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WorksheetsUnit 2 Exam Review
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 40mins
In nuclear division, cells begin as ____________.
Haploid Cells
Sister Chromatids
Homologous Chromosomes
Diploid Cells
This process produces four genetically unique haploid cells from one parent diploid cell.
Nuclear Division
Asexual Reproduction
Meiosis
Mitosis
This phase is also known as reduction division.
Mitosis
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Mitosis I
Meiosis occurs in __________.
Eukaryotic Cells
Gametes
Diploid Cells
Somatic Cells
This process produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell.
Meiosis
Mitosis
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
What phase does the cell in the center of the image represent?
Plant Cell Anaphase
Plant Cell Telophase
Animal Cell Anaphase
Animal Cell Telophase
Nuclear and cellular division, including mitosis and cytokinesis.
S Phase
Telophase
Interphase
M Phase
Unit of DNA containing hundreds of thousands of genes, densely packed, highly organized, unusable.
Chromatin
Chromosome
Sister Chromatids
Tetrad
Two identical copies of the same chromosome, formed by DNA replication, connected by a centromere
Homologous Chromosomes
Tetrad
Centrosomes
Sister Chromatids
A star-shaped cellular structure, consisting of a centrosome and its associated microtubules, seen during the early stages of prophase in animal cells.
Aster
Centromere
Mitotic Spindle
Nuclear Membrane
A female reproduces sexually or asexually, depending on environmental conditions, creates more opportunities to reproduce, rare.
Mitosis
Facultative Parthenogenesis
Obligate Parthenogenesis
Meiosis
Organizational proteins, loose, usable DNA located within the nucleus.
Chromatid
Chromatin
Chromosome
Nucleolus
A region of DNA that holds together (or pushes apart) two chromatids during mitosis and meiosis.
Mitotic Spindle
Centromere
Centrosome
Chromatin
A diploid cell, the product of one sperm and egg, that contains all the genetic information necessary to form a new individual.
Gamete
Zygote
Heterotroph
Eukaryote
DNA in the nucleus is replicated.
D
C
B
A
Nuclear and Cellular Division.
D
G
E
F
Growth.
A
C
B
E
Corrects errors and prepares to divide.
F
D
C
A
Where a cell spends 90% of it's life.
M Phase
Interphase
S Phase
Prophase
Centromeres bind sister chromatids and attach to spindle fibers.
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Prometaphase
Telophase
Nuclear membrane begins to break down. Asters appear as mitotic spindle emerges from centrosomes. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
Interphase
Prometaphase
Telophase
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Sister chromatids are pulled apart.
Anaphase
Telophase
Metaphase
Prometaphase
Prophase
What phase does the cell at the center of the image represent?
Animal Cell Anaphase
Plant Cell Prophase
Animal Cell Metaphase
Plant Cell Metaphase
The difference between plant and animal cytokinesis?
Plant cells pinch, causing a cleavage furrow.
Animal Cells pinch, causing a cleavage furrow.
Plant cells build a cell wall between cells.
Animal cells build a cell wall between cells.
There is no difference.
When do homologous chromosomes actively swim to their counterpart before “crossing over”?
Prophase
Prometaphase
Prophase I
Anaphase I
What is unique about Metaphase I?
Sister chromatids line up on the center plate and exchange segments
Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart. "Independent Assortment."
Homologous chromosomes actively swim to their counterpart.
Tetrads line up on the middle plate.
What are the many factors that contribute to genetic variation?
Random Fertilization
Homologous Chromosomes
Independent Assortment
Crossing Over
DNA Transcription
What is our species chromosome number?
46
48
96
23
24
What makes up the mitotic spindle?
Centromeres
Centrosomes
Chromatin
Chromosomes
What cellular growth factor does a tumor disobey?
Anchorage Dependency
Metastasis
Malignant
Density-Dependent Inhibition
All of the above
What growth factor does Stage 4 Metastasis disobey?
Anchorage Dependency
Density-Dependent Inhibition
Programmed Cell Death
Anchorage-Density Dependence
If you lived to be 1000 years old, you would eventually die from ____________, because it is inevitable.
Old Age
Bacterial Infection
Virus'
Cancer
How long do untreated cancer cells live for?
Indefinitely
20-50 years
100 years
Temporarily
What are carcinogens?
Naturally-Occurring Mutations
Cancer-Causing Mutations
Cancer-Causing Bacteria
Damaged White Blood Cells
What blood cells carry DNA?
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Somatic Cells
Sex Cells
What are autosomes?
23rd Chromosome
Chromosomes 1-22
Organisms that make their own food.
Karyotypes
What does karyotype technology detect?
Birth defects
Fetal hair color
Fetal sex
Fetal viability
What does the term fusion mean in sexual reproduction?
Fertilization
Implantation
Injection
Recombination
What does 2n symbolize in genetic variability?
Independent assortment. n=23. 8 million combinations.
Random fertilization. n=23. 70 trillion combinations.
Crossing over. n=46. 8 trillion combinations.
Non-Disjunction. n=23. 70 million combinations.
What does independent assortment mean?
Genetic recombination
Crossing over
50/50 coin flip
Genetic mutations
An abnormal # of chromosomes as a result of Meiosis I or Meiosis II.
Karyotypes
Independent Assortment
Mutagens
Non-Disjunction
Monosomy is lethal. Trisomy is lethal. Trisomy 21 is survivable, however...
Results in physical defects
Results in shortened life expectancy, physical and mental defects
Results in sterility and shortened life expectancy
Actually results in very few abnormalities
2n x 2n
Independent assortment. 8 million combinations.
Random fertilization. 70 trillion combinations.
