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honors bio

Total questions: 201

Worksheet time: 50hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the name of a pigment-containing complex found in a thylakoid?
a)
chlorophyll a
b)
photosystem
c)
grana
d)
stroma
2.
Where do the light-dependent reactions occur? 
a)
thylakoid membrane
b)
stroma
c)
mesophyll
d)
mitochondria
3.
What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a)
To produce glucose
b)
To produce NADPH and ATP
c)
To use ATP
d)
To produce RuBP
4.
When carbon first enters the Calvin cycle, what molecule does it combine with? 
a)
PGA
b)
G3P
c)
RuBP
d)
ATP
5.
Which of the following is NOT a product of the light reactions?
a)
ATP
b)
NADPH
c)
Oxygen
d)
Glucose
6.
What does ATP synthase do?
a)
Create ATP in chemiosmosis.
b)
Break down ATP in chemiosmosis.
c)
Break down NADPH. 
d)
Create NADPH.
7.
Where is chlorophyll found in the chloroplast?
a)
in the stroma
b)
within photosystems
c)
in the ATP synthase
d)
in the electron carrier molecule
8.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
CO2 + light + H2O --> O2 + glucose
b)
CO2 + glucose + H2O --> O2 + light
c)
O2 + light + H2O --> CO2 + glucose
d)
CO2 + O2 + H2O --> Light+ glucose
9.
What supplies the electrons that are lost in PS I?
a)
the electrons from PS II
b)
water
c)
glucose
d)
oxygen
10.
Chlorophyll absorbs _____ and _______ light from the light.
a)
purple and green
b)
red and blue
c)
black and orange
d)
yellow and green
11.
What is the function of NADP+?
a)
It absorbs light
b)
It is an electron carrier
c)
It is a light-reflecting pigment
d)
It acts as long-term energy storage
12.
Which substance from the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is a source of energy for the light-independent reactions?
a)
ADP
b)
H2O
c)
NADPH
d)
pyruvic acid
13.
What is the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth?
a)
glucose
b)
sunlight
c)
ATP
d)
H2O
14.
What is the purpose of splitting water in PS2 of the light dependent reaction?
a)
Provides e- for PS2 and H+ for the thylakoid space
b)
To produce Oxygen for animals
c)
There is no purpose
15.
It is important to create a concentration of H+  in the thylakoid space so that the H+ can diffuse through_________ to create ______.
a)
ATP synthase, ATP
b)
NADH, NADPH
c)
proton pump, protons
16.
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy?
a)
The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.
b)
The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power photosynthesis.
c)
Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation
d)
Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
17.

Which of the following replication enzymes is used to unwind the DNA double helix?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Primase

c)

DNA ligase

d)

Helicase

18.

Of the following DNA replication enzymes, which one links the Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand?

a)

DNA ligase

b)

DNA polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Primase

19.

DNA replication is semi-conservative. This means that __________.

a)

both double strands have different percentages of nucleotides

b)

both double strands have a newly created strand and an original template strand

c)

an entirely new synthesized DNA molecule is created, while the original double helix stays together

d)

none of the above

20.

Which of the following complementary base pairs are correct?

a)

A - T

b)

T - C

c)

A - G

d)

G - U

21.

Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand in the 5' → 3' direction?

a)

Ligase

b)

DNA polymerase

c)

Primase

d)

Lactase

22.

DNA is a polymer made of monomers (building blocks) called

a)

Nucleotides

b)

Proteins

c)

Amino Acids

d)

Lipids

23.

A nitrogenous base is an important component of the nucleotide making up DNA. Which of the following correctly lists the four possible nitrogenous bases in DNA?

a)

glutamine, proline, tyrosine, phenylalanine

b)

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

c)

leucine, proline, tyrosine, phenylalanine

d)

adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

24.

What is an Okazaki fragment?

a)

short RNA primers placed before DNA replication starts

b)

long segments of DNA on leading strand

c)

short sequences of DNA which are synthesized discontinuously on lagging strand

d)

a japanese show on netflix

25.

