____ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles that make up an object.

If the particles that make up an object begin to move quickly, their average kinetic energy ____ and the object's temperature ____.

Thermal energy is the ____ of the particles in a system.

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1 degree Celsius.

______ is the thermal energy that is transformed from a material with a higher temperature to one with a lower temperature.

The specific heat of 4 substances is given, determine which would be the best coolant in an engine? Consider all substances as liquid during operating temperatures.

Substance A = 4,200 J/kg*C

Substance B = 1,500 J/kg*C

Substance C = 250 J/kg*C

Substance D = 6,500 J/kg*C

Refer to table 1 on p 141 for specific heat of substances. What is the change in thermal energy if we have 2 kg of wood that starts at 10 degrees Celsius and is warmed to 26 degrees Celsius.

Refer to table 1 on p 141 for specific heat of substances. What is the change in thermal energy if we have 3 kg of water that starts at 0 degrees Celsius and is warmed to 25 degrees Celsius.

Refer to table 1 on p 141 for specific heat of substances. What is the change in temperature if you have 5 kg of sand and have 100,000 J for change in thermal energy.

Refer to table 1 on p 141 for specific heat of substances. What is the change in temperature if you have 10 kg of iron and have 100,000 J for change in thermal energy

Refer to table 1 on p 141 for specific heat of substances. If we have 150,000 J of change in thermal energy in some iron. Iron starts at 2 degrees C and heats up to 32 degrees Celsius. What is the mass of iron that is heated.

Refer to table 1 on p 141 for specific heat of substances. If we have 150,000 J of change in thermal energy in some graphite. Graphite starts at -5 degrees C and heats up to 15 degrees Celsius. What is the mass of graphite that is heated.

If we have 250,000 J of change in thermal energy in an unknown substance. The substance starts at -5 degrees C and heats up to 25 degrees Celsius. The mass of the substance is 10 kg. What is the specific heat of the substance?

If we have -100,000 J of change in thermal energy in an unknown substance. The substance starts at 25 degrees C and cools to -5 degrees Celsius. The mass of the substance is 3 kg. What is the specific heat of the substance?

If you had to cool an object SLOWLY, what would you want the specific heat to be for the coolant? Assume that the same amount of coolant will be used.

Considering table 1 on p 141. If we applied the same amount of joules of thermal energy to the substances. Which one would have the lowest change in temperature?

Considering table 1 on p 141. If we applied the same amount of joules of thermal energy to the substances. Which one would have the highest change in temperature?

If sand had the same specific heat as water we would say that it would take more or less energy to make glass?

If sand had the same specific heat as iron we would say that it would take more or less energy to make glass?

The transfer of energy through matter by the direct contact of particles is called _____. *

Which is the most effective thermal conductor?

Any material that flows is a ________.

______ is the transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves.

A(n) ________ is a material that does not allow thermal energy to be transferred through it easily.

IF we were going to make an insulated product we would want to use water as our insulator over a vacuum (vacuum means there is no matter in the area).

A hallmark of good thermal insulators is

What is the original source of the most of the energy that people use?

Which best explains how this roasting marshmallows happens?

Which of the following is an example of convection?

What heat transfer happens when you put the pan in the open stove?

Warm air rises and the cool air sinks demonstrates this type of heat transfer.

Walking on a warm sand with your bare feet shows this type of heat transfer.

Ironing a shirt is an example of:

This is the transfer of thermal energy through "space":

Heat transfer in boiling water:

What kind of heat transfer is occurring when the sun warms the sand?

Heat transfer always moves ...

Heat transfers from an area of ______ temperature to an area of ______ temperature.

Select all that apply. Which of the following are examples of radiation?

Which heating systems use fuel to heat a mass of surrounding air that is blown through a series of ducts?

According to the first law of thermodynamics, the increase in thermal energy of a system is equal to _______.

According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, states that energy spreads from _______ areas of concentration to _______ areas of concentration.

All heating systems for homes require _______.

Which would you expect to find in a home with passive solar heating?

A(n) ________ is something that transforms radiant energy from the Sun into thermal energy.

Heat engines convert ________ energy into ________ energy.

Which is an internal combustion engine?

Refrigerators use the process of _____ to remove thermal energy from the interiors.

When you measure the temperature of an object, you are measuring _____.

Which of the following substances has the highest specific heat?

Which of the metals in the table would experience the largest temperature increase for a given amount of heat input?

Using the table, how much heat would be required to raise the temperature of 4.0 kg of copper by 2.0°C?

A 10.0 kg block of gold is heated in the Sun from 25.0°C to 30.0°C. Use the table to help calculate the change in the block's thermal energy.

Energy is transferred from the Sun to Earth by ____.

Which of these substances is likely to be the best insulator?