Crossing over. 70 million combinations.
Non-disjunction. 80 trillion combinations.
Genes are a unit of ________________ located in the nucleus.
DNA
RNA
Inheritance
Identity
DNA cannot leave ________________
the cell
the nucleus
the nucleolus
the plasma membrane
RNA is the _______________ that carries DNA across the nuclear membrane.
Transcriber
Enzyme
Ribosome
Messenger
_____________ is the enzyme that reads and transcribes DNA into RNA.
RNA Polymerase
DNA Polymerase
Transgenics
Frameshift mutation
The genetic code is ____________ for all species on Earth.
Unique
Specific
Universal
Random
Ribosomes read codons and _____________ them into Amino Acids.
Transcribe
Transfer
Translate
Deliver
One wrong amino acid sequence could change the shape and function of the protein. Insertions and deletions are lethal because they cause __________________.
Base-Pair Substitutions
Single-Point Mutations
Silent Mutations
Frameshift Mutations
What is the glue that holds together tetrads during Metaphase I?
Capsules
Chiasmata
Capels
Stomata
Produces blended intermediate phenotypes.
Complete dominance.
Incomplete dominance.
Codominance.
Mendelian inheritance.
Produces simultaneous expression of both phenotypes in heterozygotes.
Complete dominance.
Incomplete dominance.
Codominance.
Mendelian inheritance.
He discovered inheritance through pea plant fertilization experiments.
Hershey-Chase
Griffith
Avery
Mendel.
Griffith...
Conducted pea plant experiments.
Tried to figure out where inheritance came from using rat test subjects.
Tried to purify DNA.
Tried to figure out the process of viruses.
Avery...
Tried to discover inheritance using rat test subjects.
Tried to purify DNA.
Conducted pea plant experiments.
Tried to figure out the process of viruses.
Hershey Chase...
Tried to figure out the process of viruses.
Conducted pea plant experiments.
Tried to discover inheritance through rat test subjects.
Tried to purify DNA.
True breeders...
Are the homozygous dominant and recessive parent generation that produce a hybrid generation.
Are the hybrid generation that produce a 3:1 ratio.
Are the heterozygous generation that produce a 1:2:1 ratio.
Are the homozygous generation that produce a 3:1 ratio.
Monohybrids are...
Heterozygous.
Homozygous.
Hemizygous.
Dominant.
Dihybrids are...
Recessive.
Heterozygous.
Homozygous.
Hemizygous.
According to base-pairing rules:
A:T
A:C
A:U
A:G
If your parents are heterozygous for a gene, what is the chance that you will have at least one copy of the dominant allele?
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
If two chromosomes have the same alleles for the same trait, they are said to be...
Autosomal.
Polypeptides.
Traits.
Homologous.
Blue eyes is an example of:
A dominant condition.
A sex-linked condition.
A heterozygous condition.
An autosomal recessive condition.
Albinism is due to the absence of:
Collagen
Hair
Pigment
Tyrosine
Someone who is heterozygous for a recessive genetic disorder is said to be:
Infected.
Allelic.
A carrier.
Affected.
Barring mutation, can Mendel’s parent generation ever produce a white flowered plant?
No
Not enough information
Yes
Sometimes
If all individuals in a population are heterozygous for all gentoypes, and the phenotypic ratios (from a Punnett square) favor the dominant phenotype over the recessive phenotype 3:1… does this mean that dominant phenotypes will be the most common phenotypes in future generations?
Yes, just look at the Punnett Square
Not if the dominant phenotype isn't favorable.
Never.
Not enough information.
Sex-linked traits are based upon:
Alleles on the autosomes.
Alleles on the same chromosome.
Alleles on the sex chromosome.
Alleles in the gametes.
Secondary sexual characteristics appear at:
Birth
Puberty
In utero.
There is no such thing as secondary sexual characteristics.
This is true of hermaphrodites:
They have dual genetalia.
They produce both sperm and egg.
It has been seen in humans.
They are sterile.
How do bacteriophages tell us that DNA was a molecule of inheritance?
They literally tell us.
They target DNA when the enter bacteria.
Their DNA stays outside bacteria while their proteins enter.
Only their DNA enters bacteria.
What is different about transcription and translation in prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?
Transcription and translation are coupled in prokaryotes.
Transcription and translation happen in the nucleus of prokaryotes.
Both transcription and translation happen in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.
Nothing.
Most mutations are caused by:
Cancer
DNA Polymerase
UV
Viruses
RNA Polymerase
Proto-oncogens and tumor suppressor genes regulate:
Density-dependent inhibition.
Anchorage dependency.
DNA polymerase.
Potential cancer cell growth.
There are ______ amino acids, ______ codons, and ______ nucleotides.
20:3:4
4:64:20
20:64:4
64:20:4
Adele’s phenotype is freckles. Freckles are a dominant trait. What is her genotype?
FF
ff
Ff
Not enough information.
In cows, black and white coats are codominant. So if you mix the two, the coat will display both colors. Cross a black female with a male whose mother had a white coat and father had a black coat. How many of their 8 calves will be black, white, or both?
2 black, 4 both, 2 white
4 black, 4 both, 0 white
6 black, 0 both, 2 white
4 black, 2 both, 2 white
In horses, short hair is dominant over long hair. Cross a long haired male with a short haired female whose mother had short hair and father had long hair. How many out of their 6 kids will have long hair?
2
3
0
6
Pink roses are the most popular in the flower market. As a cross-pollinator with this knowledge, how would you maximize your profits?
Cross 2 red flowers.
Cross a red and a pink flower.
Cross two pink flowers.
Cross a red and a white flower.
