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Ecology Review

Total questions: 128

Worksheet time: 2hrs 41mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the carrying capacity of the graph?

a)

around 500

b)

more than 800

c)

less than 300

d)

around 700

2.

What is the carrying capacity of the graph?

a)

around 500

b)

more than 800

c)

less than 300

d)

around 700

3.
Which of the following would INCREASE the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
a)
increase in predators
b)
disease
c)
increase in available food
d)
drought
4.

When death rate is equal to birth rate...

a)

population increases

b)

population decreases

c)

population stays the same.

d)

population rapidly increases then becomes stable

5.

When birth rate is high and death rate is low...

a)

population increases

b)

population decreases

c)

population stays the same

d)

all of these

6.

Match the following

a)
1.

Predation

b)
2.

Symbiosis

c)
3.

Commensalism

d)
4.

Parasitism

7.

What will happen if all of the frogs in a population die?

a)

The frogs' predators will decrease and the frogs' prey will increase

b)

The frogs' predators will increase and the frogs' prey will decrease

c)

We better all pray because there isn't anymore frogs.

8.

A scientist was studying a population of fish in a pond over a period of 10 years. He observed that

the population increased each year for 3 years, and then remained nearly constant for the rest of

the study. The best explanation for this observation is that the population had

a)

stopped reproducing

b)

reached carrying capacity

c)

mutated into a different species

d)

run out of food and all died

9.
2 factors which increase population size
a)
Birth Rate, Immigration
b)
Death Rate, Immigration
c)
Birth Rate, Emigration
d)
Death Rate, Emigration
10.
Excessive amounts of rain caused a flood in the southwest United States that resulted in substantial amounts of deaths in the rabbit population? This situation is an example of a density _____________ limiting factor.
a)
density-independent
b)
density-dependent
c)
density- too high
d)
density- too low
11.

A lion and a cheetah attempt to occupy the same niche. The more aggressive lion survives; the cheetah does not.

a)

Density-Dependent: Competition

b)

Density-Independent: Competition

c)

Density-Dependent: Predator-Prey

d)

Density-Independent: Predator-Prey

12.

In a large Maine forest with many animals and lots of space, there are only a small number of bears. Which of these most likely limits the population of bears in the forest?

a)

Supply of food

b)

Space

c)

Cloud cover in the atmosphere

d)

Types of trees in the area

13.

Look at the carrying capacity graphic.


Why does the month of June have the largest seasonal carrying capacity?

a)

Longer summer days causes vegetation to wilt, leading to animal starvation

b)

An increase in humidity allows predators extra moisture for hunting

c)

Warm weather supplies ample food and shelter for life

d)

The breeding stock is not interested in mating during hot, humid days.

14.

Competition for food is a limiting factor that can cause a decrease in the growth of a population. The growth of which type of population will most strongly be affected by this limiting factor?

a)

Large and dense

b)

Small and sparse

c)

Large and sparse

d)

Small and growing

15.

In population ecology, one of the factors that is studied is a density-dependent factor. Density-dependent factors have the greatest effect on dense populations and little to no effect on very sparse populations. What would NOT be an example of a density-dependent factor?

a)

Parasitism

b)

Predation

c)

Communicable disease

d)

The average rainfall of a region

16.

Which graph depicts exponential growth in a population?

a)
b)
c)
d)
17.

Which example describes or illustrates how a density-dependent limiting factor can affect a forest ecosystem?

a)

A forest fire forces many animals to move to new habitats

b)

A heat wave causes the death of many animals in the forest

c)

An earthquake causes the death of many animals in the forest

d)

A disease causes death of many animals in the forest

18.
One of the main causes of biodiversity loss is?
a)
Habitat fragmentation
b)
Invasive species
c)
Climate change
d)
All of the Above
19.