A heat source is located under one end of a solid material. What process, represented in the illustration, carries thermal energy to the other end of the block?

Which is likely to conduct thermal energy most efficiently?

Which type of energy transfer does not require matter?

____ is the thermal energy that is transferred from a material with a higher temperature to one with a lower temperature.

Which is the result of convection?

Which would be the best material to use for making tea kettles?

Thermal energy is the ________ of the particles that make up a system.

____ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all particles in an object.

A(n) ____ is a material that does not allow thermal energy to be transferred through it easily.

What is static electricity? *

The law of conservation of charge states that _______.

What exerts the force that causes other electric charges to move?

Elements that are shiny and good conductors of electricity are _______.

____ is a material through which electrons move easily.

____ is a material through which electrons are not able to move easily.

The negatively charged particles in an atom are called ____.

____ is the process of transferring charges by touching or rubbing.

Rearrangement of electrons on a neutral object by a nearby charged object is called ____.

Just before a lightning strike the charge on the bottom of the cloud would be said to be what?

Just before a lightning strike the charge on the top of the cloud would be said to be what

Just before a lightning strike the charge on the ground just below the cloud is said to be what

When we hear a thunder clap it is due to what?

What is the purpose of grounding?

____ is a device that can detect electric charge.

If two charges repel each other, the two charges must be ____.

An object becomes charged when the atoms in the object gain or lose __________. Mark only one oval.

If you bring a charged object near an electrically neutral surface without allowing the object to touch the surface, the charges in the surface are rearranged by __________. Mark only one oval.

A region around a charged particle that can exert a force on another charged particle is called an __________. Mark only one oval.

When two balloons with the same charge are brought near each other they:

______ is related to the push that causes charges to move. *

A(n) ______ is a closed, conducting path.

Positive charges flow from ______.

______ is the net movement of electric charges in a single direction.

related to the force that causes electric charges to flow; measured in volts

____ is the tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons.

A type of this battery has lead and lead dioxide plates immersed in a sulfuric acid solution.

A type of this battery has 1 electrode that is a carbon rod. The other is the zinc container. The electrolyte is a moist paste containing several chemicals.

Which is designed to transform electrical energy into thermal energy?

The current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance.

The voltage difference across a light bulb is 120 volts. The resistance is 180 ohms. What is the current?

The voltage difference across a light bulb is 120 volts. The resistance is 270 ohms. What is the current?

The current through an appliance is 5 amps. The resistance is 24 ohms. What is the voltage difference?

The current through an appliance is 35 amps. The resistance is 3.5 ohms. What is the voltage difference? Mark only one oval.

What is the resistance in a circuit that has 12 volts of drop and 10 amps of current flowing through it? Mark only one oval.

What is the resistance in a circuit that has 120 volts of drop and 16 amps of current flowing through it? Mark only one oval.

A circuit has a resistance of 4 ohms. What voltage difference will produce a current of 1.4 amps in the circuit?

How many amps of current will there be in a circuit if the voltage difference is 9 volts and the resistance in the circuit is 3 ohms?

If a voltage difference of 3 volts causes a 1.5 current in a circuit, what is the resistance the circuit?

The current in an appliance is 3 amps and the voltage difference is 120 V. What is the resistance? Mark only one oval.

In which type of circuit does charge have only one loop to flow through? *

In which type of circuit are there two or more branches for charge to move through?

Is the following circuit a parallel or series circuit?

Is the following circuit a parallel or series circuit?

If you had a single power source and multiple things that could be turned off or on, which type of wiring would you want for this circuit?

What is the standard voltage difference of electrical energy entering homes in the United States?

The purpose of fuses and circuit breakers is to _______.

The rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy is called _______.

What is the power rating of an electrical device that has 5 amps of current and 120V of drop across the device

What is the power rating of an electrical device that has 25 amps of current and 120V of drop across the device

How much current does a device use that is rated at 500 watts and has 120V of drop across the device?

How much current does a device use that is rated at 200 watts and has 12V of drop across the device?

What is the voltage drop across a device that is rated for 500 watts of power and has 5 amps of current?

What is the voltage drop across a device that is rated for 1000 watts of power and has 50 amps of current?

How much electrical energy would you consume if you plug in a device rated for 1.5 kW and is on for 0.5 hours?

How much electrical energy would you consume if you plug in a device rated for 10 kW and is on for 2 hours?

If the total energy consumed by a device is 1.6 kWh, and it was on for 0.37 hours, what is the electrical power of the device?

If the total energy consumed by a device is 26.2 kWh, and it was on for 1.6 hours, what is the electrical power of the device?

How long was a device on that consumed 10.6 kWh and is rated for 0.89 kW?

How long was a device on that consumed 9.1 kWh and is rated for 2.6 kW?