Site or section where double-stranded DNA splits apart into 2 single strands

a)

Leading Strand

b)

Replication Fork

c)

Lagging Strand

d)

RNA primer

26.

(Hard) Which of the following is true?

a)

Strand III is a lagging strand template while strand IV is a leading strand template

b)

Strand I is the leading strand while Strand II is the lagging strand

c)

Strand I and Strand II are template (parental) strands

d)

Strand III is complimentary to Strand II

27.

Which strand is replicated continuously?

a)

Leading strand

b)

Lagging strand

c)

Template strand

28.

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the ___________ direction.

a)

5' to 3'

b)

5' to 5'

c)

3' to 5'

d)

3' to 7'

29.
What is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
sunlight
c)
water
d)
carbon
30.
All of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with each other are called a/an ______.
a)
community
b)
habitat
c)
population
d)
ecosystem
31.
A living relationship between two species in which one organism is harmed is called...
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
niche
32.
Which of the following is the smallest unit of life that can carry out all life functions?
a)
the mitochondria
b)
the vacuoles
c)
the nucleus
d)
the cell
33.

Which organelle contains DNA and directs activities of the cell?

a)

mitochondria

b)

chloroplasts

c)

nucleus

d)

ribosome

34.
What is a producer?
a)
an organism that gets energy from eating other organisms
b)
an organisms that uses sunlight to make its own food
c)
an organism that gets energy from eating dead organisms, non-living material or waste
d)
an organism that uses chemical energy to make its own food
35.
The shrew provides energy for the _______?
a)
cricket
b)
grasshopper
c)
frog
d)
snake
36.
Which of the following removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
Combustion
b)
Respiration
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Death
37.
How do plants get the nitrogen they need?
a)
from the air
b)
from the soil or water in which they live
c)
from the Sun
d)
from broken-down rocks
38.
In this diagram, removing which living factor will have the MOST impact on this food chain?
a)
sun
b)
grass
c)
grasshopper
d)
robin
39.

Sugar belongs to which class of macromolecules?

a)

proteins

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

carbohydrates

40.
when you have two different genes
a)
heterozygous
b)
dominant
c)
homozygous
41.
when you have two of the same genes
a)
heterozygous
b)
recessive
c)
homozygous
42.

Which of the following converts food into energy for the cell?

a)

vacuole

b)

mitochondria

c)

cytoplasm

d)

cell membrane

43.
Which of the following, found ONLY in plant cells, provides structure?
a)
cell wall
b)
chloroplast
c)
mitochondria
d)
vacuole
44.
This is a process in which organisms gradually change over time.
a)
Environment
b)
Competition
c)
Evolution
d)
Fossils
45.
Charles Darwin came up with this theory 
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Mutation
46.
Darwin wrote that organisms with traits that are best suited to the environment will ________________
a)
increase in number
b)
become extinct
47.
Mushrooms are an example of this Kingdom?
a)
Animalia
b)
Protista 
c)
Archea 
d)
Fungi
48.
What is an autotroph?
a)
an organism that can make their own food. 
b)
an organism that cannot make their own food
c)
Herbivore
d)
Omnivore
49.
The main purpose of the ____________ system is to break food particles into pieces that can be used.
a)
circulatory
b)
respiratory
c)
digestive
d)
skeletal
50.
What is responsible for delivering oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the body?
a)
cell nucleus
b)
excretory system
c)
nervous tissue
d)
respiratory system
51.
The __________ system directs the body to inner and outer changes.
a)
digestive
b)
circulatory
c)
nervous
d)
skeletal
52.
The __________ is the main organ of the nervous system.
a)
heart
b)
lungs
c)
brain
d)
skin
53.
In multicellular organisms, tissues are comprised of _______.
a)
organs
b)
systems
c)
cells
d)
blood
54.
When tissues come together, they form ___________.
a)
cells
b)
atoms
c)
organs
d)
systems
55.
Which of the following body systems work together for support, protection, and movement?
a)
respiratory and cardiovascular
b)
skeletal and muscular
c)
skeletal and integumentary
d)
digestive and respiratory
56.
 Which system is the stomach in?
a)
respiratory
b)
digestive
c)
nervous
d)
excretory
57.
 What is the main function of the respiratory system?
a)
take in oxygen and exhale waste like carbon dioxide
b)
move nutrients throughout the body
c)
take in carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen
58.
Which system provides shape and support, enables you to move, protects your internal organs, and stores minerals?
a)
skeletal
b)
muscular
c)
digestive
d)
nervous
59.

