Free Printable APES Unit 7 Review

1.

Is the major pollutant that electrostatic precipitators are designed to remove from power-plant smokestack emissions

a)

Sulfur dioxide

b)

Lead

c)

Ozone

d)

Hydrocarbons

e)

Particulates

2.

Implicated in human neurological damage

a)

Sulfur dioxide

b)

Lead

c)

Ozone

d)

Hydrocarbons

e)

Particulates

3.

Colorless, odorless gas that is a naturally occurring decay product of uranium

a)

asbestos

b)

radon

c)

lead

d)

carbon monoxide

e)

formaldehyde

4.

Catalytic converters reduce which of the following pairs of pollutants in car exhaust?

a)

Carbon dioxide and ozone

b)

Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons

c)

Carbon dioxide and particulates

d)

Lead and mercury

e)

Methane and particulates

5.

a secondary pollutant

a)

forms in the stratosphere

b)

is transformed by sunlight, water, or other elements in the atmosphere

c)

cannot be directly tracked to its source

d)

forms primarily from incomplete combustion

6.

Which is a source of sulfur dioxide found in nature?

a)

forest fires

b)

lightning

c)

plant emissions

d)

volcano

7.

Thermal inversions

a)

increase the rate of smog formation

b)

trap high concentrations of pollution at ground level

c)

result in increased levels of acid deposition

d)

reduce the negative effects of VOC's

8.

Acid deposition forms as a result of

a)

nitrogen oxides and photochemical smog

b)

carbon monoxide and VOC's

c)

sulfur dioxide and VOC's

d)

nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides

9.

Which method is used to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions

a)

installation of catalytic converters

b)

increased temperature of combustion

c)

the use of calcium carbonate to absorb the emissions

d)

the use of fluidized bed combustion

10.

Which outdoor air pollutant is also a significant indoor air pollutant?

a)

sulfur dioxide

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

ozone

d)

lead

11.

Which of the following would most likely reduce the level of carbon monoxide gas as an indoor air pollutant?

a)

Remove old furniture and mattresses

b)

Purchase a newer model refrigerator and cooling system

c)

Ventilate of the fireplace, wood stove, and garage

d)

Ventilate the basement

12.

Acid deposition affects certain areas of a country more than others due to

a)

increased access to adjacent waterways which are heavily polluted by acid deposition.

b)

greater elevation causing an increase in proximity to the source of acid deposition.

c)

fewer soil microorganisms that can mobilize nitrogen through the nitrogen cycle.

d)

decreased limestone in the underlying sediment to neutralize the acid.

13.

Which of the following best describes the impact of using wet scrubber technology?

a)

Reduction of SO2 and particulates emitted from smokestacks

b)

Mobilization of particulate matter more readily through the hydrologic cycle

c)

Reduction of the mercury content in coal prior to its combustion

d)

Removal of toxic ash after coal combustion

14.

Two main components that are the driving force between the formation of secondary pollutants from primary pollutants include

a)

Sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid

b)

sunlight and water

c)

water and VOCs

d)

nitrogen oxides and sulfates

15.

What is particulate matter?

a)

solid airborne particles of soot, ash, pollen

b)

gaseous airborne particles of ozone

c)

airborne particles of oxygen and nitrogen

d)

airborne particles of acid

16.

AQI is used to report daily air quality conditions

a)

True

b)

False

17.

source: burning of coal and oil, esp. coal from E. US some industrial processes
health effects: breathing problems, lung damage
environmental effects: ingredient in acid rain

a)

NO_x

b)

SO₂

c)

CO

d)

particulate matter

18.

Source: formerly in gasoline, paint, smelters, some batteries
Health effects: brain and nervous system damage esp. in children. some digestive system damage
Environmental effects: Can harm wildlife

a)

SO2

b)

NOx

c)

Pb

d)

CO

19.

The principal component of smog
Source: Chemical reaction of VOCs and NOx
Health effects: breathing problems, reduced lung capacity, asthma, eye irritation, reduced resistance to disease
Environmental effects: can damage plants

a)

Pb

b)

CO

c)

SO₂

d)

O₃

20.

