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Second Semester Exam Review

Total questions: 200

Worksheet time: 3hrs 17mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A collection of organisms that belong to different populations but all live in the same area and interact with one another.
a)
Population
b)
Ecosystem
c)
Community
d)
Ecosphere
2.
A collection of organisms that belong to different populations but all live in the same area and interact with one another.
a)
Population
b)
Ecosystem
c)
Community
d)
Ecosphere
3.
A collection of organisms that make up a community as well as all of the nonliving aspects of the environment.
a)
Population
b)
Community
c)
Habitat
d)
Ecosystem
4.
A pond ecosystem is shown in the diagram below. Which statement describes an interaction that helps maintain the dynamic equilibrium of this ecosystem?
Which statement describes an interaction that helps maintain the dynamic equilibrium of this ecosystem?
a)
The frogs make energy available to this ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis.
b)
The algae directly provide food for both the rotifers and the catfish.
c)
The green-backed heron provides energy for the mosquito larvae.
d)
The catfish population helps control the populations of water boatman and waterfleas.
5.
When an organism dies, the nitrogen in its body
a)
can never be reused by other living things.
b)
is immediately released into the atmosphere.
c)
is released by the action of decomposers.
d)
None of the above
6.
In going from one trophic level to the next higher level,
a)
the number of organisms increases.
b)
the amount of usable energy increases.
c)
the amount of usable energy decreases.
d)
diversity of organisms increases.
7.
Deforestation by burning has been described as a "double whammy" to the environment, meaning it has 2 negative impacts. Why is this description accurate? 
a)
Forest burning releases CO2 while decreasing oxygen, which disrupts cycles
b)
Deforestation reduces the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere, which depletes the ozone layer
c)
Forest clearing is often followed by land development, which often leads to increased noise pollution
d)
Deforestation increases the number of plant and animal species by destroying habitat
8.
The amount of energy that usually transfers from one trophic level to the next...
a)
10%
b)
20%
c)
80%
d)
50%
9.
The number of species within a specific habitat.
a)
Conservation
b)
Sustainable development
c)
Biodiversity
d)
Preservation
10.
A fox stalks a duck and eats it.  This is an example of ?
a)
competition
b)
predation
c)
parasitism
d)
mutualism
11.
What type of succession would first develop on a newly formed volcanic island?
a)
primary 
b)
secondary
c)
tertiary
d)
climax
12.
Ecosystem are different from communities because ecosystems contain?
a)
plants
b)
animals
c)
nonliving things
d)
decomposers 
13.
Which of these is an abiotic factor?
a)
soil
b)
grass
c)
trees
d)
animal
14.
Area with all living (biotic) and non living (abiotic) entities.  
a)
population
b)
ecosystem
c)
communities
d)
biome
15.
In a food chain or energy pyramid, there are different feeding levels (producer, primary consumer...). What do we call these feeding steps?
a)
communities
b)
levels of energy
c)
trophic levels
d)
food web
16.
The recycling of matter in ecosystems requires the breakdown of dead organic matter. This is accomplished by
a)
decomposers
b)
primary consumers
c)
secondary consumers
d)
primary producers
17.
What approximate percent of the energy found in a trophic level is lost as heat and is unavailable to the next trophic level?
a)
10%
b)
90%
c)
100%
d)
50%
18.
A collection of populations of different species that interact is called a(n)
a)
organism
b)
population
c)
community 
d)
ecosystem
19.

The end result of ecological succession is usually a(n)

a)

A.land biome.

b)

B.aquatic biome.

c)

C.unstable community.

d)

D.climax community.

20.

. Which of the following is an example of primary succession?

a)

A.lichens growing on rocks following a volcanic eruption

b)

B.grasses growing after a forest fire

c)

C.oak trees replacing pine trees in a forest

d)

D. non-native species introduced into a climax community

21.

How is primary succession different from secondary succession?

a)

Primary succession starts with soil.

b)

Secondary succession start with bare rock.

c)

Primary succession starts with bare rock, with lichens and moss.

d)

Fire is an example of primary succession.

22.
If 25,000 kg of vegetation is planted in this ecosystem, how would the lion population change?
a)
Decrease by 2,500 kg
b)
Decrease by 25,000 kg
c)
Increase by 250 kg
d)
Increase by 250,000
23.
What is the role of decomposers in a food chain?
a)
Use sunlight to make food
b)
Eat other organisms to gain energy
c)
Make the food for the whole food chain
d)
Break down dead organisms and add nutrients to the soil
24.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
25.
How much energy is available to be passed on to the next trophic level in an ecosystem?
a)
100%
b)
10%
c)
50%
d)
75%
26.
What may happen if the snowshoe hare was removed from the food web pictured?
a)
The insects in the habitat would increase.
b)
The shrew population would decrease due to being only hawk food source.
c)
The willow tree population would decrease.
d)
Foxes would dies due to no food source. 
27.
The rabbit in this food web would be considered a:
a)
Decomposer
b)
Producer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Primary Consumer
28.
The mouse in this food web would be considered a:
a)
Primary Consumer
b)
Producer
c)
Tertiary Consumer
d)
Secondary Consumer
29.
How many predators does the squid have?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
30.
If there is 1000 Kcal available in the producers in trophic level 1, how much energy is available in the herbivores in trophic level 2?
a)
10 Kcal
b)
1 Kcal
c)
100 Kcal
d)
1000 Kcal
31.
Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is
a)
Used in reproduction
b)
Stored as body fat
c)
Stored as body tissue
d)
Eliminated as heat
32.