Insulin: a hormone made by the pancreas. It allows your body to use glucose from food. Insulin controls glucose levels.

a)

Circulatory and lymphatic

b)

Integumentary and muscular

c)

Endocrine and circulatory

d)

Digestive and skeletal

60.

When you get pinched by someone, which systems interact to help you move your arm away?

a)

Nervous, muscular, skeletal

b)

Nervous. respiratory, skeletal

c)

Muscular, excretory, skeletal

d)

Digestive, muscular, respiratory

61.

Which body systems work together for nutrient absorption?

a)

Circulatory & immune

b)

Digestive & skeletal

c)

Muscular & excretory

d)

Digestive & circulatory

62.

Which systems pictured are helping regulate water and salt balance in the blood?

a)

Excretory and integumentary

b)

Circulatory and excretory

c)

Endocrine and circulatory

d)

Immune and nervous

63.

The immune system fights diseases. The circulatory system pairs with the immune system because ___.

a)

blood is made in the bones.

b)

plasma carries nutrients.

c)

red blood cells carry oxygen.

d)

white blood cells fight infection.

64.

What tissue type carries information from your brain to the heart telling it to pump blood.

a)

nerve tissue

b)

epithelial tissue

c)

muscle tissue

d)

connective tissue

65.

How do the skeletal and circulatory systems relate to each other?

a)

Bone marrow produces blood.

b)

The heart is made of cardiac muscle tissue.

c)

The heart is held in place in the chest by ligaments.

d)

The blood brings carbon dioxide and glucose to the cells of the bones.

66.

What is a major role of the endocrine system?

a)

release hormones to control many body functions

b)

digest and absorb food

c)

transport nutrients through the blood

d)

first line of defense from infection

67.

1. What is the function of the cell membrane?

a)

Regulate what enters and leaves the cell, provide protection and support, and allow for cell communication.

b)

Produce hormones for the cell

c)

Store energy for the cell

d)

Regulate body temperature

68.

2. What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a)

The main differences are the presence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells, while prokaryotic cells lack these structures.

b)

Eukaryotic cells have a cell wall while prokaryotic cells do not

c)

Prokaryotic cells have a larger size than eukaryotic cells

d)

The main difference is the color of the cells

69.

3. Describe the structure and function of the mitochondria.

a)

The mitochondria is a single-membrane-bound organelle responsible for producing energy in the form of glucose through photosynthesis.

b)

The mitochondria is a double-membrane-bound organelle responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.

c)

The mitochondria is a type of cell wall that provides structural support to the cell.

d)

The mitochondria is a small molecule that stores genetic information in the form of DNA.

70.

4. What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?

a)

5CO2 + 5H2O + light energy → C5H10O5 + 5O2

b)

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

c)

2CO2 + 2H2O + light energy → C2H4O2 + 2O2

d)

3CO2 + 3H2O + light energy → C3H6O3 + 3O2

71.

5. Explain the process of cellular respiration.

a)

Cells break down water to produce ATP for energy.

b)

Cells break down carbon dioxide to produce ATP for energy.

c)

Cells break down oxygen to produce ATP for energy.

d)

Cells break down glucose to produce ATP for energy.

72.

6. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

a)

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in different organisms

b)

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration have no relationship

c)

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration produce the same end products

d)

The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration, and vice versa.

73.

7. What are the four major classes of organic compounds?

a)

Animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria

b)

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

c)

Salt, sugar, pepper, and vinegar

d)

Water, air, soil, and rocks

74.

8. Describe the structure and function of enzymes.

a)

Enzymes are made of inorganic materials and slow down chemical reactions in the body.

b)

Enzymes have no specific structure and do not play a role in chemical reactions.

c)

Enzymes are only found in plants and have no function in animal bodies.

d)

Enzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body.

75.

9. What is the role of ATP in biochemistry?

a)

Provides structural support for cells

b)

Provides energy for biochemical reactions

c)

Stores genetic information

d)

Regulates body temperature

76.

10. Describe the stages of mitosis.

a)

A, B, C, D

b)

Start, Stop, Pause, Resume

c)

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

d)

Left, Right, Up, Down

77.

11. What is the significance of mitosis in the growth and repair of an organism?

a)

Mitosis causes the death of cells in the organism.

b)

Mitosis produces new cells for growth and repair.

c)

Mitosis produces energy for growth and repair.

d)

Mitosis is only important for the development of the nervous system.

78.

12. Explain the process of crossing over in meiosis.

a)

Crossing over is the duplication of genetic material within a single chromosome during meiosis.

b)

Crossing over is the separation of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

c)

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

d)

Crossing over is the fusion of non-homologous chromosomes during mitosis.

79.

13. What is the difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?

a)

Meiosis I occurs in somatic cells and meiosis II occurs in gametes.

b)

The separation of sister chromatids in meiosis I and the separation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis II.

c)

Meiosis I results in 4 daughter cells and meiosis II results in 2 daughter cells.

d)

The separation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I and the separation of sister chromatids in meiosis II.

80.

14. Describe the importance of genetic variation in meiosis.

a)

Genetic variation in meiosis has no impact on genetic diversity.

b)

Genetic variation in meiosis leads to decreased genetic diversity.

c)

Genetic variation in meiosis only affects physical traits, not genetic diversity.

d)

Genetic variation in meiosis leads to increased genetic diversity.

81.

15. How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?

a)

By causing identical copies of the same chromosome to be produced

b)

By preventing any genetic recombination from occurring

c)

By promoting genetic recombination and independent assortment of chromosomes.

d)

By ensuring that all offspring receive the exact same combination of genes

82.
Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?
a)
breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods
b)
stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates
c)
keeps the cell wall in place
d)
regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell
83.
The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
lipids
c)
bilipids
d)
proteins
84.
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
a)
osmotic pressure.
b)
osmosis.
c)
pinocytosis.
d)
active transport.
85.
An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes
a)
water to move into the cell.
b)
water to move out of the cell
c)
solutes to move into the cell.
d)
solutes to move out of the cell.
86.
Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
a)
diffusion
b)
osmosis
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
active transport
87.
Which means of particle transport is shown in this diagram?
a)
diffusion
b)
osmosis
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
active transport
88.
Which means of particle transport is shown in this diagram?
a)
endocytosis
b)
exocytosis
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
protein pump
89.
The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called
a)
perforated
b)
non-conductive
c)
semi-permeable
d)
permeable
90.
In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?
a)
cell membrane
b)
cell wall
c)
mitochondrion
d)
nucleus
91.
What organelle controls and regulates cellular activity?
a)
Ribosome
b)
Nucleus
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Lysosome 
92.
The major function of ribosomes is to
a)
Make fats
b)
Synthesize protein
c)
Digest protein
d)
Make sugars
93.
The ____________ packages and processes material before it exports out of the cell.
a)
Vacuoles
b)
mitochondria
c)
Golgi apparatus 
d)
nucleus 
94.
Which of the following is an enzyme filled organelle that breaks down waste in the cell?
a)
lysosomes
b)
chloroplast
c)
mitochondria 
d)
Golgi apparatus 
95.
What is the name and function of the organelle displayed above?
a)
Mitochondria: breakdown glucose and produce ATP
b)
Chloroplast: converts solar energy into chemical energy
c)
Vacuole: Stores H2O, salt, food
d)
Nucleus: stores genetic information
96.
which of the following transports material within the cell?
a)
Golgi apparatus 
b)
Endoplasmic reticulum
c)
cell wall 
d)
ribosomes
97.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ________________ attached to it. 
a)
ribosomes 
b)
chromosomes 
c)
Golgi apparatus 
d)
nucleolus 
98.
What is the function of vacuoles?  
a)
make protein
b)
store genetic information
c)
storage of salt, H2O, food, and waste
d)
transports material outside the cell
99.
No membrane-bound organelles
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
100.
Only contain structures like ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall, flagella, and DNA
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
101.
more complex
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
c)
both
d)
both
102.
Has chloroplast
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
c)
both
103.
plants
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
c)
both
104.
Which type of cell?
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
105.

