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Biology EOC Evolution

Total questions: 130

Worksheet time: 3hrs 36mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

All dogs have the common ancestor, the wolf. This is an example of -

a)

divergent evolution

b)

convergent evolution

2.

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?

a)

the wings of a red-tailed hawk

b)

the hind limbs of a house cat

c)

the fins of sharks

d)

the wings of an ostrich

3.

Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures. These are known as

a)

vestigial structures

b)

analogous structures

c)

homologous structures

d)

fossil structures

4.

Two organisms that are closely related would have

a)

very similar DNA sequences

b)

exactly the same DNA sequences

c)

no proteins in common

d)

completely different DNA sequences

5.

The hind leg bones in a whale are examples of

a)

homologous structures

b)

analogous structures

c)

fossils

d)

vestigial structures

6.

Remains of ancient organisms are called

a)

Extinctions

b)

Fossils

c)

Mutations

d)

Variations

7.

Darwin’s finches is an example of this type of evolution.

a)

Divergent

b)

Coevolution

c)

Convergent

d)

Artificial

8.

Wings of a bat and wings of an insect are examples of this...

a)

Homologous Structure

b)

Analogous Structure

c)

Vestigial Structure

d)

None of the above

9.

What does it mean when organisms share a common ancestor?

a)

They evolved from one species that lived in the past

b)

They are the same species

c)

The organisms have exactly the same traits

d)

The organisms are very different from one another

10.
If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n)
a)
close relative
b)
early ancestor
c)
unrelated organism
d)
embryological stage
11.

Evolution is a THEORY and is subject to change if new evidence is found.

a)

True

b)

False

12.

Using the CLADOGRAM, which letters represent the closest in evolution?

a)

A and B

b)

B and E

c)

C and D

d)

C and E

13.

Male birds of paradise have extremely long, showy tail feathers. Which of the following statements best describes a selective advantage for having this trait?

a)

The bird attracts more females and therefore mates more frequently.

b)

The bird is easier for predators to spot.

14.

In this image, the yellow shaded bones all appear similar in structure. However, their functions differ. Which describes the function of the yellow bones in the bat?

a)

Fingers to grasp objects

b)

Leg to walk on

c)

Wing for flying

d)

Fin for swimming

15.

In this image, the yellow shaded bones all appear similar in structure. However, their functions differ. Which describes the function of the white bones in the whale?

a)

Fingers for grasping objects

b)

Legs for walking

c)

Wings for flying

d)

Fins for swimming

16.

A category of structures that have a similar function, but are structurally different.

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

d)

Common core structures

17.

What type of structure does this image illustrate?

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

18.

Select all that apply to the image displayed.

a)

Has wings

b)

Has feathers

c)

Has bones

d)

Can fly

e)

An example of analogous structures

19.

What are the most important characteristics of analogous structures?

a)

Structures that perform the same function

b)

Structurally different

c)

Structurally the same

d)

Structures that perform different functions

20.

A type of structure that is physically present, but does not seem to serve a significant function for an organism.

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

Standard structure

21.

The appendix, tailbone, and wisdom teeth are all examples of what type of structure in humans?

a)

Homologous

b)

Analogous

c)

Vestigial

d)

Modern

22.

Observe the two fish in the image. The cave fish and minnow are genetically related to each other and are similar in many ways. The cave fish lives very deep in the ocean where there is no light. It has only the remnants of eyes and is blind. Minnows live in shallow waters where the water has light. Their eyesight is important for their survival. Which statement below best describes these two fish?

a)

The DNA of the cave fish has changed over time to differ from the minnow. Since there is no light where the cave fish lives, it was not necessary to have working eyes. Over time, mutations occurred which proved to improve the survival of the cave fish, which is why they are now blind and have only physical remnants of eyes.

b)

The DNA has not mutated over time and despite all of the evidence that suggests these two are genetically similar, one has eyes and the other does not so they must not be related.

c)

Cave fish must have been attacked by predators, which is why they only have the remnants of eyes.

23.

Does the presence of homologous structures in genetically different animals suggest common ancestry?

a)

Yes

b)

No

24.

Scientists have found evidence that about 2.4 million years ago, a gene regulating jaw muscles mutated and may have led to the more graceful human jaw we see today. The diagram below shows the skulls of 3 hominid species. Which statement below most closely explains the link between jaw size and hominid evolution?

a)

The jaws of hominids evolved to be smaller and less protruding over time, as did the skull.

b)

The jaws of hominids evolved to be larger and more protruding over time.

c)

There appears to be no change in the jaws of hominids over time.

d)

The jaws of hominids changed over time due to a change in brain size.

