which restricts airways and increases risk of respiratory infections.

Increase in white blood cell count; can be as a result of inflammation.

What kind(s) of cellular adaptations increase the risk of cancer? Select ALL correct answers.

Phase of acute inflammation where inflammatory mediators cause blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable.

Phase of acute inflammation where chemical signals attract platelets and other white blood cells to the site of injury

Phase of acute inflammation involving whole-body symptoms, such as fever, pain, and swollen lymph nodes.

A labratory-produced image that is used to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities.

This cellular adaptation often occurs in response to repeated environmental stressors, such as toxins.

Cellular adaptation in response to decreased metabolic demand, for example because of prolonged bed rest.

Biopsy finds presences of abnormal cells called Reed-Sternberg cells

Cancer caused by proliferation of precursor B cells, that do not differentiate into mature B cells.

Patients are often asymptomatic at the time of presentation.

Aggressive cancer caused by proliferation of stem cell precursors of T or B cells.

More common in children than adults.

Characteristic sign of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A patient presents with a butterfly rash across the bridge of nose and cheeks, fever, joint pain, and fatigue. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent respiratory infections suchs as bronchitis, sinusitis, and/or pneumonia.

A 6-week-old infant presents with a history of many different kinds of infections and failure to thrive.

Select ALL of the signs/symptoms that are common for all types of anemia

A substantial decrease in blood volume, such as after traumatic injury, is most likely to cause what kind of anemia?

A patient has anemia with extremely low blood pressure. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Signs and symptoms of this type of anemia can include hair loss, ice eating, cheilitis (red, chapped corners of the mouth), glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), and spoon-shaped nails

This sign can be indicitive of hemolytic anemia

Which is an example of a hemolytic anemia?

Sudden onset of petechiae and purpura, usually following a viral infection.

A patient presents with dyspnea, extreme anxiety, diaphoresis, and radiating chest pain. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Necrotic death of tissue due to inadequate blood supply

Select all of the signs/symptoms that are indicitive of myocardial infarction

Absence of breath sounds on ausculation is a sign of...

Signs and symptoms include localized lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes), wheezing, and persistant cough with clear, yellow, or green sputum.

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal space

Elevated levels of Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) in the blood.

Chest pain that worsens with excercise, but is relieved by rest and mediacations.

What are the three components of Virchow's triad?

Patients are prescribed anticoagulants after orthopedic surgery to avoid this potential complication.

Crackles in the lungs upon auscultation are most indicative of what disease or disorder involving the heart?

Signs or symptoms of heart failure due to increased hydrostatic pressure and edema

Twisted, enlarged veins at the skin's surface

What are the lab assays PT (prothrombin time) and aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) used to assess?

What disorder could be treated with oral ferrous sulfate?