______ are used as a tool to treat bacterial infections.

a)

Vaccines

b)

Anitvirals

c)

Luck & Prayer

d)

Antibiotics

106.

Bacteria can be useful to humans, because

a)

They aid in digestion

b)

They help plants in the soil to grow.

c)

They are used in manufacturing food like yogurt and cheese.

d)

All of the above.

107.

When cells move large food particles out of the cell, this is an example of

a)

Endocytosis

b)

Exocytosis

c)

Ion Pumps

d)

Facilitated Diffusion

108.

Place the following levels of organization in order from largest to smallest.

a)

Organ System, Tissue, Organism, Cell, Organ

b)

Organism, Organ System, Organ, Tissue, Cell

c)

Organism, Organ, Organ System, Tissue, Cell

d)

Organism, Organ System, Organ, Cell, Tissue

109.

When only water moves. Is osmosis a type of passive transport? ( (a)   )

110.
Which of the following is NOT a property of molecules that can undergo simple diffusion in our bodies?
a)
Small
b)
Nonpolar
c)
Polar
d)
Charged
111.

Per Chargaff’s base pair rule, if I have a sample of DNA that contains 21% adenine, what percentage of the sample would be thymine? (a)   % why?

112.

The process of cells making sugars using sunlight is called (a)   .

113.

Bacteria are types of (a)   cells.

114.
According to Chargaff's base pair rule, if a sample of DNA contains 21% adenine, what percentage of the sample would be thymine?
a)
50%
b)
42%
c)
29%
d)
21%
115.

If this happens in animal cells, the term is ( (a)   )

116.
Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA during replication?
a)
Ligase
b)
Helicase
c)
Primase
d)
DNA Polymerase
117.
What is the function of integral proteins in cell membranes?
a)
Store energy for the cell
b)
Provide structural support to the cell
c)
Break down waste products
d)
Transport molecules across the membrane
118.
What is the overall equation for aerobic cell respiration?
a)
Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ADP
b)
Carbon dioxide + oxygen → glucose + water + ATP
c)
Glucose + water → carbon dioxide + oxygen + ATP
d)
Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP
119.
What element is found in all organic compounds?
a)
Nitrogen
b)
Hydrogen
c)
Carbon
d)
Oxygen
120.

Per Chargaff’s base pair rule, if I have a sample of DNA that contains 21% cytosine, what percentage of the sample would be adenine? (a)   % why?

121.
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
a)
Ribosome
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Lysosome
d)
Golgi apparatus
122.
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Chloroplasts
c)
Cell membrane
d)
Cell wall
123.

List the three enzymes IN ORDER that function in DNA replication and their functions: Helicase function: unzips the DNA, DNA Polymerase function: adds new nucleotides to existing nucleotides, Primase function: tells polymerase where to start, (a)   function: repairs fragments of DNA

124.

The actual molecule in our bodies that gives us 'usable' energy for our cells is (a)   .