Which of these organisms would be considered a tertiary consumer?

a)

Fox

b)

Rabbit

c)

deer

d)

mouse

33.

Which of these organisms would NOT be considered a secondary consumer?

a)

Coyote

b)

fox

c)

squirrel

d)

grasshopper

34.
What is formed during primary succession that doesn't need to be formed during secondary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
soil
c)
climax community
d)
lichens
35.
What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?
a)
primary succession
b)
eutrophication
c)
secondary succession
d)
intermediate
36.
After a forest fire, an ecosystem would start regrowth through -
a)
primary succession
b)
secondary succession
c)
climax community
d)
limiting factors
37.
Which catastrophic event will most likely have the effect of returning an ecosystem to primary succession?
a)
A tornado
b)
A volcanic eruption
c)
A flood
d)
A drought
38.
succession that occurs in an area with no soil
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
39.
succession that occurs in an area where soil is already present
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
40.
starts with bare rock followed by lichen
a)
primary succession 
b)
secondary succession
c)
both types of succession
41.

Which experiences the least change over time?

a)

Pioneer Species

b)

Primary Succession

c)

Aquatic Succession

d)

Climax Community

42.

Which would result in primary succession?

a)

volcano destroying habitat leaving only soil and ash

b)

Tornado destroying a crop leaving very little soil

c)

Glacier retreating exposing bare rock

d)

limiting factors

43.

What best describes the term succession?

a)

rapid changes that create an ecosystem overnight

b)

gradual changes over time to fully create or restore and ecosystem

c)

forest with the tallest trees

d)

the rate species produce offspring

44.

. Which of the following is an example of primary succession?

a)

A.lichens growing on rocks following a volcanic eruption

b)

B.grasses growing after a forest fire

c)

C.oak trees replacing pine trees in a forest

d)

D. non-native species introduced into a climax community

45.

How is primary succession different from secondary succession?

a)

Primary succession starts with soil.

b)

Secondary succession start with bare rock.

c)

Primary succession starts with bare rock, with lichens and moss.

d)

Fire is an example of primary succession.

46.

The picture shows what type of succession?

a)

primary

b)

secondary

c)

tertiary

d)

quadanary

47.
The first organisms that appear in an ecological community
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer species
48.
How do lichens contribute to primary succession?
a)
Lichens decompose organic matter from animals and plants
b)
Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil
c)
Lichens are nitrogen fixing bacteria
49.
The final stable community of plants and animals is called:
a)
pioneer community
b)
farmland
c)
climax community
d)
old field
50.
Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
competition
d)
parasitism
51.
What type of symbiosis?  Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers.  The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
52.
What type of symbiosis?  Skunks often live in burrows that have been dug and abandoned by woodchucks.  
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
53.
Which symbols best describe parasitism?
a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
-,0
54.

Aphids are tiny insects that live on and eat the leaves of plants, removing vital nutrients from the plants.

a)

Predation

b)

Parasitism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Mutualism

55.
What type of symbiosis is this?
*Hermit crabs find shells left by snails that have died and move in.
*  Snails die and leave behind their shells.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
56.
Which symbols best describe mutualism?
a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
-,0
57.
Silverfish live and hunt with army ants. They share the prey.  They neither help nor harm the ants. 
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Parasitism 
c)
Commensalism 
58.
Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from a spruce tree. The spruce tree is harmed. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
59.
Ostriches and gazelles feed next to each other. They both watch for predators and alert each other to danger. Because their visual abilities are different, they can identify threats that the other animal would not see as readily. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
60.
Honey guide birds alert and direct badgers to bee hives. The badgers then expose the hives and feed on the honey first. Next the honey guide birds eat. Both species benefit. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
61.
A cuckoo may lay its eggs in a warbler’s nest. The cuckoo’s young will knock the warbler’s eggs out of a nest and the warbler will raise the cuckoo’s young.
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
62.
Oxpeckers feed on the ticks found on a rhinoceros. The oxpeckers get a meal and the rhinoceros is helped by the removal of the ticks.
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
63.
As bison walk through grass, insects become active and are seen and eaten by cowbirds. The relationship neither harms nor benefits the bison.
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
64.

Symbiosis means:

a)

relationship

b)

sharing

c)

helping

d)

harming

65.
Tapeworms live in the intestines of dogs and absorb nutrients from food the dog eats. Which best describes the outcome of this relationship?
a)
The dog and tapeworm both become ill. 
b)
The dog becomes ill, and the tapeworm benefits. 
c)
The tapeworm and dog helpe ach other survive. 
d)
The tapeworm helps the dog survive. 
66.