Over time, scientists are predicting the Baltic Sea to become less salty. As a result, there will be less biodiversity. Which best explains why the biodiversity of the Baltic Sea would decrease?

a)

Fewer types of plants and animals are found in warm water than in cool water.

b)

Plants and animals adapted for living in saltwater will grow more slowly in water that has less salt.

c)

Plants and animals adapted for living in saltier conditions will not be able to survive and reproduce.

d)

Animals adapted for living in warm water will eat all the plants and animals adapted for living in cool water.

20.

Select all the following answers for:


Ecology is the study of

a)

ecosystems and how many different species interact in an environment.

b)

micro organisms

c)

non-living factors.

d)

echolocation by dolphins and whales.

21.

Biodiversity recognizes all the different....

a)

numbers of the same species in an ecosystem

b)

all the different species in an ecosystem

c)

different states of matter

d)

many different terms we learn in science.

22.

What does every food chain start with? (Even if it's not drawn or written there!)

a)

producers

b)

sun

c)

consumer

d)

decomposers

23.
An organism that needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy is known as a:
a)
Autotroph
b)
Producer
c)
Consumer
d)
Mutualist
24.
Consumer that eats plants
a)
heterotroph
b)
herbivore
c)
producer
d)
community
25.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
26.
Where an organism lives
a)
habitat
b)
niche 
c)
heterotrogh
d)
biosphere
27.
The nonliving aspects of an ecosystem.
a)
Abiotic factors
b)
Biotic factors
28.
What are the Abiotic factors in this image? 
a)
water, sunlight, dirt, air
b)
birds and plants
c)
birds, water, dirt
d)
plants, water
29.

Some limiting factors that affect populations include lack of food, lack of water, lack of living space, and the spread of disease.

a)

True

b)

False

30.

A species that plays a critical role in the health, maintenance, growth, or definition of an ecosystem.

a)

keystone

b)

invasive

c)

engineer

d)

predator

31.

Which one of the following keystone examples is a keystone predator found in the tidal pools of northwestern North America and was the species that launched Robert Paine’s keystone species concept?

a)

starfish

b)

sea otters

c)

beavers

d)

wolves

e)

elephants

32.
If fish are caught faster than they can breed the population will _____________
a)
increase
b)
stay the same
c)
emigrate
d)
decrease
33.
The number of different species in an area is referred to as its _______________.
a)
population
b)
genetic diversity
c)
biodiversity
d)
Niche diversity
34.

An organism that is being hunted or eaten

a)

organism

b)

abiotic

c)

predation

d)

prey

35.

Nonliving factor in an ecosystem

a)

Biotic factor

b)

Abiotic factor

c)

Dead factor

d)

Organism

36.

an organism that can make its own food by using energy from the sun

a)

heterotroph

b)

decomposer

c)

biotic factor

d)

autotroph

37.

living factor in an ecosystem

a)

Biotic factor

b)

Abiotic factor

c)

Dead factor

d)

Autotroph

38.

An organism that obtains energy from eating other consumers (animals)

a)

detritivore

b)

carnivore

c)

omnivore

d)

herbivore

39.

An organism that obtains energy from the remains of others

a)

detritivore

b)

carnivore

c)

omnivore

d)

herbivore

40.

An organism that obtains energy from eating both consumers and producers (plants and animals)

a)

detritivore

b)

carnivore

c)

omnivore

d)

herbivore

41.

An organism that obtains energy from breaking down organic matter

a)

decomposer

b)

carnivore

c)

omnivore

d)

herbivore

42.

A form of symbiosis in which one member of the relationship benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

a)

mutualism

b)

parasitism

c)

commensalism

d)

predation

43.

A relationship in which two organisms compete for resources

a)

mutualism

b)

parasitism

c)

competition

d)

predation

44.

All the living organisms in a particular location, together with their nonliving environment

a)

community

b)

population

c)

species

d)

ecosystem

45.

A diagram that shows feeding relationships and energy transfer

a)

food web

b)

life cycle

c)

food chain

d)

predation

46.

A diagram that shows multiple feeding relationships and energy transfer

a)

food web

b)

life cycle

c)

food chain

d)

predation

47.

an organism that gets its energy from eating other organisms

a)

heterotroph

b)

decomposer

c)

biotic factor

d)

autotroph

48.