125.

The three steps of aerobic cell respiration are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and (a)   transport chain.

126.
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a)
Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, while eukaryotic cells do not
b)
Prokaryotic cells have multiple small vacuoles, while eukaryotic cells have a large central vacuole
c)
Prokaryotic cells have a true nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not
d)
Prokaryotic cells have chloroplasts, while eukaryotic cells do not
127.
Which of the following molecules would need an integral protein to get into/out of the cell?
a)
Small and charged molecules
b)
Large and polar molecules
c)
Large and nonpolar molecules
d)
Small and nonpolar molecules
128.
What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
a)
Chromatin is involved in transcription while chromosomes are involved in translation
b)
Chromatin is made up of RNA while chromosomes are made up of DNA
c)
Chromatin is found in prokaryotic cells while chromosomes are found in eukaryotic cells
d)
Chromatin is loosely coiled DNA while chromosomes are densely packed structures of DNA
129.

What is the function of the mitochondria in a cell?

a)

Protein synthesis

b)

Cellular respiration

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

DNA replication

130.

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

a)

It carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosome

b)

It provides the energy for protein synthesis

c)

It forms the structure of the ribosome

d)

It breaks down the protein after it is formed

131.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

a)

To control what enters and leaves the cell

b)

To provide energy for the cell

c)

To carry out photosynthesis

d)

To store genetic information

132.

What is osmosis?

a)

diffusion of water

b)

diffusion of nonpolar molecules

c)

active transport

d)

diffusion of solutes

133.

unsaturated fatty acids

a)

have double bonds between some of their carbons

b)

have no double bonds

c)

have always single bonds

d)

have no bonds

134.

triglycerides are lipids therefore

a)

triglycerides are hydrophobic

b)

triglycerides are hydrophilic 1

c)

triglycerides are polar

d)

triglycerides don't exist

135.

storage form of carbohydrates in animals _______ and _______ in plants

a)

glucose; glucose

b)

cellulose; glycogen

c)

starch; glycogen

d)

glycogen; starch

136.

nucleotides are made of

a)

a sugar and a phosphate

b)

a sugar, nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

c)

nitrogenous base and a sugar

d)

a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group

137.

Peptide bonds

a)

are formed by hydrolysis

b)

form between fatty acids

c)

link amino acids

d)

form amino acids

138.

amino acids have

a)

fat

b)

a carboxyl and an amino group

c)

sugar

d)

glucose

139.

a hydroxyl group is

a)

characteristics of alcohols

b)

composed of two oxygen atoms

c)

also called a carbonyl group

d)

characteristics of proteins

140.

isomers

a)

different molecular formula but the same chemical properties

b)

different molecular formulas but same chemical formulas

c)

same molecular formula but different chemical properties

d)

same molecular formula and same chemical properties

141.

mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria

a)

are not found in plants

b)

contain membrane folds called cristae, and chloroplast contain disk-like stacks called grana

c)

convert light energy from the sun to chemical energy

d)

contain 3 different membrane bound compartments, and chloroplasts contain two

142.

the stroma is the

a)

space between inner and outer membranes of a mitochondrion

b)

space between the inner and outer membranes of a chloroplast

c)

thick fluid enclosed by inner chloroplast membrane

d)

watery fluid enclosed by inner membrane of the mitochondria

143.

the function of the chloroplast

a)

cellular respiration

b)

lipid synthesis

c)

photosynthesis

d)

intracellular digestion

144.

what two organelles are responsible for converting energy into forms that can be used by cells ?

a)

ribosomes and chloroplast

b)

lysosomes and chloroplast

c)

mitochondria and lysosomes

d)

mitochondria and chloroplasts

145.

which structure is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?

a)

membrane bound nucleus

b)

nucleoid

c)

chromosome

d)

ribosomes

146.

the endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that

a)

two separate cells worked cooperatively and one benefited from the other

b)

a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells

c)

a large cell engulfed and digested a smaller cell, exposing its enzymes fro use by the larger cell

d)

two cells merged into one cell, improving enzyme function

147.

the tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as _________.

a)

adhesion

b)

transpiration

c)

cohesion

d)

polarity

148.

how does water get to the leaves at the top of a tree?

a)

capillary action

b)

high heat capacity

c)

density

d)

gravity

149.

a buffer

a)

is an acid that is used to offset overly basic conditions in the body

b)

is a base that is used to offset overly acidic conditions in the body

c)

donates H+ ions when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ ions when conditions become too acidic

d)

donates OH- ions when conditions become basic and accepts OH- when conditions become acidic

150.

Pure water has a pH of 7.0 therefore

a)

H+< OH-

b)

H+= OH-

c)

H+= 0

d)

OH- = 0

151.

what is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?

a)

ion

b)

molecule

c)

compound

d)

atom

152.

nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons and neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen would

a)

be positively charged

b)

be negatively charged

c)

have more protons than the usual nitrogen atom

d)

have more neutrons than the usual nitrogen atom

153.

in any specific atom, the electrons in the outermost shell are called

a)

isotopic electrons

b)

anions

c)

ionic electrons

d)

valence electrons

154.

which particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

a)

protons and neutrons

b)

neutrons, electrons, and protons

c)

neutrons and electrons

d)

protons and electrons

155.

Which trace element needed by humans is commonly added to table salt?

a)

iodine

b)

fluoride

c)

magnesium

d)

iron

156.

what is the best description for the atomic number of an atom?

a)

the number of electrons in the atom

b)

the number of protons in the atom

c)

the number of neutrons in the atom

d)

the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons int he atom

157.

The basic unit of a living thing is a ________________.

a)

cell

b)

cytoplasm

c)

nucleus

d)

cell membrane

158.
The type of variable that you change or manipulate in an experiment.  It is what you are testing.
a)
Independent
b)
Dependent
c)
Control
159.
The type of variable that responds to the experiment and is what you measure to determine if your hypothesis is true.
a)
Independent
b)
Dependent
c)
Control
160.

Groups of similar cells that work together.

a)

cell

b)

tissue

c)

organ

d)

organ system

e)

organism

161.
Which biomolecule is a main source of quick energy?
a)
Nucleic Acid
b)
Protein
c)
Lipid
d)
Carbohydrate
162.
Which biomolecule is found in fats, oils, and waxes and is a source of long-term energy? 
a)
Proteins
b)
Nucleic Acid
c)
Lipids
d)
Carbohydrate
163.
What is the function of a nucleic acid?
a)
Stores genetic information
b)
Stores energy
c)
Quick source of energy
d)
Builds structures
164.
Which biomolecule is made of nucleotides and contain you DNA?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipids
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
165.

Which biomolecule helps form muscles?

a)

Nucleic Acid

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Protein

d)

Lipids

166.
Which biomolecule is responsible for insulation and energy storage?
a)
Protein
b)
Nucleic Acid
c)
Lipid
d)
Carbohydrate
167.

Which type of cell DOES NOT have a nucleus?

a)

Prokaryotic

b)

Eukaryotic

168.

Which type of cell HAS a nucleus?

a)

Prokaryotic

b)

Eukaryotic

169.

Which type of cell is found in BACTERIA?

a)

Prokaryotic

b)

Eukaryotic

170.
During the lytic infection by a virus, the host cell is-
a)
destroyed
b)
copied
c)
passed on to the lysogenic cycle
d)
not affected
171.
Which best describes the basic structure of a virus?
a)
nucleic acid strand surrounded by a protein coat
b)
a tail surrounded by a protein coat
c)
a tail surrounded by a carbohydrate coat
d)
nucleic acid strand surrounded by a carbohydrate coat
172.
Which viral life cycle allows viral genetic material to lay dormant while the host cell reproduces?
a)
lytic
b)
mitosis
c)
lysogenic
d)
S phase
173.
What is shown here?
a)
Lysogenic Cycle
b)
Lytic Cycle
c)
Binary Fission
d)
Conjugation
174.
Provides extra support for the plant cell and gives in shape
a)
chlorophyll
b)
chloroplast
c)
cell wall
d)
vacuole
175.