25.

Based on the illustration to the right, what do the similarities between human and chimpanzee hands and feet suggest about the different organisms?

a)

Chimpanzees and humans both have hands and feet adapted for walking upright, showing they have identical DNA.

b)

Chimpanzees and humans both have similar hands for grasping, proving they make and use complex tools.

c)

Humans and chimpanzees both developed five digits on their hands and feet, suggesting they have a common ancestor.

d)

Humans and chimpanzees both have thumbs, proving they eat similar foods like meat, nuts, and vegetation.

26.

How is the scientific theory of evolution supported by the comparison of the skulls and skeletons of modern humans and extinct hominids?

a)

By making the hip, spine, and skull comparisons, the age of different hominid specimens can be determined.

b)

Comparison of skull and skeletons provides evidence that humans and different hominid species interacted.

c)

Similarity in skull shapes, hands, and hips between extinct hominids and humans supports a common ancestry.

d)

Skull and skeleton comparisons can explain why hominids were inferior and became extinct while humans evolved.

27.

The ability to walk upright on two legs is called:

a)

bipedalism

b)

quadropedalism

c)

bicyclepedalism

d)

tripedalism

28.
Which of the following correctly summarizes the physical changes that early humans went through over the past million years or so?
a)
Brain size increased as jaw size decreased
b)
Brain size decreased as jaw size increased
c)
Bipedalism increased as use of tools increased
d)
Bipedalism decreased as the use of tools increased
29.

Humans breed dogs for certain traits. What is this practice called?

a)

variation

b)

adaptation

c)

natural selection

d)

artificial selection

30.

Which of these descriptions is an example of an unused body structure?

a)

a bat’s wing that enables it to fly

b)

the tiny leg bones found in snakes that have no legs

c)

the front legs of a dog that supports its weight as it walks and runs

d)

the tentacles of an octopus that aid it in movement and catching prey

31.

What is artificial selection?

a)

Humans breed organisms for certain characteristics.

b)

Individuals that are better adapted to their environment.

c)

Inherited traits in a population change over generations.

d)

Charles Darwin noted the differences among finches.

32.

Which of the following best describes the tiny legs whales have?

a)

structures that grow and improve in function as they are used

b)

structures that function at certain times of the year

c)

structures that will become adaptations when the environment changes

d)

structures that have lost all or most of their function over time

33.

What type of evidence was most likely used to reach the conclusion that species with similar DNA are closely related?

a)

fossil evidence

b)

structural evidence

c)

genetic evidence

d)

evidence from developmental patterns

34.

Which of these answers correctly pairs a scientific discovery with the type of evidence for evolution that it represents

a)

DNA comparison, embryological evidence

b)

fossilized bones, genetic evidence

c)

unused hind limbs, structural evidence

d)

developmental patterns, fossil evidence

35.

Which of these answers best describes the relationship between a human's forearm and a bat's wing?

a)

similar physical structures with similar functions

b)

different physical structures with similar functions

c)

similar physical structures with different functions

d)

different physical structures with different functions

36.

The accumulation of heritable changes experienced by organisms and populations to adapt to variations in the environment and survive is known as:

a)

None of the above.

b)

Speciation.

c)

Biodiversity.

d)

Adaptation.

37.
You look at two species and see very similar DNA. What does this likely tell you?
a)
These are the same animal.
b)
These animals have a common ancestor.
c)
These animals are not likely related.
d)
These animals are likely becoming one species.
38.
Horse breeding for specific desired traits is an example of which type of evolutionary evidence?
a)
Artificial selection
b)
Embryology
c)
Fossils
d)
Biochemical molecules
39.

____ is when members of a species that are best suited for their environment survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other members of the species.

a)

natural selection

b)

artificial selection

c)

speciation

d)

adaptation

40.
The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called
a)
theories
b)
variations
c)
adaptations
d)
genes
41.

In a cold environment what would be some adaptive traits? Sellect all that apply.

a)

thick blubber

b)

thick fur

c)

thin fur

d)

strong muscles

42.
Survival of the Fittest and Evolution were proposed by what scientist?
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Albert Einstein
c)
Steven Hawking
d)
Isaac Newton
43.