An organism that houses other organisms

a)

host

b)

parasite

c)

predator

d)

prey

49.

An organism that houses other organisms

a)

host

b)

parasite

c)

predator

d)

prey

50.

A form of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit

a)

mutualism

b)

parasitism

c)

commensalism

d)

predation

51.

Something that is living

a)

organism

b)

abiotic

c)

predation

d)

prey

52.

A form of symbiosis in which one member of the relationship benefits and the other is harmed

a)

mutualism

b)

parasitism

c)

commensalism

d)

predation

53.

One organism feeds on another organism

a)

mutualism

b)

parasitism

c)

commensalism

d)

predation

54.

An organism that is being hunted or eaten

a)

organism

b)

abiotic

c)

predation

d)

prey

55.

First consumer of a food chain; feeds on producer

a)

secondary consumer

b)

tertiary consumer

c)

producer

d)

primary consumer

56.

Second consumer of a food chain; feeds on primary consumer

a)

secondary consumer

b)

tertiary consumer

c)

producer

d)

primary consumer

57.

Third consumer of a food chain; feeds on secondary consumer

a)

secondary consumer

b)

tertiary consumer

c)

producer

d)

primary consumer

58.

If a scientist in New Zealand was studying how a group of herbivores interacted with a group of omnivores, and all of their abiotic surroundings, what level of ecology would she be studying?

a)

Community

b)

Population

c)

Species

d)

Ecosystem

e)

Biome

59.
What term best describes this group of bison?
a)
Species
b)
Community
c)
Ecosystem
d)
Population
60.
What term best describes all the plants and animals in this image?
a)
Species
b)
Population
c)
Ecosystem
d)
Community
61.
How many different animal populations are in this image?
a)
1
b)
6
c)
17
d)
26
62.
This image shows both living and non living things in an area.  What term best describes this?
a)
species
b)
community
c)
population
d)
ecosystem
63.
The ___________ is all the area on and around earth where living things exist.
a)
Biome
b)
Biosphere
c)
Ecosystem
d)
Ecosphere
64.
Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
a)
Plants
b)
Bacteria
c)
Soil
d)
Insects
65.
What are the abiotic factors in this image? 
a)
water, sunlight, dirt, air
b)
birds and plants
c)
water, plants, and birds 
66.
The study of relationships between biotic and abiotic factors interacting in the same area.
a)
Ecology
b)
Biology
c)
Zoology
d)
Botany
67.

Group of organisms that all share the same characteristics.

a)

Family

b)

Species

c)

Order

d)

Kingdom

68.
The living portions of the ecosystem.
a)
Biotic factors
b)
Abiotic factors
69.
What is it called when a group of the same organisms living together in the same place at the same time?
a)
An organism
b)
A population
c)
A community
d)
A biome
70.
When all the ecosystems on Earth are combined it is called...
a)
a community.
b)
a biome.
c)
a biosphere.
d)
an Earthsphere.
71.
Jacob is going out to his grandparents fram.  On the farm is a stream that he likes to fish at. When he is fishing he sees many differernt speacies of fish as well as maple and oak trees and dragonflies.  What Jacob is seeing is an example of what level of organization?
a)
organism
b)
population
c)
community
d)
ecosystem
72.
Andrea is on the grils cross country tream. She is heading out for a run when she comes across 20 Canadian geese.  What level of organization is this group of Canadian geese?
a)
organism
b)
population
c)
community
d)
biome
73.

What are the levels of ecology from smallest to the largest?

a)

organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

b)

organism, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere

c)

individual, population, community, ecosystem, exosphere.

d)

individual, community, population, ecosystem, exosphere

74.

After land is cleared for farming, what type of succession might occur?

a)

Primary

b)

secondary

c)

tertiary

75.

After a landslide removes all the plants, but leaves the soil behind, what type of succession might occur?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Teritary

76.

Which type of reaches the climax community faster?

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

77.