What converts nitrogen gas into a usable form for plants and animals?

a)

bacteria

b)

rain

c)

fungi

d)

car exhaust

67.

The process in which nitrogen circulates and is recycled is called

a)

The nitrogen cycle

b)

The carbon cycle

c)

The water cycle

d)

The phosphorus cycle

68.

Organisms that need nitrogen to survive.

a)

only plants

b)

only animals

c)

only bacteria

d)

all living things

69.

How do animals get the nitrogen they need?

a)

From the air they breathe

b)

From the water they drink

c)

From the food they eat

d)

From the sun

70.

Gas that makes up 78% of our atmosphere.

a)

Oxygen

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Carbon Dioxide

71.

What is the process where plants use nitrates to grow?

a)

Nitrogen Fixation

b)

Ammonification

c)

Assimilation

d)

Nitrification

72.

What is the process where bacteria turns Nitrogen gas from the atmospheres into usable compounds?

a)

nitrogen composition

b)

nitrogen fixation

c)

ammonia

d)

denitrification

73.
Organisms that break down dead plants & animals and release nitrogen back into atmosphere...
a)
bacteria
b)
plants
c)
animals
d)
producers
74.

What is the main reservoir of nitrogen?

a)

Water bodies

b)

Plants

c)

Atmosphere

d)

Soil

75.

The arrows in the diagram below represent the

movement of materials. This movement of materials

indicated by the arrows is most directly involved in the

processes of -

a)

respiration and replication

b)

photosynthesis and excretion

c)

digestion and recycling

d)

circulation and coordination

76.

Which of the following correctly lists the biological levels of

organization from A to E?

a)

tissue, cell, organism, organism, organ system

b)

organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell

c)

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

d)

cell, organ, tissue, organ system, organism

77.

During the final stages of human gestation, receptors for the hormone oxytocin increase on the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. The release of oxytocin during labor stimulates the smooth muscle tissue in the wall of the uterus. The vigorous contraction of the uterine smooth muscle helps push the baby through the birth canal so that delivery can occur. This process involves the interaction of which organ systems?

a)

Endocrine and muscular only

b)

Endocrine and reproductive only

c)

Endocrine, muscular, and reproductive

d)

Endocrine, reproductive, and excretory

78.

Health professionals sometimes recommend nutritional supplements that contain a variety of species of bacteria to promote good digestive health. The product label for one of these supplements is shown. Why does this type of bacteria-filled supplement benefit human health instead of causing illness?

a)

Stomach acids and digestive enzymes kill the bacteria in this type of supplement, protecting the person against future infections by live organisms.

b)

The human digestive system contains billions of beneficial bacteria that enhance digestion and nutrient absorption, synthesize vitamins, and help limit the growth of harmful bacteria

c)

These species of bacteria remove all other species of microorganisms living in the human digestive system and ensure that no microorganisms survive to contaminate the body.

d)

These bacteria are able to deactivate viruses that may inhabit the human digestive system and are used to protect against further viral infections.

79.

Kidneys are part of the excretory system in a human body. They purify the impure blood and send it back to the rest of the body. Which system is mainly responsible for the transport of plasma to the kidneys?

a)

Respiratory system

b)

Circulatory system

c)

Muscular system

d)

Nervous system

80.

Several structures work together to allow flowering plants to reproduce. The diagram shows a typical flower. Which table correctly identifies the function of each structure or group of structures in the reproduction of the plant?

a)
b)
c)
d)
81.

Plants called sundews have rounded green leaves with many hair-like structures. The ends of these structures contain enzymes in a sticky liquid that looks like nectar or moisture, as shown in the picture. The hairs do not react to dust or nonliving material but will bend inward when insects get caught in the sticky liquid. Sundews digest trapped insects over a period of a few days. Based on this information, what functions do the specialized leaves of sundews perform?

a)

Provide water to the plant and perform photosynthesis

b)

Respond to stimuli and anchor the plant

c)

Provide nutrients to the plant and respond to stimuli

d)

Release pollen to insects and perform photosynthesis

82.
These two systems interact to allow our bodies respond to the environment and to maintain homeostasis.  (Hint - they both send messages and one is fast, one is slow)
a)
nervous and endocrine
b)
nervous and digestive
c)
endocrine and excretory
d)
respiratory and digestive
83.
The function of a ___ is to absorb water, store food, and anchor plants. 
a)
phloem
b)
tissue
c)
xylem
d)
root
84.
When water leaves a plants' leaves in the water cycle
a)
evaporation
b)
transpiration
c)
precipitation
d)
condensation
85.
Transports water and nutrients UP from the soil through all parts in the plant. Involved in transpiration.
a)
xylem
b)
phloem
c)
stomata
d)
roothair 
86.
What is the structure in the picture?
a)
Stomata
b)
Leaves
c)
Roots
d)
Vascular tissue
87.

What 2 systems: Absorb and deliver the digested nutrients to the cells

a)

Digestive and muscular

b)

Muscular and lymphatic

c)

Digestive and circulatory

d)

Nervous and skeletal

88.

