NEW
Font size
WorksheetsResearch Methods ch1
Total questions: 67
Worksheet time: 34mins
What does it mean when research is described as systematic?
It is based on personal opinions
It is based on random methods
There are specific steps to follow
It is kept secret and confidential
What is the nature of research that is based upon evidence?
Systematic
Logical
Empirical
Reductive
What does empirical evidence consist of in research?
Hypotheses and theories
Data
Personal experiences
Philosophical reasoning
What does it mean when research is described as replicable?
The results are always the same
The procedure is precisely recorded so others can repeat the process
The research is published in multiple journals
The research can be done without any equipment
What aspect of research involves analyzing data for relationships?
Systematic
Logical
Empirical
Reductive
What should you identify first when starting a research project?
The abstract of related articles
The limitations and recommendations
A topic that is of interest to you
The Methods, Results, and Discussion sections
After identifying a topic of interest, what is the next step in starting a research project?
Read the tables
Check the limitations and recommendations
Read the abstract first
Find related articles using the Sports Discuss search engine
When reviewing related articles, which section should you read first?
The Methods section
The abstract
The Discussion section
The tables
Which sections of a research article should you read after the abstract?
The introduction and conclusion
The Methods, Results, and Discussion sections
The limitations and recommendations
The bibliography
What should you check in a research article to understand its constraints and suggestions for future research?
The abstract and introduction
The Methods and Results sections
The tables and figures
The limitations and recommendations
What is the purpose of the Introduction in a research paper?
To define the problem
To present the findings
To analyze the data
To summarize prior studies
What should the Review of Literature include?
A description of the measuring instruments
A rationale for the findings
Summaries of prior studies related to the problem
A presentation of the findings
What is required for the Method section of a research paper to be considered systematic?
It should involve charts and tables
It should define the problem
It should be precise and allow another person to duplicate the study
It should provide a rationale for the findings
What does the Results section of a research paper typically include?
A summary of prior studies
The problem definition
Charts and/or tables presenting the findings
The participants' selection process
What is the main focus of the Discussion and Conclusions section in a research paper?
To define the problem
To summarize prior studies
To analyze the findings and compare them with previous studies
To describe the method used to gather data
Where is basic experimental research normally conducted?
In the field
In a laboratory
At home
In a library
What does basic experimental research frequently use?
Plants
Chemicals
Animals
Computers
Compared to applied research, the variables in basic experimental research are:
Less controlled
Equally controlled
More tightly controlled
Not controlled
What kind of results does basic experimental research typically produce?
Less reliable results
More generalizable results
Results that are difficult to replicate
Results that are specific to one case
What was the diet of the rats in group one of the basic experimental research?
Fasted two days a week
Unlimited food
Normal diet
No food at all
What were the results for the rats in group one after a week of treatment?
They lived shorter lives
They showed no significant changes
They lived longer and had healthier measures
They became more aggressive
For how many weeks did Group one perform aerobic dance in the Applied Experimental Research study?
6 weeks
9 weeks
12 weeks
15 weeks
What was the overall change in body fat percentage for the control group in the study?
Reduction of 21 mm
Reduction of 25 mm
Gain of 8 mm
No change
Which statement best describes the results of the Applied Experimental Research study?
Aerobic dance and jogging did not affect body fat.
Only aerobic dance was effective in reducing body fat.
Both aerobic dance and jogging were effective treatments to reduce body fat, with no significant differences between the two.
Jogging was more effective than aerobic dance in reducing body fat.
Why might the Aerobic and Jogging groups have exercised outside of class according to the text?
They were unaware of the upcoming tests.
They wanted to improve their nutrition.
They knew they were going to be post-tested.
They preferred exercising in a different environment.
What could have affected the Control group's attitude according to the document?
Lack of information about the other groups.
Knowledge about the other groups.
Disinterest in the study.
Preference for different testing methods.
What issue is raised about the composition of the three groups?
The groups had members of different ages.
The groups were composed of participants from various studies.
The groups may not have been equivalent.
The groups had an equal number of participants.
What could have been a problem with the testers in the study?
All testers used the same methods.
Different testers may have used different methods to measure body fat.
Testers were not trained properly.
Testers were biased towards one group.
Why might participants in the Aerobic and Jogging groups have overperformed?
They were less interested in the study.
They had a perceived reward or affinity for the researcher.
They were under the impression that they would be under-tested.
They were competing against each other.
What is the purpose of descriptive research?
To predict the status of a phenomenon in the future
To determine the status of a phenomenon
To explain why a phenomenon occurs
To create a new phenomenon
Which of the following is NOT a method used in descriptive research?
Questionnaires
Interviews
Experimental manipulation
Normative standards (based on test performance)
What does a case study report?
The historical background of a subject
The status of an individual or community at one moment or over a period of time
The financial aspects of a company
The theoretical concepts in a field of study
What is the goal of quantitative research?
To identify themes/constructs
To find statistical significance
To analyze field notes
To answer open-ended interview questions
Which of the following is characteristic of qualitative research?
Questionnaire
Times on the mile run
Statistics driven
Analysis of field notes
What type of data collection is associated with quantitative research?
Answers to open-ended interview questions
Analysis of field notes
Questionnaire
Goal is to identify themes/constructs
What is the goal of qualitative research?
To find statistical significance
To answer open-ended interview questions
To identify themes/constructs
Questionnaire
What is the primary purpose of correlation studies?