Which type of succession happens when a new island is formed by a volcano erupting?

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

78.
What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?
a)
primary succession
b)
eutrophication
c)
secondary succession
d)
intermediate
79.
What is formed during primary succession that doesn't need to be formed during secondary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
soil
c)
climax community
d)
lichens
80.
After a forest fire, an ecosystem would start regrowth through -
a)
primary succession
b)
secondary succession
c)
climax community
d)
limiting factors
81.
Which catastrophic event will most likely have the effect of returning an ecosystem to primary succession?
a)
A tornado
b)
A volcanic eruption
c)
A flood
d)
A drought
82.
succession that occurs in an area with no soil
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
83.
starts with bare rock followed by lichen
a)
primary succession 
b)
secondary succession
c)
both types of succession
84.

secretes/releases acid that breaks the rock down into dirt/soil

a)

Primary Succession

b)

Lichen

c)

Hardwood trees

d)

Rock

85.

What is the correct order?

a)

lichen, moss, grasses, shrubs, trees

b)

lichen, shrubs, moss, grasses, trees

c)

lichen, trees, flowers, moss, shrubs

d)

Shrubs, trees, lichen, moss, flowers

86.

The role a species/organism plays in the environment is its...

a)

Niche

b)

Habitat

c)

Generalist

d)

Specialist

87.

What is a population?

a)

One individual member of a species

b)

a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area

c)

a community of different species and their environment

88.

Which is an example of an ecosystem?

a)

An area of cold climate and communities of different species

b)

one elk

c)

a group of elks living together in the same area

d)

elks, snow rabbits, and owls living in the same area

89.

Which definition best fits the term BIOTIC?

a)

The study of the interactions between animals and their environment

b)

Factors in the environment that are considered not alive

c)

Factors in the environment that are considered living or the remains of living things

90.

One species benefits, the other is unaffected

a)

symbiosis

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

d)

commensalism

91.

Honey guide birds alert and direct badgers to bee hives. The badgers then expose the hives and feed on the honey first. Then, the honey guide birds eat as well.

a)

symbiosis

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

d)

commensalism

92.

Tapeworms reside in human intestine and take nutrients from the human

a)

symbiosis

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

d)

commensalism

93.

Vines grow on a tree. The vines get light but the tree is not affected. What kind of relationship is this?

a)

Competition

b)

Mutualism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Parasitism

94.
An organism that helps to recycle nutrients within an ecosystem by eating dead or decaying organisms is a:
a)

Predator

b)

Autotroph

c)

Producer

d)

Decomposer

95.

The ecological role an organism performs in their specific environment is considered the organism's...

a)

Habitat

b)

Population

c)

Biome

d)

Niche

96.
The arrows in a food chain or web represents what?
a)

They point to the organism that is being eaten.

b)

It shows how sunlight flows within an ecosystem.

c)

They show what direction the energy is flowing between organisms. 

d)

They represent how water is transferred within a habitat.

97.
The fox in this food web would be considered a:
a)
Tertiary Consumer
b)
Producer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Primary Consumer
98.

The populations of which organisms will most likely increase as a result of a disease that suddenly reduced the population of Texas horned lizards?

a)

Grasses and ants

b)

Ants and grasshoppers

c)

Grasshoppers and Texas Cottonmouths

d)

Texas cottonmouths and red shouldered hawks

99.
What are plants called in a food chain?
a)

Producers /Autotrophs

b)

Consumers /Heterotrophs

c)

Decomposers

d)

Scavengers

100.
Where does the energy start in this food chain?
a)
Plant
b)
Sun
c)
Deer
d)
Wolf
101.

Why might an organism have more than one arrow coming FROM them in a food web?

a)

More than one organism may eat them.

b)

They may eat more than one other organism.

c)

This organism gets its energy from multiple sources.

102.
What is missing from this food chain?
Grass > Grasshopper > Bird > Snake
a)
Producer
b)
Primary Consumer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Decomposer
103.

Match the following

a)

Decomposer

1.