A photochemical smog forming chemical
Source: burning of fossil fuels, cars are a major source
Health effects: lung damage, respiratory system illnesses
Environmental effects: an ingredient of acid precipitation

a)

NOx

b)

CO

c)

Pb

d)

VOCs

21.

Source: burning of fossil fuels
Health effects: Reduces the ability of blood to bring oxygen to the body cells and tissues.
Environmental effects: May interfere with the breathing of animals

a)

Pb

b)

VOCs

c)

CO

d)

SO₂

22.

Source burning of wood, diesel and other fuels, agriculture (plowing, burning off fields), unpaved roads , some industry
Health effects: nose and throat irritation, lung damage, bronchitis
Environmental effects: the main cause of haze that redues visibility

a)

VOCs

b)

O3

c)

particulate matter (PM)

d)

SO₂

23.

A colorless, odorless gas that decreases the blood's ability to carry oxygen. Can cause faintness, death.

a)

Nitrogen oxides

b)

Ground-level ozone

c)

Carbon monoxide

d)

Sulfur dioxide

24.

Source of carbon monoxide

a)

Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels

b)

Combustion of fossil fuels

c)

Decomposition of plant and animal matters

d)

Photochemical reaction of CO₂

25.

Which system of the body is mainly affected by air pollution?

a)

Respiratory problems

b)

Immune

c)

Muscular

d)

Integument

26.

This atmospheric compound is critical to the planet in its protection against UV radiation, but when found close to the ground is part of photochemical smog that can cause serious health problems.

a)

particulate matter

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

stratospheric ozone

d)

tropospheric ozone

27.

The chemical formula for ozone?

a)

0

b)

0₂

c)

0₃

d)

OZn

28.

The 3 main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the US are

a)

soil erosion, volcanoes, and forest fires

b)

soil erosion, volcanoes, and energy production

c)

industry, transportation, and energy production

d)

industry, transportation and agriculture

29.

Which of the following correctly lists the 6 “criteria” air pollutants as specified under the Clean Air Act?

a)

Pb, SO₂, NO_X, CO, PM, and tropospheric O₃

b)

Tropospheric O₃, SO₂, NOX, PM, Pb, and CO₂

c)

SO₄, NO_X, CO, PM, Pb, and tropospheric O₃

d)

SO₂, NO_X, CO, Hg, PM, and tropospheric O₃

30.

What effect do temperature inversions have?

a)

traps heat and raises the temperature beneath it

b)

traps cold air and lowers the temperature beneath it

c)

traps emissions and can accumulate beneath it

d)

traps the ozone layer

31.

Which of the following is not an example of a volatile organic compound? (VOC)

a)

carbon monoxide

b)

paint thinner

c)

gasoline

d)

air freshener

32.

How do temperature Inversions affect air currents?

a)

A layer of cold, polluted air mixes with the warm air from the surface and creates a smog-like layer

b)

A layer of slightly warmer air prevents the warm, polluted air from rising, causing a build up of pollution near the surface

c)

A layer of smoke causes temperatures to lower near the surface of the earth, causing more pollution in the air.

33.

Which of the following is NOT a primary pollutant?

a)

nitric oxides

b)

smog

c)

sulfur dioxide

d)

volatile organic compounds

34.

Which of the following would most likely reduce the level of carbon monoxide gas as an indoor air pollutant?

a)

Remove old furniture and mattresses

b)

Purchase a newer model refrigerator and cooling system

c)

Ventilate of the fireplace, wood stove, and garage

d)

Ventilate the basement

35.

Under the Clean Air Act, what agency was charged with enforcing emission standards for new source of air pollution?

a)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

b)

U.S. Department of Justice

c)

Environmental Protection Agency

d)

U.S. Gelological Survey

36.

An air pollution prevention mechanism found in vehicles.

a)

combustion chamber

b)

electrostatic precipitator

c)

scrubber

d)

catalytic converter

37.