The figure shows how natural selection of a single-trait gene affects lizard survival.

Which of the following most likely causes the changes in allele distribution?

a)

The allele for light gray coloration disappears from the population. This may be because light gray lizards are more visible to predators and therefore they might be less likely to survive and reproduce.

b)

The allele for black coloration decreases fitness and becomes less common. This may be because black coloration keeps the lizards cool during hot summer temperatures.

c)

Medium gray coloration in lizards appears to be a neutral mutant allele that allows the lizards to hide better from predators. This leads to increases in phenotype and allele frequency of gray coloration.

d)

Because black and medium gray lizards are less visible to predators, these alleles are neutral to natural selection and therefore will not disappear from the population of lizards.

44.
Predict which moth would increase in population
a)
light 
b)
dark
45.

What is this an example of?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial organs

d)

Functional adaption

46.
Which species’ DNA is most similar to the DNA of the toothed whale? 
a)
Hippopotamus 
b)
Baleen Whale
c)
Grazing Mammals
d)
Camels
47.
According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to: 
a)
Species I
b)
Species II
c)
Species III
d)
Species IV
48.

What conclusions can be made based on this table shown?

a)

the American black bear and the giant panda are most closely related

b)

the giant panda and the red panda are most closely related

c)

the red panda and the racoon are the most closely related

d)

the giant panda and the racoon are most closely related

49.

A scientist compares DNA taken from four different living species. Which of the following statements is true?

a)

Species X evolved from Species Y.

b)

Species A and Z share a recent common ancestor.

c)

Species A and Species Y are the same.

d)

Species Y and Species Z can interbreed.

50.
__________ enable an organism to survive in its environment.
a)
adaptations
b)
natural selections
c)
divergence
d)
extinctions
51.

When looking at two birds of the same species, you notice that one has darker feathers than the other one. You also notice that one has a beak that is just a little longer. These slight differences within members of the same species are called.....

a)

Fossils

b)

Extinction

c)

Meiosis

d)

Variations

52.
Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce:
a)
Fewer mutations
b)
Stronger genes
c)
More offspring
d)
Better traits
53.

Which term means that only the best suited organisms will survive and reproduce?

a)

geographic isolation

b)

extinction

c)

natural selection

d)

evolution

54.

Structures are similar in function but not in anatomical structure

a)

Vestigial

b)

Homologous

c)

Analogous Structures

d)

Embryonic

55.

Which process of evolution is demonstrated below?

a)

Comparative anatomy

b)

Homologous structures

c)

Comparative embryology

d)

Vestigial structures

56.

What type of evidence of evolution is being demonstrated?

a)

Fossil record

b)

Vestigial structures

c)

Homologous structures

d)

Comparative DNA

57.

According to this data, the unknown species is most closely related to ...

a)

Species I

b)

Species II

c)

Species III

d)

Species IV

58.

The human gene for muscle protein differs from the muscle protein in monkeys in 4 places. It differs from chickens in 25 places. According to this information, which organism is more closely related to humans?

a)

Monkeys are more closely related because their proteins have fewer differences.

b)

Chickens are closer to humans because there are more genes.

c)

Monkeys are closer to humans because they both have the exact same genes.

d)

Neither organism is related to humans.

59.

The large ground finch obtains food by cracking seeds. Its short, strong beak is an example of

a)

a vestigial structure

b)

an analogous structure

c)

an adaptation

d)

a mutation

60.

Charles Darwin traveled to the Galapagos Islands and studied a variety of species including tortoises, finches, and mockingbirds. Which type of evidence was he NOT able to use to form and support his theory?

a)

DNA (Biochemistry) evidence

b)

Comparative Anatomy

c)

Biogeography (where organisms live)

d)

Fossil evidence

61.
Darwin's observations of finches on the Galapagos Islands is a classic example used in the study of evolution. Through his observations, Darwin wondered about the changes in shape of bird beaks from island to island. One type of finch he called the cactus finch had longer, more pointed beaks than other finches he observed who primarily fed off the ground. Beaks of yet another type of finch were thinner and more pointed. What type of support do Darwin’s famous Galapagos Finches offer to the theory of evolution?
a)

A. comparative embryology

b)

B. molecular biology

c)

C. biogeography

d)

D. fossil records

62.
The diagram below shows undisturbed sedimentary strata at the bottom of the ocean. The fossils found in layer B resemble the fossils found in layer A. What does this similarity suggest?
a)