What 2 systems: Transports white blood cells throughout the body to fight disease

a)

Excretory and nervous

b)

Circulatory and immune

c)

Respiratory and nervous

d)

Digestive and immune

89.

How do the circulatory system and immune system work together to respond to an injury?

a)

Increased blood flow kills healthy cells which prevents infection at the site of the injury.

b)

Increased blood flow removes infected cells from the body at the site of the injury.

c)

Increased blood flow carries white blood cells to the site of the injury.

d)

Increased blood flow allows for an increase in the exchange of O2 and CO2 at the site of the injury.

90.

The picture shows bean-shaped glands called nodes. The clusters of cells in nodes include macrophages that break down viruses and other potentially harmful materials. Nodes also contain cells that produce protein particles capable of capturing harmful materials that flow in tissue fluid through the nodes. Different parts of the body are drained by nodes in different regions of the body.


Which body systems are directly responsible for regulating these nodes and protecting the body from harmful materials in tissue fluid?

a)

Immune and lymphatic systems

b)

Digestive and nervous system

c)

Endocrine and digestive systems

d)

Circulatory and nervous systems

91.

When your body comes in contact with a sharp object, an impulse sent you your brain triggers a reflex that causes you to move away from the object. What body systems are interacting to cause this response?

a)

Nervous, Respiratory,

b)

Nervous, Muscular

c)

Nervous, Skeletal

d)

Nervous, Digestive

92.

Olympic sprinters undergo increased heart and breathing rates while competing. Which of the following best describes the interactions among systems of a sprinter?

a)

Respiratory system is working to obtain more oxygen, while the circulatory system works to transport the oxygen to the muscles.

b)

The digestive system takes in more glucose, while the excretory system removes waste.

c)

The endocrine system transports ATP to the nervous system

d)

Excretory system removes waste from the digestive system to reduce weight so the sprinter can run faster

93.

While working her shift, a nurse is sneezed on by a sick patient. Which system are the first line of defense to prevent the nurse from getting sick?

a)

Immune and Integumentary

b)

Digestive and Nervous

c)

Endocrine and Immune

d)

Immune and Muscular

94.

Why is the maintenance of homeostasis important to multicellular organisms?

a)

They must keep their internal environment within a narrow range of conditions.

b)

They require the ability to adjust their internal environment to match their external environment

c)

Their cells need to be able to respond rapidly to drastic changes in their external enviornment

d)

Their internal environment must provide their cells with a wide range of conditions

95.

The immune system fights diseases. The circulatory system pairs with the immune system because ___.

a)

blood is made in the bones.

b)

plasma carries nutrients.

c)

red blood cells carry oxygen.

d)

white blood cells fight infection.

96.

Why are the lungs, the major organ of the respiratory system, also considered an excretory organ?

a)

They get rid of carbon dioxide, a cellular waste

b)

They get rid of oxygen, a cellular waste

c)

They get rid of urea, a cellular waste

d)

They get rid of salt, a cellular waste

97.

How do the skeletal and circulatory systems relate to each other?

a)

Bone marrow produces blood.

b)

The heart is made of cardiac muscle tissue.

c)

The heart is held in place in the chest by ligaments.

d)

The blood brings carbon dioxide and glucose to the cells of the bones.

98.
Organs that work together are part of a(n) ________________________.
a)
cells
b)
tissue
c)
organ system
d)
organism
99.
Breathing rate increases during exercise to help meet the increased oxygen demand by skeletal muscles.
a)
respiratory, circulatory
b)
muscular, skeletal
c)
respiratory, skeletal
d)
respiratory, muscular
100.
Pathogens are dangerous bacteria. What body systems are most important when dealing with pathogens that might be in your blood?
a)
immune, circulatory
b)
nervous, skeletal
c)
muscular, endocrine
d)
reproductive
101.

A man was walking through the desert and he became lost. The temperature outside rose to 110 degrees Fahrenheit and the man’s body temperature increased with it. His skin began to excrete sweat in an effort to cool his body back down. Which two body systems are working to help him maintain homeostasis?

a)

Endocrine and Excretory

b)

Excretory and Integumentary

c)

Integumentary and Skeletal

d)

Skeletal and Respiratory

102.

The esophagus and intestines are made up of smooth muscles that move food through these organs using muscular contractions. Which two systems are working together here?

a)

Muscular and Digestive

b)

Reproductive and Endocrine

c)

Muscular and Excretory

d)

Digestive and Immune

103.
As a runner begins to run a race, his or her respiration rate will increase. The runner begins to breathe deeper and at a rapid rate. In addition, the heart beats more quickly. This will result in more oxygen delivered to the muscle cells. Which two body systems are working together to help out the muscle cells?
a)
Immune system and lymphatic system
b)
Respiratory system and circulatory system
c)
Digestive system and integumentary system
d)
Lymphatic system and immune system
104.
During the process of nutrient absorption in animals, which two body systems are most responsible for breaking down food into smaller pieces and distributing the nutrients to body cells?
a)
Endocrine system and immune system
b)
Digestive system and circulatory system
c)
Nervous system and digestive system
d)
Muscular system and digestive system
105.
In humans, the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide must be exchanged between the environment and cells. During this exchange, oxygen is delivered to the red blood cells so that they can function properly in the blood stream. Which two body systems are working together to achieve this goal?
a)
Digestive system and circulatory system
b)
Endocrine system and respiratory system
c)
Integumentary system and immune system
d)
Respiratory sytem and circulatory system
106.