Why do viruses have projections on the outside?

a)

To send signals to other viruses.

b)

To maintain their structure.

c)

To attach to the host cell.

d)

To reproduce.

176.

How does the circulatory system depend on the respiratory system in order to function?

a)

The respiratory system removes bacteria from the circulatory system.

b)

The respiratory system produces circulatory system cells.

c)

The respiratory system delivers oxygen to the circulatory system.

d)

The respiratory system provides protection to the circulatory system.

177.

This system regulates body functions by secreting hormones?

a)

Endocrine System

b)

Muscular System

c)

Cardiovascular System

d)

Nervous System

178.

Homeostasis for living organisms means...

a)

external environment stays the same when internal changes

b)

water diffuses through membrane by osmosis

c)

concentrations move from high to low

d)

internal environment stays the same when external changes

179.
Identify the phase of mitosis
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
180.
the uncontrolled division of cells that results in malignant growth 
a)
tissues
b)
cancer
c)
mitosis
d)
anaphase
181.
What phase of mitosis is shown in the picture?
a)
Prophase
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Metaphase
182.
What phase of mitosis is shown in the picture?
a)
Prophase
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Metaphase
183.

The picture above represents what happens after mitosis which is

a)

Interphase

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

Metaphase

d)

G1

184.

In which stage of the cell cycle does the DNA replicate?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

Mitosis

185.
The process where only water is allowed to pass through the cell membrane from a high to low concentration.
a)
meiosis
b)
respiration
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
186.
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
a)
Osmosis
b)
Respiration
c)
Diffusion
d)
Active Transport
187.

During osmosis

a)

water moves from high to low concentration

b)

large or oddly shaped molecules move across a cell membrane

c)

water moves when energy is used

d)

proteins are built

188.
Molecules diffusing with the concentration gradient through a protein channel is...
a)
Facilitated Diffusion
b)
Simple Diffusion
c)
Active Transport
d)
Osmosis
189.

Passive transport requires

a)

concentration gradients

b)

osmosis

c)

energy

d)

no energy

190.
In what part of the cell does photosynthesis occur?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Chloroplast
c)
Epidermis
d)
Vacuole
191.
Which statement about photosynthesis is correct?
a)
Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis from water.
b)
Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis from soil.
c)
Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis from sunlight.
d)
Plants do not require energy to perform photosynthesis.
192.
Please select who performs cellular respiration: 
a)
Animals 
b)
Both animals and plants 
c)
plants 
193.
Cellular respiration occurs in 
a)
chloroplasts 
b)
mitochondria
c)
golgi aparatus 
d)
thylakoid 
194.
This image is an example of ____________. 
a)
thigmotropism
b)
gravitropism
c)
phototropism
d)
photosynthesis
195.

What is the function of the stems?

a)

anchor plant to the soil

b)

provide support

c)

reproduce

196.

What is the function of the leaves?

a)

anchor plant to the soil

b)

provide support

c)

carry out photosynthesis

197.

what is the function of the roots?

a)

anchor plant

b)

reproduce

c)

photosynthesis

198.

Xylem carries _________ throughout the plant?

a)

nutrients, sugar

b)

water

199.

phloem carries _______ throughout the plant

a)

nutrients, sugar

b)

water

200.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
6CO2 + 6H2O --> 6O2 + C6H12O6
b)
6CO2 + C6H12O6 + 6H2O --> O2 
c)
6O2 + 6H2O --> 6CO2 + C6H12O6
d)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6H2O + 6CO2 
201.

DNA replication

a)

makes an exact copy of DNA

b)

makes a different DNA molecule

c)

makes a protein

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