Has been implicated as the cause of as much as 15 percent of lung cancer cases

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

methane

d)

radon

e)

sulfur dioxide

38.

Which climate conditions would be best suited for the formation of photochemical smog?

a)

Cool, wet, cloudy

b)

Cool, dry, sunny

c)

Warm, wet, cloudy

d)

Warm, dry, sunny

39.

Cool air trapped below warm air, with the possibility of trapping pollutants near the surface.

a)

Cold Front

b)

Warm Front

c)

Temperature Inversion

d)

Heat Island

40.

Which of the following illustrates the reactants needed to form tropospheric ozone?

a)

SO2+H2O

b)

O2+C6H12O6

c)

NO2+VOCs+O2+sunlight

d)

CO2+H2O+sunlight

41.

Which of the following best explains the cause of the trend shown in the graph for lead emissions in the United States from 1970 to 2011 ?

a)

Unleaded gasoline was first introduced in 1974, and amendments to the Clean Air Act required cars with the model year 1975 or later to use only unleaded gasoline.

b)

New air-scrubber technologies were introduced in the late 1970s that effectively removed lead in the air and converted it into water vapor.

c)

Beginning in 1975, The Clean Air Act required new cars to have catalytic converters, which effectively converted the lead found in gasoline to water vapor.

d)

By 1990, all new model cars were equipped with internal fabric filters that effectively filtered car exhaust and reduced lead emissions.

42.

Which of the following air pollutants is correctly paired with one of its major effects?

a)

Lead - skin cancer

b)

Particulates - production of photochemical smog

c)

Radon - global climate change

d)

Sulfur oxides - acid deposition

43.

Which of the following describes a potential human health effect most likely to be associated with a thermal inversion?

a)

Increase in heart attacks due to increased barometric pressure

b)

Increase in respiratory irritation due to increased levels of fine airborne particulates

c)

Increase in skin cancer due to increased ozone levels

d)

Increase in allergies due to increased household mold

44.

Effects of Noise on Wildlife

Sound, just like the availability of nesting materials or food sources, plays an important role in the ecosystem. Activities such as finding desirable habitat and mates, avoiding predators, protecting young, and establishing territories are all dependent on the acoustical environment. [Wildlife is] being forced to adapt to increasing noise levels. Research shows that males of at least one frog species are adapting to traffic noise by calling at a higher pitch. This could be problematic for the females, because they prefer lower-pitched calls, which indicate larger and more experienced males.

In general, studies indicate that animals are stressed by noisy environments. The endangered Sonoran pronghorn avoids noisy areas frequented by military jets; female frogs exposed to traffic noise have more difficulty locating the male's signal; bats avoid hunting in areas with road noise. Combined with other stressors such as winter weather, disease, and food shortages, sound impacts can have important implications for the health and vitality of wildlife populations within a park.

National parks are under increasing noise pressure. Noise levels in park transportation corridors today are many times the natural level. Sound levels during peak periods in a high air traffic corridor in the Yellowstone backcountry, for example, were elevated by up to 5 decibels. The result is as much as a 70% reduction in the size of an area in which predators can hear their prey. Increasingly, careful consideration of the impacts of human-generated noise on wildlife is a critical component of management for healthy ecosystems in our parks.

Which of the following claims is best supported by the evidence provided by the article?

a)

Frog populations may increase in size as a result of the changes in male vocalizations.

b)

Female frogs are beginning to prefer male frogs with higher pitched calls.

c)

More experienced male frogs are no longer preferred by female frogs.

d)

Frog populations may decrease in size as a result of males changing the pitch of their calls.

45.

Effects of Noise on Wildlife

Sound, just like the availability of nesting materials or food sources, plays an important role in the ecosystem. Activities such as finding desirable habitat and mates, avoiding predators, protecting young, and establishing territories are all dependent on the acoustical environment. [Wildlife is] being forced to adapt to increasing noise levels. Research shows that males of at least one frog species are adapting to traffic noise by calling at a higher pitch. This could be problematic for the females, because they prefer lower-pitched calls, which indicate larger and more experienced males.