How does the circulatory system depend on the respiratory system in order to function?

a)

The respiratory system removes bacteria from the circulatory system.

b)

The respiratory system produces circulatory system cells.

c)

The respiratory system delivers oxygen to the circulatory system.

d)

The respiratory system provides protection to the circulatory system.

107.

How do the circulatory and excretory systems work together?

a)

The circulatory system brings nutrients and oxygen so our cells can produce energy.

b)

The circulatory system brings blood to the kidneys to filter and remove waste.

c)

The circulatory system bring white blood cells around the body to fight infection and disease.

d)

The circulatory system helps the excretory system digest food.

108.

Which two systems work together to remove wastes?

a)

digestive and excretory

b)

respiratory and skeletal

c)

skeletal and circulatory

d)

digestive and respiratory

109.

Which two systems work together to break down and transport molecules?

a)

muscular and respiratory

b)

circulatory and skeletal

c)

digestive and circulatory

d)

endocrine and digestive

110.
Homeostasis
a)
allows for a wildly fluctuating internal environment
b)
is impossible in vertebrates
c)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
d)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
111.
The maintenance of an organism’s internal environment is called:
a)
compensating
b)
homeostasis
c)
balancing
d)
routine
112.

This part of the plant uses the sunlight to produce food for the plant

a)

Flower

b)

Cone

c)

Leaf

d)

Seed

113.

Which of the following adaptations best​ explains how pine trees are able to prevent water loss or damage from freezing temperatures?

a)

Pine trees have thick bark

b)

Pine cones produce seeds.

c)

Pine tree roots go deep underground.

d)

Pine needles are thin and have a wax coating.

114.

Identify the plant tissue that transports water and dissolved nutrients

a)

Xylem

b)

Parenchyma

c)

Phloem

d)

Sclerenchyma

115.

What is used to regulate gas intake and output within a plant?

a)

Stoma

b)

Vascular Bundle

c)

Node

d)

Cell Wall

116.

The thick waxy covering of a leaf that helps prevent water loss is known as the--

a)

Flower

b)

Cuticle

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Chloroplast

117.

Where does gas exchange occur within the plant?

a)

Flower

b)

Leaf

c)

Stem

d)

Roots

118.
What is the main function of leaves?
a)
Leaves provide support for growth and a place to store food.
b)
Leaves provide a place for photosynthesis to occur
c)
Leaves absorb water and minerals and transport nutrients to the stem.
d)
 Leaves create a barrier that prevents water in the plant's tissues from evaporating.
119.
Which structure in the leaf controls the opening and closing of the stoma? 
a)
cuticle
b)
epidermis
c)
guard cell
d)
spongy mesophyll
120.
Which statement describes the role of flowers in plant survival? 
a)
 Flowers can absorb carbon dioxide for sugar production. 
b)
Flowers produce oxygen through cellular respiration. 
c)
Flowers contain cells that carry out photosynthesis.
d)
Flowers contain cells that produce gametes.
121.

Structures represented in the illustration below are found in the lower epidermis of a plant leaf. The illustration at right shows the response to a certain environmental condition. The response represented in the illustration would most likely be caused by --

a)

a reduced supply of oxygen

b)

long periods of rainfall

c)

high concentrations of glucose

d)

little available water

122.

Cytokinins are a class of plant hormones that help regulate growth by promoting cell division. Cytokinins are produced mainly in meristematic tissue, where most plant growth occurs. Which system carries cytokinins produced in the roots to the rest of the plant?

a)

vascular system

b)

dermal system

c)

reproductive system

d)

none of these

123.

Auxins are plant hormones that help regulate growth. Sunlight stimulates auxins on the shaded side of the stem causing the plant to grow faster on that side. This pushes the stem towards sunlight. This response is known as:

a)

geotropism

b)

transpiration

c)

phototropism

d)

thigmotropism

124.

Since a growing seed cannot carry out photosynthesis, it is packaged with nutrients. Which two plant systems must interact to create nutrient-rich seeds?

a)

Root system and dermal tissue system

b)

Reproductive system and transport system

c)

Excretory system and digestive system

d)

Immune system and vascular tissue system

125.

Plants have hormones just like humans do. Plant hormones are created in the plant's stem, buds, and root tips. These hormones are carried and distributed throughout the plant by the plant's ____________________ system. Which of the following correctly completes the sentence?

a)

vascular

b)

reproductive

c)

dermal

d)

root

126.