A. That invertebrate fossils are only found in sediments.

b)

B. That modern forms of life may have evolved from earlier forms of life.

c)

C. The fossils formed in layer B were formed before the fossils found in layer A.

d)

D. The fossils found in layer A must be more complex than those found in layer B

63.
The diagram shows different vertebrate embryos. Which conclusion is supported by the diagram?
a)

A. Pigs evolved from reptiles.

b)

B. Reptiles evolved from birds.

c)

C. These organisms occupy the same niche.

d)

D. These organisms share a common ancestor.

64.
Which of the following was NOT a part of Darwin's theory of evolution?
a)

A. the idea that organisms change over time

b)

B. the idea that organisms share common ancestors

c)

C. the idea that organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce

d)

D. the idea that organisms pass on acquired characteristics during their lifetime to offspring

65.
The yellow-bellied three-toed skink, a lizard species from Australia, can either lay eggs or give live birth. Skinks living near the mild coastal climates lay eggs, while skinks from the harsh mountain climates are now being observed to give live births. What evidence would future scientists look for to suggest that coastal skinks and mountain skinks have evolved into separate species?
a)

A. Mountain skinks will migrate to milder climates.

b)

B. Coastal skinks will give live birth more frequently.

c)

C. Coastal skinks will no longer mate with mountain skinks.

d)

D. Mountain skinks will outcompete coastal skinks to extinction.

66.
Which statement cannot be supported with evidence from fossil records?
a)

A. Fossils can provide evidence about the behaviors of organisms.

b)

B. Fossils can provide evidence about the creation of planet Earth.

c)

C. Fossils can provide evidence about the types of organisms that lived in the past.

d)

D. Fossils can provide evidence about ancient climates and environmental conditions.

67.
The diagram below shows the evolution of whales. Which statement regarding whale evolution is supported by the information in the diagram?
a)

A. Modern whales have larger bones in the hind legs.

b)

B. Whales evolved before animals with two pairs of legs.

c)

C. Ancient whales had larger brains than modern whales.

d)

D. Whales evolved from animals that had two pairs of legs.

68.
The table shows information about different kinds of modified leaves. Which statement best explains how the information in the table supports the theory of evolution?
a)

A. The table provides evidence that some species are more fit than others.

b)

B. The table provides evidence that a single structure can develop diverse forms.

c)

C. The table provides evidence that a species has become more diverse over time.

d)

D. The table provides evidence that plant structures develop from similar embryos.

69.
Fossils of canines were found on opposite sides of a mountain range. The fossils are from species that are similar but not identical. These fossils were very similar, although the climates and regions were extremely different on each side of the range. These fossils provide evidence for the theory of evolution. What does the similarity of the fossils exemplify?
a)

A. coevolution

b)

B. biogeography

c)

C. vestigial structures

d)

D. analogous structures

70.
When Charles Darwin explored the Galapagos Islands off the coast of South America, he noticed that each island was home to a different species of giant tortoise, recognizable by the shape of its shell. This observation was a key piece of evidence upon which he based his theory of evolution. Which statement best explains this phenomenon?
a)

A. The different species of giant tortoise were dispersed randomly on each island as a result of genetic drift.

b)

B. The different species of giant tortoise were a product of Lamarkian evolution and developed adaptations as a result.

c)

C. The different species of giant tortoise were descended from South American giant tortoises with developed adaptations.

d)

D. The different species of giant tortoise were originally located on the mainland with specific physical traits for particular

e)

habitats.

71.
Which of these is NOT a source of evidence used to support the current theory of evolution?
a)

A. embryological similarities

b)

B. newly discovered fossils

c)

C. comparative anatomy

d)

D. learned behaviors

72.
The chart below lists certain physical characteristics comparing a spider and a shrimp. Based on this chart, what can be determined concerning these two organisms?
a)

A. Both organisms have the same diet.

b)

B. Both organisms live in a marine environment.

c)

C. Both organisms are able to breed with each other.

d)

D. Both organisms evolved from a common ancestor.

73.
Based on comparative anatomy, which structure would be homologous to the arm of a human?
a)
A. leg of a bird
b)
B. wing of a bat
c)
C. sternum of a horse
d)
D. foot of a chimpanzee
74.

Which of the following is the correct definition of natural selection?

a)

The idea that organisms less equipped for their environment tend to survive longer

b)

The idea that organisms more well equipped for their environment tend to survive longer

c)

The idea that organisms more well equipped for their environment tend to not survive

d)

None.

