WorksheetsAP Human Geography Semester 2 Practice Final Exam
Total questions: 155
Worksheet time: 4hrs 2mins
Poland is an example of a ____ state.
elongated
fragmented
compact
prorupted
Boundaries established by rivers, oceans, deserts, mountains, etc.
Political boundaries
Physical boundaries
Cultural boundaries
Linguistic boundaries
A state is a synonym for a
territory
country
unit
member
Which shape most easily fosters the establishment of effective internal communication of a smaller state?
compact
elongated
fragmented
prorupted
When a state has __________________, it means it had control over its internal affairs without interference from other states. It is independent.
self-determination
sovereignty
immunity
diplomacy
What is this country an example of?
Perforated
Compact
Elongated
Fragmented
Which of the following is NOT a necessary criterion for a state? (a)
Countries highlighted in the darker shade in the map represent most or all of the members which for which of the following organizations?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Warsaw Pact
United Nations
League of Nations
European Union
Based on the information in the chart, Myanmar is a
Nation
Nation-State
Multinational State
Stateless Nation
Multistate Nation
Based on the information in the chart, the lands of the Kachin can be considered
a multistate nation
an autonomous region
a nation-state
a stateless nation
a newly independent state
Which of the following would describe a positive development for a state that became independent through decolonization?
Establishing territoriality by claiming sovereignty over its lands
Maintaining economic neocolonial ties with its former mother country
Engaging in ethnic cleansing of a minority group within its boders
Existing along a shatterbelt between two powerful states
Experiencing centrifugal forces due to multiple ethnicities
Which type of boundary is most clearly shown in the image above?
Defined
Delimited
Natural
Open
Demarcated
When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, it said it wanted to reunited the German minority living in Poland with Germany. This is an example of
nationalism
irredentism
supranationalism
an allocational dispute
an operational dispute
The 49th parallel between the United States and Canada is
a relic boundary
a superimposed boundary
an antecedent boundary
a subsequent and ethnographic boundary
an open boundary
Which gerrymandering strategies do Districts 1 and 2 best show?
Stacking
Packing
Hijacking
Kidnapping
Scaling
Uruguay's national government sets policies that are administered by local governments. This system of government is best described as
federal
unitary
reapportioned
communist
compact
The formation of India and Pakistan in 1947 led to a new boundary between the two states. This boundary is best described as
an antecedent boundary because the two countries fought over scarce water resources
a controlled boundary because the border was placed by a foreign power without negotiation
an open boundary because it was unguarded and could easily be traversed
a consequent boundary because the border was made along already-existing cultural division
a relic boundary because it no longer exists but was still visible on the landscape
The Syrian Civil War erupted in 2011 and forced millions of refugees to flee into Turkey. The Turkish government was sympathetic to the refugees but became concerned about how many Syrians were crossing Turkey's border. Which type of border dispute describes this scenario?
Definitional
Locational
Allocational
Operational
Territorial
Notice how the crosses in the flags of Scotland, England, and Ireland are combined in the flage of the United Kingdom. Which process does this represent?
The balkanization of the United Kingdom
The formation of autonomous regions within a state
The process of irredentism in uniting people with the same culture
The creation of a single state out of separate nations
The centrifugal forces pulling a country apart
The presence of centrifugal forces within a country has led many central governments to transfer power to regional or local governments. This process is called
Devolution
Acculturation
Autocratic rule
Imperialism
Capitalism
Which of the following terms best applies to what a country experiences when its unity is threatened by inequality or economic problems?
Centrifugal forces
Centripetal forces
Colonialism
Federalism
Supranationalism
Which provides the strongest support for the conclusion that Japan has few cetrifugal forces?
Japan is an island located off the east coast of China
Japan is part of the United Nations
Japan has never colonized another country
Japan has a high degree of ethnic and linguistic homogeneity
Japan has one of the largest economies in the world.
Which is NOT an example of a centripetal force?
About nine-tenths fo Swedes speak Swedish as their first language
About 95 percent fo Iranians belong to the Shia Muslim faith
The Mindanao region of the Philippines has poor infrastructure and inadequate basic services
Since the end of World War II. Europe has worked to remove trade and political barriers between countries
About 96 out of every 100 people in Thailand identify as part of the Thai ethnic group
Which groups have been gaining more local power around the world as a result of devolution?
Indigenous people
French-speaking people
Spanish-speaking people
Recent immigrants from East Asia
Recent immigrants from Syria
Which of the following best describes the effect of globalization related to state sovereignty?