In general, studies indicate that animals are stressed by noisy environments. The endangered Sonoran pronghorn avoids noisy areas frequented by military jets; female frogs exposed to traffic noise have more difficulty locating the male's signal; bats avoid hunting in areas with road noise. Combined with other stressors such as winter weather, disease, and food shortages, sound impacts can have important implications for the health and vitality of wildlife populations within a park.

National parks are under increasing noise pressure. Noise levels in park transportation corridors today are many times the natural level. Sound levels during peak periods in a high air traffic corridor in the Yellowstone backcountry, for example, were elevated by up to 5 decibels. The result is as much as a 70% reduction in the size of an area in which predators can hear their prey. Increasingly, careful consideration of the impacts of human-generated noise on wildlife is a critical component of management for healthy ecosystems in our parks.

What is one potential impact of increased noise pollution in national parks that is supported by the article?

a)

Predator-prey interactions will intensify in national parks because of stress caused by noise pollution.

b)

Prey populations are likely to increase in national parks because predators have a decreased ability to hear prey sounds.

c)

Prey populations are likely to experience biomagnification of noise pollution.

d)

Predator species will expand their range beyond park boundaries because of increased noise pollution.

46.

Effects of Noise on Wildlife

Sound, just like the availability of nesting materials or food sources, plays an important role in the ecosystem. Activities such as finding desirable habitat and mates, avoiding predators, protecting young, and establishing territories are all dependent on the acoustical environment. [Wildlife is] being forced to adapt to increasing noise levels. Research shows that males of at least one frog species are adapting to traffic noise by calling at a higher pitch. This could be problematic for the females, because they prefer lower-pitched calls, which indicate larger and more experienced males.

In general, studies indicate that animals are stressed by noisy environments. The endangered Sonoran pronghorn avoids noisy areas frequented by military jets; female frogs exposed to traffic noise have more difficulty locating the male's signal; bats avoid hunting in areas with road noise. Combined with other stressors such as winter weather, disease, and food shortages, sound impacts can have important implications for the health and vitality of wildlife populations within a park.

National parks are under increasing noise pressure. Noise levels in park transportation corridors today are many times the natural level. Sound levels during peak periods in a high air traffic corridor in the Yellowstone backcountry, for example, were elevated by up to 5 decibels. The result is as much as a 70% reduction in the size of an area in which predators can hear their prey. Increasingly, careful consideration of the impacts of human-generated noise on wildlife is a critical component of management for healthy ecosystems in our parks.

Based on the author’s claim in the article, which of the following statements best describes the effect of noise pollution on wildlife?

a)

Noise pollution is being managed in such a way as to not significantly interfere with wildlife in national parks.

b)

Noise in national parks has an overall positive effect on wildlife and has led to an increase in biodiversity.

c)

Stressors such as winter weather, disease, and food shortages are having a greater effect on wildlife than noise pollution.

d)

Noise pollution has a negative effect on wildlife activities such as mating, establishing territories, and predator-prey interactions.

47.

What three components have to be present to create photochemical smog?

a)

VOCS, PANS, Carbon Dioxide

b)

VOCS, Ozone, Nitrogen Monoxide

c)

Nitrogen Dioxide, Sunlight, and VOCS

d)

Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone

48.

Acid deposition forms as a result of

a)

nitrogen oxides and photochemical smog

b)

carbon monoxide and VOC's

c)

sulfur dioxide and VOC's

d)

nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides

49.

Which method is used to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions

a)

installation of catalytic converters

b)

increased temperature of combustion

c)

the use of calcium carbonate to absorb the emissions

d)

the use of fluidized bed combustion

50.

Which below is a source of particulate matter?

a)

burning wood

b)

dust from gravel roads

c)

volcanoes

d)

forest fires

e)

all of these are sources of particulate matter

51.

Source: formerly in gasoline, paint, smelters, some batteries
Health effects: brain and nervous system damage esp. in children. some digestive system damage
Environmental effects: Can harm wildlife

a)

SO2

b)

NOx

c)

Pb

d)

CO

52.

source: burning of coal and oil, esp. coal from E. US some industrial processes
health effects: breathing problems, lung damage
environmental effects: ingredient in acid rain

a)

NO_x

b)

SO₂

c)

CO

d)

particulate matter

53.