To predict the outcome of one variable based on another
To determine the relationship between two or more variables
To establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables
To compare different groups of individuals
Which of the following is an example of variables that might be compared in correlation studies to assess fitness levels?
Resting heart rate and VO2 max
Number of hours slept and number of meals per day
Height of an individual and the color of their clothing
The brand of sports equipment used and the price
What could be a potential variable to study in relation to the number of push-ups a person can do?
1 rep max bench press/body weight
Favorite type of music
Favorite color
Number of books read per year
Which pair of variables might be studied to understand the relationship between exercise habits and endurance?
Pacer laps and mile run time
Weekly grocery expenses and academic grades
Type of car driven and number of vacations taken
Number of social media accounts and hours of TV watched
What might be an interesting variable to study in correlation with weekly hours watching TV?
Fitness level
Number of pets owned
Type of phone used
Favorite genre of books
Which of the following is an example of cause and effect?
Taller children are better basketball players in elementary school.
Jamie is a tall basketball player.
Jamie is probably a better than average basketball player.
All men are mortal; the emperor is a man; therefore the emperor must be mortal.
What is the example provided in the image that illustrates a correlation?
All men are mortal; the emperor is a man; therefore the emperor must be mortal.
Jamie is a tall basketball player.
Jamie is probably a better than average basketball player.
Taller children are better basketball players in elementary school.
What is an example of a cause/effect relationship?
Classes with elementary PE specialists tend to have higher levels of active learning times.
School A has a higher than average percentage of physical activity time during classes than School B.
All WNBA players are women, and Cheryl Stoops is a WNBA player, therefore Cheryl Stoops must be a woman.
School A has an elementary PE specialist, and School B has classroom teachers teach PE.
Which of the following is an example of a correlation (relational)?
All WNBA players are women, and Cheryl Stoops is a WNBA player, therefore Cheryl Stoops must be a woman.
Classes with elementary PE specialists tend to have higher levels of active learning times (ALT) in their classes than non PE specialists.
School A has an elementary PE specialist.
School B has classroom teachers teach PE.
What is an independent variable in research?
The outcome of the treatment
The treatment itself that the researcher is manipulating
The number of participants in the study
The location where the study is conducted
What is a dependent variable in research?
The variable that is being controlled by the researcher
The variable that remains constant throughout the study
The outcome of the treatment
The hypothesis being tested
Which of the following is an example of an independent variable?
Fitness scores
Blood measures
Completing an exercise program
Number of shots made
Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?
Music
Pedometer steps
PACER laps
Eating a particular diet
What does the term "Hypotheses" refer to in research terminology?
The actual results of a study
The expected result of a study
A type of statistical test
The process of collecting data
What is meant by "Internal validity" in the context of research?
The extent to which the results can be applied to the general population
The reliability of the measuring instrument
Whether other factors during the data collection period impacted the results
The ethical considerations of the research
What does "External validity" refer to in research terminology?
The accuracy of the data collection methods
The extent to which the results are generalizable to the real world
The consistency of the results across different studies
The transparency of the research findings
What is a characteristic of quantitative research?
Anecdotal notes based on observations
Interviews and personal notes
Strict controls and numerical data
Examining trends and themes
Which of the following is an example of data used in quantitative research?
Personal interviews
Anecdotal observations
Fitness test scores
Themes and constructs
What does qualitative research typically involve?
Tests of significance and numerical analysis
Developing constructs based on trends and themes
Using strict controls and tables
Focusing on heart rate and questionnaire responses
Which of the following might influence the choice of a Masters program according to qualitative research?
The number of students enrolled
The proximity to the student's home
The statistical success rate of graduates
The use of tables and graphs in the curriculum
What does historical research deal with?
Predicting events that have not yet occurred
Events that are currently happening
Events that will happen in the near future
Events that have already occurred
What is one of the purposes of analyzing facts associated with past events in historical research?
To make historical events more complex
To predict sports outcomes only
To help explain present state of affairs
To disregard past performance
How is past performance used in historical research?
To entertain readers with historical facts
To predict future events
To change the outcome of past events
To focus solely on historical dates
What can a questionnaire in descriptive research include?
A set of standard questions to ask participants
Observations of a sports team
Analysis of a historical event
Predictions about future trends
In descriptive research, what is a case study likely to involve?
A survey of a large population
Observing a basketball team practice and play games for a prolonged time
Conducting experiments in a laboratory
Analyzing economic data
What is the focus of correlational descriptive research?
To establish a cause-and-effect relationship
To observe and describe behavior without manipulating variables
To determine if there is a relationship between two variables
To create a new theory based on observations
What are the two groups involved in experimental research?
Experimental group and control group
Pretest group and post-test group
Treatment group and non-treatment group
Variable group and constant group
In experimental research, when are the control and experimental groups tested?
Both groups are pretested and post-tested
Only the experimental group is pretested and post-tested
Only the control group is pretested and post-tested
Both groups are only post-tested
What does the experimental group receive in experimental research?
A control
A placebo
A treatment
No intervention
What are common methods used in qualitative research?
Experiments and surveys
Interviews and observations
Quantitative data and statistics
Hypothesis testing and validation
What is the focus of analysis in qualitative research?
Numerical data and measurements
Themes and tendencies
Controlled variables and constants
Predictive modeling