States' sovereignty has clearly increased as a result of globalization
State sovereignty has increased because of the need to defend borders from imperialistic states
Globalization has not had an effect on state sovereignty
States have given up some sovereignty in order to join supranationistc organizations
The number of sovereign states in the world has declined during the era of globalization
Based on the data in the chart, Greece is best described as
a nation but not a state
a member state of the European Union
a nation-state
a multinational state
a federal democratic state
In the 1990s, the southeast European country of Yugoslavia became
a united country through the centripetal force of opposition to Soviet control
an independent country and member of NATO
two independent countries through the Velvet Divorce
several autonomous, self-governing regions within one region
shattered into several independent countries as a result of centrifugal forces
Farming based on principles of ecology that integrate plant and animal production practices is called
subsistence agriculture
sustainable agriculture
commercial agricaulture
folk agriculture
Railroads and highways have increased the ________ and the _______ levels of commercial farming in MDCs. CHOOSE TWO ANSWERS!
diffusion
production
localization
physiologic density
costs
Which of these outcomes is NOT a result of the Green Revolution?
Research into GMOs
Increased crop yields
reduced costs for many foods
less dependence on fertilizers and pesticides
According to von Thunen's model of land use, farmers must balance _____ costs.
land and transportation
seed and land costs
transportation and fertilizer costs
advertising and land costs
What Words BEST COMPLETE the title of this map?
Agriculture Trends
Food Security
Physiologic Density
Agricultural Density
In China, flour is turned into pasta dough, then rolled into wide strips and nicknamed "belt" noodles. This food preference most likely comes from which Asian agricultural region?
Intensive subsistence- not rice dominant
Intensive subsistence- wet rice
Subsistence farming
shifting agriculture
High production of corn, soybeans, and a mixture of spring and winter wheat have earned the ______ agricultural region the nickname "World's Breadbasket."
Farming Plains
Great Plains
Grains Plains
Arable Plains
Agricultural practices in LDCs include all but
Pastoral Nomads
Shifting Cultivation
Intensive Subsistence/Rice and Dry Crops
Plantation
Mixed Crop and Livestock
Challenges facing pastoral nomads include:
Lack of support from governments
Living in an ever-modernized/globalized world
Being a minority of an overall population
Pastoral nomads face all these challenges
The system of integrating farming with the food-production industry is called
agribusiness
agriculture
commercial agriculture
subsistence agriculture
Commercial farmers often produce more yield than can be sold. What basic economic principle affects prices when crops are overproduced?
supply and demand
von Thunen's location theory
costs and profits
buy low, sell high
Eating Local is a movement that is relates to what agricultural issues? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY
sustainable agriculture
health and wellness for both people and the planet
food security
globalization
Green Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began with economics- but impacted ______ factors as well. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.
social
political
environmental
none of these were impacted by the Industrial Revolution
CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY!
Industrial areas in North America were originally located in
northeastern USA
southeastern Canada
northeaster Canada
southwestern USA
____ produces using industrialization and low-cost labor AND is the world's largest consumer market.
China
Japan
USA
Russia
Improvements in ______ meant factories could attract workers from greater distances, import bulk raw materials more easily, and ship finished goods to a larger number of consumers.
transportation systems
government systems
education of workers
environmental safeguards
Which of the following regions is NOT an established industrial global region?
South Asia
East Asia
North America
Europe
According to Least Cost Theory, the location of bulk-gaining soda bottling plant should be located closer to _____ to maximize profits.
The consumers in Thirsty Town
The farmers who grow sugar and corn.
The production of potato chips is a ________ industry, since potatoes and salt are heavier in their raw state than the finished bag of potato chips.
bulk-reducing
bulk-gaining
Companies that operate in countries other than the one in which they are headquartered are called ___
transnational companies
global companies
trading bloc companies
EU companies
The shipment of parts and materials to the factory exactly when they are needed... reduces waste and increases manufacturing profits.
just-in-time manufacturing/delivery
right now manufacturing/delivery
on-demand manufacturing/delivery
gotta have it NOW manufacturing/delivery
The history of ______ is a development that can be pinpointed to the mid-20th century. This idea was pioneered by an US businessman Malcolm Mclean, in order to simplify the processes involved in shipping cargo through sea routes.
containerization
globalization
transportation
railroadization
Use the graphic to answer the following statement:
By educating citizens, San Antonio is working to reduce ____ and increase environmental awareness.
water pollution
air pollution
landfill waste
groundwater waste
The new international division of labor encourages the development of high-tech jobs in ______.
LDCs
MDCs
As a result of USMCA, hundreds of thousands of Mexicans work in the ____ just south of the U.S. border, transforming raw materials into finished goods.
maquiladora district
trade district
colonia district
industrialized district
According to central place theory, the threshold is defined as the:
economic base of a central place
distance away from a central place
gross value of the product minus the costs of production
minimum number of people needed to support a service
point at which consumer movement is at a minimum
Which of the following best explains why New York City has more specialized stores than do smaller urban places in the United States?