A smog forming group of molecules
Source: are released from burning fuel (fossil fuels or biomass), solvents, paints glues and other commonly used products. They include benzene, methane, formaldehyde and others
Health effects: In addition to smog (ozone) effects, some are carcinogenic
Environmental effects: affects some plants directly in addition to smog effects

a)

PM (particulate matter)

b)

VOCs

c)

CO

d)

Pb

54.

Hydrocarbons such as gasoline, solvents, paints, finger nail polish & thinners that vaporize easily.

a)

Sulfur Oxides

b)

Nitrogen Oxides

c)

VOC's

d)

Mercury

55.

Which of the following best describes how a scientist could accurately study the effects of soil buffering on plant growth in a region that is affected by acid deposition downwind of a coal-burning power plant?

a)

Measure changes in plant height over a year in a two different groups of trees; one group is 5km from the power plant and one group is 10km from the power plant.

b)

Measure the changes in plant height over a year in two different groups of trees the same distance from the power plant; one group is in topsoil and one group is in topsoil with limestone added.

c)

Measure changes in plant biomass over a year in two different groups of trees the same distance from the power plant; one group is not manipulated and one group is watered daily to dilute the deposition's acidity.

d)

Measure changes in plant biomass over a year in two different groups of trees; one group is 5km from the power plant over limestone bedrock and one group is 10km from the power plant that has nitrogen and phosphorus added to the topsoil.

56.

The majority of atmospheric mercury is produced by

a)

medical waste incinerators

b)

volatilization of lead-based paint

c)

coal-burning power plants

d)

runoff from thermometer factories

e)

municipal waste incinerators

57.

Where in the atmosphere is the ozone considered a pollutant?

a)

Troposphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Ozosphere

58.

Which pollution control measure is used to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from power plants/factories?

a)

Catalytic converter

b)

Fluidized bed combustion

c)

Vapor recovery nozzle

d)

Electrostatic precipitator

59.

Which of the following is NOT one of the "criteria air pollutants"?

a)

Carbon monoxide (CO)

b)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

c)

Lead (Pb)

d)

Ozone (O3)

60.

Which of the following is the human health impact most closely associated with atmospheric particulates?

a)

Cataracts

b)

Diabetes

c)

Melanoma

d)

Asthma

e)

Obesity

61.

Has been implicated as the cause of as much as 15 percent of lung cancer cases

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

methane

d)

radon

e)

sulfur dioxide

62.

This molecule prevents UV radiation from getting to the troposphere

a)

stratospheric ozone

b)

tropospheric ozone

c)

Calcium Carbonate

d)

CFC

63.

Which is a source of sulfur dioxide found in nature?

a)

forest fires

b)

lightning

c)

plant emissions

d)

volcano

64.

The effects of acid deposition include

a)

increased cancer rates in aquatic organisms

b)

increased pH of lake water

c)

decreased mobilization of metals

d)

decreased aquatic biodiversity

65.

During thermal inversion, ______________ air is surrounded by _____________ air.

a)

warm; cooler

b)

cool; warmer

c)

warm; denser

d)

cool; denser

66.

Smoke from forest fires is most likely to affect air quality over larger areas for many days when

a)

smog is produced due to chemical reactions in the atmosphere

b)

a persistent atmospheric inversion exists in the region

c)

it emits primary pollutants

d)

it emits secondary pollutants

67.

This toxic heavy metal was found in paints and gasoline in the U.S. until 1976

a)

Lead

b)

Mercury

c)

CFC

d)

VOC

68.

What size of particulate matter (PM) pollution is the most harmful to humans

a)

2.5 micrometers

b)

5 micrometers

c)

10 micrometers

d)

100 micrometers

APES Unit 7 Review

Total questions: 68

Worksheet time: 3hrs 31mins

Similar Resources on Wayground