75.

Which of the following represents genetic drift?

a)

b)

c)

d)

76.

Which of the following represents migration?

a)

b)

c)

d)

77.

Which of the following represents gene flow?

a)

b)

c)

d)

78.

Match the following

a)

the movement of genes into or out of a population

1.

Gene Flow

b)

Random chance; small population

2.

Genetic Drift

c)

A sudden change in one or more characteristics due to a change in a gene

3.

Mutation

d)

Occurs due to physical difference as a result of a genetic difference

4.

Non-Random Mating

e)

The movement of organisms from one place to another

5.

Migration

79.

Which of the following best describes what the image represents?

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Artificial Selection

c)

Mutation

d)

Genetic Drift

80.

Which of the following does not show genetic drift?

a)

b)

c)

d)

81.

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

a)

Gorillas are in the wild and have a baby gorilla.

b)

A group of ants in an ant pile are exterminated by an exterminator.

c)

A black speckled rabbit is a new favorite among children, a white and black rabbit are picked to make black and white baby bunnies.

d)

Wolves in the wild have pups.

82.

White tigers are becoming extinct, to overcome this a male and female white tiger are paired together in captivity to help their population continue to grow. This is an example of:

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Gene Flow

c)

Artificial Selection

d)

Genetic Drift

83.

Blue catfish are going extinct. A dam in a lake full of blue catfish bursts due to poor engineering and kills some of the blue catfish. This is an example of:

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Gene Flow

c)

Mutation

d)

Genetic Drift

84.

Green rhinocerous beetles are some of the biggest beetles to exist on Earth. A green rhinocerous beetle leaves its group and wonders over to another group that only has red rhinocerous beetles and mates with the red beetles. This is an example of:

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Genetic Drift

c)

Mutation

d)

Migration

85.

Match the following

a)

Extinction

1.

When ALL members of a species die

b)

Homologous Structure

2.

Traits similar in two different species

c)

Vestigial structure

3.

Leftover traits that no longer have a purpose

86.

Whales and dolphins both descended from a dog-like creature. What would we call the dog-like creature?

a)

Great-Grandparent species

b)

Old Species

c)

A common ancestor

d)

A common descendant

87.

In the phrase "survival of the fittest," the term "fittest" refers to:

a)

The best-adapted organisms

b)

The biggest organisms

c)

The smartest organisms

d)

The fastest organisms

88.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
89.

When nature "selects" a variation, that means that the trait:

a)

Gets passed along from generation to generation

b)

Causes the population to shrink

c)

Has brought about a new species

d)

Helps prey escape predators

90.

What word describes a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment?

a)

natural selection

b)

mutation

c)

camouflage

d)

adaptation

91.

Mutations are a change in what?

a)

DNA

b)

tRNA

c)

protein

d)

rRNA

92.
The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called
a)
genes.
b)
variations.
c)
traits.
d)
theories.
93.

If a new trait DOES help an organism survive, what may happen to it?

a)

It dies and its DNA is not passed on

b)

It survives and its DNA is passed on

c)

It changes its traits to adapt and survive

94.

According to natural selection, light colored tree trunks would favor

a)

light colored moths

b)

dark colored moths

c)

red colored moths

d)

red and light colored moths

95.

Genetic diversity in a species makes long term survival of some members

a)

impossible

b)

improvable

c)

more likely

d)

less likely

96.

Natural Selection is driven by a change in the environment and survival of the

a)

Earth

b)

Fastest

c)

Fittest

d)

Biggest

97.

All the possible gene combinations in a population.

a)

allele

b)

gene pool

c)

genome

d)

mitosis

98.

The frequency that single genes (alleles) for a trait appear in a population.

a)

Genome

b)

Gene frequency

c)

Genetic Drift

d)

Population Frequency

99.

Changes in the gene pool over time.

a)

Mitosis

b)

Genetic Variation

c)

Gene Pool

d)

Genetic Drift

100.