Pollen grains are produced by ?

a)

the anther

b)

the stigma

c)

the flowers

d)

the leaves

127.

When the plant responds to touch

a)

Phototropism

b)

Thigmotropism

c)

Gravitropism

d)

Hydrotropism

128.

A plant growing in response to the sunlight.

a)

Gravitropism

b)

Phototropism

c)

Thigmotropism

d)

Hydrotropism

129.
Xylem and phloem are examples of _ tissue
a)
Spores
b)
Nonvascular
c)
Seeds
d)
Vascular
130.
Vascular tissue that carries dissolved food from leaves to other parts of the plant
a)
Xylem
b)
Phloem
c)
Cortex
d)
Cambium
131.

Common baboons live on the savanna in breeding groups called troops. While females tend to stay with the troop, younger or less dominant males may leave to join a neighboring troop. Which of these is a likely outcome of movement by young males?

a)

Gene flow occurs between populations.

b)

Allele frequencies suddenly change.

c)

Relative genotypic frequencies reach a constant state.

d)

Intermediate phenotypes increase in the species.

132.

Organisms are classified today using the Linnaean system, and the following table shows the taxonomic classification of two marine organisms living along the Pacific Coast.


Taxonomic classification is important to marine biologists because it provides a way to —

a)

prove that marine evolution occurs

b)

discover and name every marine organism on Earth

c)

designate Latin as the universal language of marine biology

d)

identify marine organisms and find evolutionary relationships between them

133.

Cetaceans are whales and their relatives. The diagram shows some fossils of cetaceans.


Which statement provides the best evidence that Ambulocetus natans is an ancestor of Basilosaurus isis?

a)

Homologous structures occur in each fossil.

b)

Similar nitrogenous bases are found in the DNA of each fossil.

c)

The fossils were found in different locations.

d)

The youngest fossil is larger than the older fossils.

134.

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms.


What organism is the LEAST related to the other three organisms?

a)

Organism 1

b)

Organism 2

c)

Organism 3

d)

Organism 4

135.
Adaptations that result from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, which of the following best describes fitness?
a)
Being able to escape from predators
b)
Being among the strongest organisms in a population
c)
Being able to survive, find a mate, and produce offspring
d)
Being able to survive long enough to reach the adult stage
136.

The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates.

a)

The primates lived in similar environments.

b)

The primates shared a common ancestor.

c)

The primates interbreed with similar organisms in a population.

d)

The primates had diets that consisted of similar types of foods.

137.

Two species of frogs grew up in an island. However, both species cannot interbreed even though they look similar. The reason for this is

a)

Natural selection provided each with adaptive traits

b)

No gene flow between the two species occurred.

c)

Genetic drift killed off their ancestors

d)

Mutations occurred only in one species

138.

An organism is most closely related to another if they share the same

a)

Kingdom

b)

Phylum

c)

Order

d)

Genus

139.

Natural selection can result in a new species if there is-

a)

Unlimited resources

b)

genetic variation

c)

Static environment

d)

Unlimited energy

140.

DNA sequences are usually used to compare two species. This technique is beneficial because it allows to determine

a)

The size of both species

b)

The color patterns of both species

c)

How closely related the two species are to each other

d)

The methods of proteins synthesis each species uses.

141.

Two populations of mice living in the same forest are separated by a large water-filled ditch. After a rainstorm, flooding brings several mice from one population to the other population. When the mice from the first population reproduce with members of the second population, which of the following will likely occur?

a)

All of the offspring will die as a result of reproductive mutations.

b)

The offspring will be forced to leave the second population.

c)

The offspring will be genetically identical to their parent from the first population.

d)

The offspring in the second population will have greater genetic variety.

142.
The structures shown are_________
a)
homologous
b)
heterologous
c)
analogous
d)
vestigial
143.
I have cell walls
I am an autotroph
I am multicellular
What am I?
a)
Plant
b)
Animal
c)
Eubacteria
d)
Unicorn
144.
I have no cell walls
I am eukaryotic
I reproduce sexually
I am multicellular
What kingdom do I belong to?
a)
Plantae
b)
Animalia
c)
Protista
d)
Fungi
145.
I am unicellular
I am prokaryotic
I am found in extreme ecosystems
What kingdom do I belong to?
a)
The Candy Kingdom
b)
Kingdom Plantae
c)
Kingdom Animalia
d)
Kingdom Archaebacteria
146.
Members of  Kingdom Animalia don't have these...
a)
cell walls, or chloroplasts
b)
nucleus
c)
Netflix membership
d)
Amazon Prime, man they are lame.
147.
In my kingdom, we have strange and amazing members that don't seem to fit well in any of the other kingdoms.
Who am I?
a)
Plantae
b)
Animalia
c)
Oz
d)
Protista
148.

The more genetic variation a population has,

the more likely it is for some individuals to

a)

evolve

b)

migrate

c)

survive

d)

mutate

149.