Its status as a primate city
The rank-size rule
Central place theory
The gravity model
The Burgess concentric zone model
Which of the following defines Chicago’s position in relation to the infrastructure of the United States?
Situation
Absolute location
Site
Vernacular region
Transition zone
Compare the largest urbanized-area populations for each country, and then select the following statement that correctly draws a conclusion regarding the pattern in the data.
China has a primate city, and the United States follows the rank-size rule.
The United States is closer to following rank-size rule.
Neither country follows the rank-size rule.
Both countries have a primate city.
The United States has a primate city, and China follows the rank-size rule.
As old central business districts and industrial zones in more developed countries lost businesses and employment in the mid- to late twentieth century, suburban development expanded. Which of the following types of cities resulted from rapid suburban growth and the expansion of retail areas, office developments, business centers, and corporate headquarters to provide jobs and services in suburban areas?
Megalopolises
Edge cities
State capitals
Financial districts
Manufacturing zones
Which of the following was a consequence of blockbusting in North American cities?
European immigrants moved into housing vacated by upwardly mobile Americans.
Poor residents were unable to acquire mortgages.
Real estate agents lost sellers.
Neighborhoods were razed for commercial establishments.
The ethnic composition of neighborhoods changed
Which of the following best explains what the central business district data indicate?
Business owners want to have fast Internet available for their consumers in order to improve online ratings for local services and generate return customers.
Consumers demand that the fastest Internet service available before they will consider visiting a city or selecting a hotel for work or business trips.
Politicians and activists have made Internet connectivity a basic right of urban residents and feel that governments should provide services to increase the connectivity of citizens.
Government policy makers and business partners have focused infrastructure efforts on creating a downtown work environment that is positive for economic development.
Communications companies expect that increasing Internet speeds will lead to increased number of subscribers to their networks.
As migrants from rural areas continue to move to cities for jobs, cities face a variety of economic and social challenges. Which of the following economic or social challenges is best illustrated by the photograph shown of Mumbai, India?
The city's infrastructure cannot support the high population density in the central business district.
A large number of unemployed people live in the city.
There is a significant income gap between residents on the periphery of the city and residents in the city center.
The city's economic status in the global market is declining.
There is a high level of homelessness in the city's central business district.
According to the sector model of North American city structure, members of low-income groups tend to live in which of the following places?
The inner city only
Peripheral temporary settlements
Linear residential areas radiating from the center city outward
Evenly dispersed throughout the urban area
The suburbs and rural areas only
Which of the following statements explains the cost and distance relationship illustrated in the model in relation to the urban area’s residential patterns?
The lower cost of land farther from the CBD makes it affordable to build single-family homes in zones 4 and 5 for middle-income and high-income residents who desire to move into less crowded areas.
Since land is more expensive in the suburbs, wealthier families build larger single-family homes in zone 5 in areas that provide amenities such as private schools for their children.
Land is cheaper near the central business district (CBD), resulting in the construction of low-income apartments and giving low-income residents access to the amenities of the CBD.
People do not live in the CBD because of the traffic congestion, high cost of land, and lack of amenities such as museums and restaurants.
Population density increases with the distance from the CBD as land prices decrease, allowing residents of all income levels to move farther away from zone 2.
At what scale of analysis is this census tract map?
national
regional
state
local
A legally incorporated, autonomous, and self-governing urban settlement is called a ______.
census tract
city
CBD
suburb
It is s often difficult to solve regional problems/issues because _______.
local government entities are often fragmented
lack of voter turn-out
mayors are not knowledgeable about the issues
city and county services may be consolidated
Which of the following is NOT a true statement concerning automobiles in the USA?
Car ownership increased the rate of suburbanization.
Cars are the most common form of transportation in America.
Automobiles affect both land use and the cultural landsape of the USA.
The availability of cars has decreased the amount of consumer goods in suburbs.
The (now illegal) practice called "redlining" most often affected
inner-city neighborhoods
suburban neighborhoods
All cities must balance ___ and ___ in order to prioritize infrastructure spending and meet for the needs of all residents.
services and tax revenues
filtering and redlining
rich and poor neihborhoods
urbanization and suburbanization
From largest to smallest the urban hierarchy of the following would go...
Hamlet, Village, Town, City
Mega-City, City, Suburb, Neighborhood
City, Town, Village, Hamlet
Town, City, Hamlet, Village
Central Place Theory states that the size of the market is based on both _______ and the ___________
hinterland/hexagonal position
range/threshold
hexagonal position/range
threshold/transportation costs
USA follows this pattern!