Organisms of the same species can no longer interbreed therefore creating two species.

a)

Gene Pool

b)

Genetic Drift

c)

Gene Frequency

d)

Speciation

101.
Theodosius Dobzhansky discovered that successful species tend to have a wide variety of genes that do not appear to be useful to the species in its present environment. What did this discovery help explain about genetics and the changes that occur in a species over time?
a)
Environments with more organisms tend to have more successful species.
b)
Species with greater genetic diversity adapt more easily to changing environments.
c)
 Changing environments prevent species from adapting and surviving.
d)
 Species in a stable environment are more resistant to a changing environment.
102.
 According to fossil records, the horses that lived 50 million years ago were much smaller, weaker and slower than modern horses. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have led to the increased size, strength, and speed in horses?
a)
commensalism
b)
 inbreeding
c)
migration 
d)
evolution by natural selection
103.
Survival of at least a few members of a population after a major environmental change is most dependent on
a)
the population having an individual that is adapted to the original environment
b)
the population having an individual that is adapted to great changes in the temperature in its environment
c)
variations in many different traits in many individuals in the population
d)
no variations in the color of the fur, skin, or feathers of the individuals in the population
104.
Which of the following best illustrates natural selection?
a)
An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully. 
b)
A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.
c)
A community whose members work together utilizing all existing resources and migratory routes.
d)
The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.
105.
Mutations within a DNA sequence are
a)
natural processes that produce genetic diversity
b)
natural processes that always affect the phenotype
c)
unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
d)
unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
106.
Over time, the climate of an island became drier, which resulted in changes to the populations of various island finch species. Finch populations with a certain beak shape thrived, while those not having that beak shape decreased. Which of the following describes a necessary condition for these changes in the finch populations to occur?
a)
fewer mutations
b)
limited food resources
c)
limited beak variations
d)
overproduction of offspring
107.

Evolution toward different traits in related species.

This occurs when related species adapt to different environment.

a)
1.

Convergent evolution

b)
2.

Divergent evolution

c)
3.

Coevolution

108.

Hominid evolution, or the evolution of bipedal primates has been characterized by various trends over the last 7 million years. Place the trends in their correct column.

a)forehead size
b)canine teeth size
c)jaw size
d)use of language
e)cranial capacity
f)brain size
g)tool making ability
h)browridge size
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
109.

Reorder the following hominid fossils from from most primitive (old) to modern (new)

a)
b)
c)
1)
2)
3)
110.

Reorder the following hominid fossils from from most primitive (old) to modern (new)

a)
b)
c)
1)
2)
3)
111.

Reorder the following hominid fossils from from most primitive (old) to modern (new)

a)
b)
c)
1)
2)
3)
112.

Reorder the following trends in hominid evolution

a)

bipedalism

b)

increased in cranial capacity

c)

ability to use language and tools

1)
2)
3)
113.

A human arm and a whale fin have similar bone structure but the whale fin is used for swimming and the arm is used for reaching and grabbing. What type of structures are these? ​ (a)   s?

A bat wing and a butterfly wing are both used for flying but they are made differently. What type of structure is this? ​ (b)  

When comparing the DNA of two different organisms, the more differences in the DNA base pairs the more ​ (c)   they are.

A ​ (d)   has apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor. Examples include the human appendix, the pelvic bone of a snake, and the wings of flightless birds.

Similarities in homologous structures and embryonic development can be used to infer ​

Choose from the below words
homologous structures
analogous structures
distanly related
vestigial structure
fossil structures
closely related
114.

Evolution is the process by which species changes over time. There are several ideas proposed to explain how such changes occur.

a)

Evolution toward similar traits in unrelated species.

This occurs when unrelated species adapt to similar environment.

1.

Convergent evolution

b)

Evolution toward different traits in related species.

This occurs when related species adapt to different environment.

2.

Divergent evolution

c)

Evolution where two or more species change in close association with each other.

3.

Coevolution

115.

Match the following

a)

Analogous Structure

1.

Same function but different structure (wings of a buttrfly and a bird)

b)

Homologous Structure

2.

Same structure different function (a whale fin and a human arm)

c)

Comparative Embryology

3.

Comparing embryological development of different species

d)

Molecular biology

4.

Comparing DNA and amino acid sequences of different species

e)

Vestigial Structures

5.

Structures remaining in the body of an organism that no longer have a function (whale hip)

116.

Evolution is the process by which species changes over time. There are several ideas proposed to explain how such changes occur.

a)

A shark is a fish, a dolphin is a mammal, they have a very distant common ancestor. However, they have evolved very similar body types to swim in the ocean.

1.

Convergent evolution

b)

All species of Galapagos finches descended from a recent common ancestor. As they colonized different islands, they developed different physical traits.

2.