Mutations are important because they bring about

a)

death of the organism in which they develop

b)

genetic variation needed for a population to evolve

c)

benefits for the individual, not for the population

d)

changes in genotype, but not phenotype

150.
Why do frogs and other organism reproduce so many eggs or offspring?
a)
so that their babies can have friends to play with
b)
the more offspring the more likely the offspring will survive
c)
the more offspring the less likely offspring will survive 
d)
the more offspring the less competition
151.
Which organisms are most likely to survive?
a)
the best adapted
b)
the fastest
c)
the strongest
d)
the most domesticated (tamed)
152.
The 8 levels of classification, most broad to most specific.
a)
Domain, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Species
b)
Domain, Species, Kingdom, Genus, Phylum, Family, Class, Order
c)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
d)
Domain, Kingdom, Species, Phylum, Family, Order, Class, Genus
153.
Darwin theorized that individuals having an advantage due to their traits or abilities will be more likely to survive and reproduce.  This theory is known as
a)
evolution
b)
speciation
c)
adaptation
d)
natural selection
154.
What is survival of the fittest?
a)
It is where the fittest die out and therefore reproduce and pass on their genes
b)
It is where the fittest die out and therefore can't reproduce and pass on their genes
c)
It is where the fittest don't die out and therefore can't reproduce and pass on their genes
d)
It is where the fittest don't die out and therefore reproduce and pass on their genes
155.
Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches 
 
a)
have the ability to interbreed.
have the ability to interbreed.
b)
acquired traits through use and disuse.
c)
all eat the same type of food.
d)
descended from a common ancestor.
156.
Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment 
a)
diversity.
b)
evolution
c)
adaptation. 
d)
 fitness.
157.
Genetic differences between organisms of the same species
a)
Variation
b)
Adaptation
c)
Behavior
d)
Environment
158.
According to the theory of natural selection, why are some individuals more likely than others to survive and reproduce? 
a)
Some individuals pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes. 
b)
Some individuals are better adapted to exist in their environment than others are. 
c)
Some individuals do not pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes. 
d)
Some individuals tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the same environment. 
159.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below that shows variations in the beaks of finches in the Galapagos Islands and on your knowledge of biology. 
 The diversity of species seen on the Galapagos Islands is mostly due to 
a)
gene manipulation by scientists 
b)
gene changes resulting from mitotic cell division 
c)
natural selection 
d)
selective breeding 
160.

In evolution, what does the word fitness mean?

a)

the ability to workout and exercise without getting fatigued or tired

b)

the ability of an individual species to survive and reproduce

c)

the ability of a species to develop and grow a special characteristic or trait over generations

161.

When nature "selects" a variation, that means that the trait:

a)

causes the population to shrink

b)

helps prey escape predators

c)

gets passed long from generation to generation

d)

has brought out a new species

162.
Horse breeding for specific desired traits is an example of which type of evolutionary evidence?
a)
Artificial selection
b)
Embryology
c)
Fossils
d)
Biochemical molecules
163.
You look at two species and see very similar DNA. What does this likely tell you?
a)
These are the same animal.
b)
These animals have a common ancestor.
c)
These animals are not likely related.
d)
These animals are likely becoming one species.
164.
How does natural selection lead to evolution?
a)
Stronger offspring kill weaker members of the species.
b)
Helpful traits accumulate among surviving members of the species.
c)
Overproduction provides food for stronger members of the species.
d)
Environmental changes kill weaker members of the species.
165.
Structures are similar in appearance but not in structure
a)
Vestigial 
b)
Homologous 
c)
Analogous Structures 
d)
Embryonic 
166.

What type of evidence is shown in the image above?

a)

Fossils

b)

Vestigial structures

c)

Homologous Structures

d)

DNA

167.
a)
Homologous
b)
Vestigial
c)
Analogous
168.

is when genes (peoples) come into or leave a population

a)

Genetic Drift

b)

Founder Effect

c)

Gene Flow

d)

Bottleneck

169.
Five hundred years after the deer had established a flourishing population in the park, a few of them venture back to their original woods and have babies with the deer there.
a)
Genetic Drift
b)
Mutations
c)
Non-random mating
d)
Gene flow
170.
This mechanism of evolution occurs when populations migrate.
a)
Extinction
b)
Gene flow
c)
Genetic drift
d)
Natural Selection
171.
In convergent evolution, organisms share physical similarities because they 
a)
have a common ancestor
b)
live in the same enviornment
c)
develop homologous structures
d)
are closely related 
172.
Describes a patter of long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change
a)
convergent evolution
b)
coevolution
c)
punctuated equilibrium
d)
adaptive radiation
173.
The hypothesis that evolution of a species occurs gradually over time as a slow and constant process is known as
a)
speciation
b)
punctuated equilibrium
c)
gradualism
d)
microevolution
174.
What is convergent evolution?
a)
evolution toward similar traits in unrelated species
b)
evolution toward different traits in closely related species
c)
elimination of a species from Earth
d)
the rise of two or more species from one existing species
175.
Sharks and dolphins both have streamlined bodies that allow them to move through water efficiently, this is an example of which type of evolution?
a)
Divergent
b)
Coevolution
c)
Convergent
d)
Artificial
176.