If the 2nd largest city in a nation is approximately 1/2 the size of the largest city, the distribution of settlements is following the
Primate City Rule
Rank Size Rule
World City Rule
Gravity Rule
Paris and London are RLEs!
A large city that is several times larger than the 2nd largest city, and serves as the economic, political, and cultural center of a country is known as a
primate city
megacity
cultural nodal point
central place
What year did the world's population become more urban than rural?
1988(ish)
1998(ish)
2008(ish)
has not happened yet!
Tokyo, London and New York are _____; each has a combination of economic, informational, and social/cultural factors that result in world-wide impacts.
Alpha ++ global (world) cities
Alpha + cities
Beta cities
Gamma cities
Inner-city residents who face an unending cycle of social and economic issues are called a permanent
poor class.
underclass.
poverty class.
homeless class.
Offshore financial center provide what two important functions in the global circulation of capital?
taxes and privacy
privacy and low wage workers
English speaking workers and inexpensive land
collection of tax revenues and public record-keeping
What is NOT true about business-process outsourcing?
It is also called back office functions
Often located in countries with a high number of English-speaking workers
Wages are higher than average for their country, but lower than in MDCs
It is the same thing as offshoring and outsourcing.
San Antonio and New Braunfels with a population of over 2.5 million is classified as a ______________ , while Fredericksburg is classified as a ______________ with a population of 30,000.
metropolitan/micropolitan
micropolitan/metropolitan
This press release from (then) President-elect Biden is all about
Urban sustainability
Pushing people to move to the suburbs
creating jobs
fixing America's bridges
Which of the following is an example of a smart growth policy for urban development?
Increasing the capacity of roads/highways
Decreasing the number or size of parks/greenspace
Increasing mixed-use land policies to combat sprawl
No longer permitting industrial zoning within city limits
Which sector is characterized by activities involving the extraction of natural resources?
Primary sector
Secondary sector
Tertiary sector
Quaternary sector
What term is used to describe the shift from manual labor and cottage industries to a more mechanized form of manufacturing?
Deindustrialize
Industrial Revolution
Rust belt
Industrial belt
Which index is used to measure the extent of each country's gender inequality?
Gini coefficient
Gender gap
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Human Development Index (HDI)
What is the term for industries that are not tied to any specific location or resource and can relocate anywhere?
Labor-oriented industry
Footloose
Bulk-gaining industry
Bulk-reducing industry
Which of the following is a measure of the total economic output of a country?
Gross national product (GNP)
Gross national income (GNI)
Gross domestic product (GDP)
Purchasing power parity (PPP)
What term is used to describe the model that divides the world into core, semi-periphery, and periphery countries?
Dependency model
World Systems Theory
Stages of Economic Growth model
Comparative advantage
Which of the following is a term for areas where goods are manufactured without the involvement of customs authorities?
Export processing zones (EPZs)
Free-trade zones (FTZs)
Special economic zones (SEZs)
Multinational corporations (MNCs)
What is the term for the economic principle that suggests countries should produce and export goods they can produce efficiently and import goods that they cannot produce efficiently?
Barter
Free trade
Comparative advantage
Complementarity
Which organization is known for its role in overseeing international trade agreements and resolving disputes between its member countries?
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Mercosur
Neoliberalism
What term refers to the transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries?
Outsourcing
Offshoring
Reshoring
Fordism
What term is used to describe the impact of human activities measured in terms of the area of biologically productive land and water required to produce the goods consumed and to assimilate the wastes generated?
Sustainable development
Ecotourism
Ecological footprint
Corporate parks
Which of the following refers to a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial tourism?
Sustainable Development Goals
Ecological footprint
Corporate parks
Ecotourism
What are the international objectives that were set to address the global challenges related to poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace, and justice?
Sustainable development
Ecological footprint
Corporate parks
Sustainable Development Goals
Trade Deficit
policy that promotes elimination of trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas
when imports exceed exports
non-economic negative effects from trade
when exports exceed imports
Which of the following best describes the economic policy of protecting domestic industries by imposing tariffs on imported goods?
Free trade
Protectionism
Globalization
Liberalization
What term is used to describe the process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment?
Global shift
Offshoring
Deindustrialization
Reshoring
Which of the following is a key indicator of a country's economic health by measuring the average income earned per person in a given area in a specific year?
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Gross National Product (GNP)
Human Development Index (HDI)
Per Capita Income
Maquiladoras
People who travel from place to place to do seasonal work
factories that assemble products almost exclusively for consumers in the United States
ancient Mexican Civilization
Which industry was the first to be impacted by the industrial revolution?
soap
weapons
steel
textiles