Divergent evolution

c)

The shape of the of the flower and the beak of the Hawaiian honeycreeper fit precisely.

The bird can draw nectar more efficiently than the other bird species. During nectar feeding most honeycreepers provide pollination service.

3.

Coevolution

117.

what can be concluded about the jaw size and brain size of hominids as they evolve?

a)

The jaw size decreased while the brain size increased

b)

The jaw size increased while the brain size decreased

c)

Both jaw size and brain size increased

d)

Both jaw size and brain decreased

118.

Species in the family that includes humans, but not great apes are called hominids. The first hominids appeared between 6 and 7 million years ago. Since then, several species of hominids have evolved. As the brain size of hominids increased, which of the following also occurred?

a)

The teeth became larger

b)

The browridges became smaller

c)

The jaws became larger

d)

The pelvis became narrower

119.

Modern humans are classified as hominids. Several other hominid species evolved and died out in the past. Which of the following occurred last in hominid evolution?

a)

The development to walk upright

b)

an increased in the size of the brain

c)

The development of spoken language

d)

a decreased in size of teeth and jaw

120.

What type of evidence is represented in the picture above:

a)

Analogous structures

b)

DNA

c)

Vestigial structures

d)

Homologous structures

121.

According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to:

a)

Species I

b)

Species II

c)

Species III

d)

Species IV

122.

Humans belong to the hominid group, most of which are now extinct. One of the earliest hominids was Australopithecus afarensis. The bones of this species suggest that it walked upright on two legs (bipedalism) and had a brain about the size of a modern chimpanzee. What inference can be made from this observation?

a)

Australopithecus afarensis had a large brain and made tools

b)

Bipedalism evolved before hominid cranial capacity increased

c)

The ability to make tools evolved along with bipedalism

d)

Australopithecus afarensis was about as tall as later hominids

123.

For many years, whole or fragmented hominid skulls have been excavated. Some of these skulls date from as early as 6 million years ago.  By comparing these skulls with other archeological findings, scientists are able to determine when major accomplishments were successfully achieved.  Which of the following statements correctly states the evolutionary progression of hominids?

a)

Hominids first developed tools, then language. The brain increased in size.

b)

Hominids first developed language, then tools for farming.  The size of the brain increased.

c)

Hominids first developed language, then tools.  Brain size decreased.

d)

Hominids first developed tools, then language. The brain got smaller.

124.

Which of the following statements makes an accurate correlation between stages of hominid evolution?

a)

The brain increased in size which resulted in hominids developing tools.

b)

The brain decreased in size allowing for hominids to use tools.

c)

As the brain decreased in size the skull increased in size.

d)

Language developed as a result of increasing the size of the skull.

125.

The illustrations below represent different stages of hominid skull evolution.

What is the correct order of the evolution of the skull beginning with the earliest example?

a)

D,C,B,A

b)

C,A,D,B

c)

A,C,B,D

d)

B,D,A,C

126.

Many changes have occurred throughout hominid evolution. Modern humans have traits and abilities that were not apparent in their ancestors six million years ago. What is the correct progression of hominid development?

a)

The size of the brain did not begin to change until after language evolved.

b)

The brain grew larger as language began to develop.

c)

The manufacture of tools did not occur until after language surfaced.

d)

The jaw bone grew larger as the brain grew larger.

127.

Scientists have found evidence that about 2.4 million years ago a gene regulating jaw muscles mutated and may have led to the more graceful human jaw we see today. The diagram below shows the skulls of 3 hominid species.

Which statement below most closely explains the link between jaw size and hominid evolution? 

a)

The jaws of hominids changed over time due to a change in brain size. 

b)

There appears to be no change in the jaws of hominids over time.

c)

The jaws of hominids evolved to be larger and more protruding over time. 

d)

The jaws of hominids evolved to be smaller and less protruding over time. 

128.

What advantage did the development of bipedalism most likely confer to early hominids?

a)

It allowed them to evolve a complex social structure

b)

It allowed them to move and hold objects at the same time

c)

It allowed them to evolve an opposable thumb

d)

It allowed them to see with binocular vision

129.
Nature has a way of causing organisms that inherit advantageous traits to survive and reproduce more successfully than the ones that don't. This process is known as...
a)
natural selection
b)
genetic variation
c)
adaptation
d)
overproduction
130.
What is another name for natural selection?
a)
survival of the smartest
b)
survival of the fastest
c)
survival of the biggest
d)
survival of the fittest

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