Forming of a new species by evolution from pre-existing species.

a)

Speciation

b)

Extinction

c)

Gradualism

d)

Punctuated equilibrium

177.

Bursts of change followed by periods of stability.

a)

Punctuated equilibrium

b)

Gradualism

c)

Extinction

d)

Speciation

178.
A flash flood carried a raft of Amazon ants away from their original population. There is enough distance between the two groups, that they will never meet in nature again. What type of reproductive barrier is this?
a)
behavioral isolation
b)
temporal isolation 
c)
gametic isolation
d)
geographic isolation 
179.
Some female peacocks prefer males with large, colorful tales while other female peacocks prefer males with no tail at all. Females are beginning to only mate with the type of males with the tail they prefer. What type of reproductive barrier is this?
a)
behavioral isolation
b)
hybrid sterility 
c)
temporal isolation
d)
mechanical isolation 
180.
The flowers of pink tulips open in the morning, while the flowers of lavender tulips open in the early afternoon. The bees that pollinate these tulips cannot carry pollen back & forth between the two types of tulips because of their flowers being closed at different times of day. What type of reproductive barrier is this?
a)
behavioral isolation
b)
hybrid sterility 
c)
temporal isolation
d)
mechanical isolation 
181.
The term for the formation of new and distinct species over the course of evolution is...
a)
speciation
b)
biological species concept
c)
reproductive barrier
d)
natural selection
182.
What is a species? 
a)
A group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring. 
b)
A group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring even if those offspring are infertile.
c)
A group of organisms that genetically are very different from each other. 
d)
Indivual organisms that live in the same environment. 
183.

The emergence of new rivers or streams is a type of ____________ isolation.

a)

Temporal

b)

Mechanical

c)

Behavioral

d)

Geographic

184.

Canis lupus, the scientific name for a wolf, is in which genus?

a)

Canis

b)

lupus

c)

Animalia

d)

Mammalia

185.

An organism identified with binomial nomenclature includes which two taxa?

a)

class and order

b)

family and genus

c)

genus and species

d)

kingdom and phylum

186.

Which taxonomic category is higher than the others?

a)

Class

b)

Genus

c)

Family

d)

Phylum

187.
Term given to describe the 2 name naming system is:
a)
dichotmous key
b)
binomial nomenclature
c)
2 scientific names
d)
binomial key
188.
Organisms that are unicellular, plant-like or animal-like or fungus-like, live in damp or wet places like ponds, rivers, or streams.
a)
Kingdom Fungi
b)
Kingdom Plantae
c)
Kingdom Animalia
d)
Kingdom Protista
189.

(Kingdoms) This kingdom is the largest, organisms are multicellular, heterotrophs, most can move, aquatic or terrestrial, warm or cold blooded.

a)

Protista

b)

Animalia

c)

Plantae

d)

Fungi

190.

(Kingdoms) Which kingdom contains organisms that are mostly multicellular, have cell walls, and can be decomposers or heterotrophs?

a)

Fungi

b)

Plantae

c)

Animalia

d)

Protista

191.
Which domain contains organisms that are unicellular, prokaryotic, and can cause illness yet also make food such as yogurt.
a)
Eukarya
b)
Archaea
c)
Bacteria
d)
Protista
192.
Which characteristics best describe the Kingdom Fungi?
a)
multicellular and unicellular, eukaryote, autotroph
b)
multicellular and unicellular, prokaryote, heterotroph
c)
multicellular, eukaryote, heterotoph
d)
multicellular and unicellular, eukaryote, heterotroph
193.
Which characteristics best describes the Kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria?
a)
unicellular, prokaryote, heterotroph
b)
unicellular, prokaryote, heterotroph and autotroph
c)
multicellular, eukaryote, autotroph
d)
multicellular, prokaryote, heterotroph and autotroph
194.
Which domain is capable of living in extreme environments like hot springs, geysers, or very salty waters?
a)
Bacteria
b)
Archaea
c)
Eukarya
195.
In the 8 levels of classification which level is the broadest category? 
a)
Kingdom
b)
Family
c)
Species
d)
Domain
196.
What are the 8 levels of classification of living things from most general to most specific?
a)
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
b)
domain, kingdom, class, phylum, order, family, genius, species
c)
domain, kingdom, family, class, order, family, genus, species
d)
domain, king, phillip, class, order, family, genus, species
197.

Which organism is most closely related to Quercus rubrum?

a)

Acer rubrum

b)

Quercus macrophylla

198.
The scientific name for an organism is made from the:
a)
class and family name
b)
genus and species name
c)
domain and kingdom name
d)
kingdom and phylum name
199.
Which of the following is the least closely related animal:
Gray Wolf: Canis lupus
Aardwolf: Proteles cristatus
Coyote: Canis latrans
a)
Coyote
b)
Aardwolf
c)
Gray Wolf
d)
Need more information on body characteristics
200.

Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?

a)

jaws

b)

mammary glands & hair

c)

terrestrial during all life stages

d)

bipedal & opposable thumbs

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