This is an organism that breaks down and gains nutrients from dead organisms.

b)

Predator

2.

This is an animal that lives by preying on other animals.

c)

Producer

3.

This is an organism that supplies matter and energy, also known as an autotroph.

d)

Consumer

4.

This is an organism that relies on other organisms for its food and energy supply; heterotroph

e)

Parasite

5.

This is an organism which feeds on, but usually does not kill, a larger organism

104.

What happens to the amount of available energy in the pyramid as it moves up through the different levels?

a)

it increases

b)

it decreases

c)

it remains the same

105.

In any food web, the organisms that are responsible for converting raw energy into usable chemical energy are collectively called ________ while organisms that recycle the nutrients trapped in dead organisms are collectively called ________.

a)

producers;consumers

b)

producers; decomposers

c)

consumers; decomposers

106.
An area where an organism finds food, shelter and water in a specific arrangement
a)
niche
b)
biosphere
c)
biome
d)
habitat
107.
Carbon can be found in...
a)
The atmosphere
b)
Soil
c)
Fossil fuels
d)
All of the above
108.

Label the following Carbon cycle.

a)dead animals
b)factory emmisions
1
2
1)
2)
109.

Label the following Carbon cycle.

a)sunlight
b)photosynthesis
c)animals breathing (respiration)
d)fossil fuels
1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
110.
Question Image

Match the following

a)

Evaporation

1.

A

b)

Condensation

2.

B

c)

Precipitation

3.

C

d)

Transpiration

4.

D

111.

A correct path that nitrogen could take would be

a)

air -> animals -> plants -> bacteria

b)

animals -> air -> bacteria -> plants

c)

bacteria -> air -> plants -> animals

d)

air -> bacteria -> plants -> animals

112.
How much of the atmosphere is composed of nitrogen gas?
a)
87%
b)
38%
c)
78%
d)
21%
113.
What is the process of combining nitrogen gas with other elements to make nitrogen into usable compounds?
a)
nitrogen composition
b)
ammonia 
c)
nitrogen fixation
d)
denitrification
114.

The highest population an environment can support is called

a)

a limiting factor

b)

exponential growth

c)

carrying capacity

115.

Which type of organism makes its own food

a)

autotropph

b)

heterotroph

116.

When there is a drought and there is limited water, the water would

a)

cause exponential growth

b)

be a limiting factor

117.

A disease wipes out most of the rabbit population in a forest. What type of limiting factor would this be?

a)

density-independent

b)

density dependent

118.

The highest population an environment can support is called

a)

a limiting factor

b)

exponential growth

c)

carrying capacity

119.

Which of the following are examples of a density independent factors?

a)

forest fire

b)

seasonal cycles

c)

storms

d)

disease

120.

What is the number of individuals that can be supported by the environment?

a)

Carrying capacity

b)

Population density

c)

Dispersion patterns

d)

Symbiosis

121.
What is the carrying capacity of the graph?
a)

around 500

b)

around 600

c)

around 15

d)

around 30

122.

This graph shows ....

a)

When one population increases, the other decreases.

b)

When one population decreases, the other increases.

c)

When one population increases, the other increases instantly.

d)

When one population increases, it causes the other to increases shortly after.

123.

This graph shows ....

a)

When one population increases, the other decreases.

b)

When one population decreases, the other increases.

c)

When one population increases, the other increases instantly.

d)

When one population increases, it causes the other to increases shortly after.

124.

What will most likely happen to the hawks and rodents if the insects were removed?

a)

There will be more hawks and rodents

b)

The rodents will eat more hawks

c)

There will be fewer rodents and hawks

d)

The hawks will eat more rodents

125.
Which organisms in the food web shown to the right are predators that compete for the same prey in this environment?
a)
Coyotes and rabbits
b)
White-tailed deer and rabbits
c)
Leafy weeds and cotton rats
d)
Bobcats and coyotes
126.

Which type of succession is being shown here?

a)
primary succession
b)
secondary succession
c)
tertiary succession
d)
variable succession
127.
What is the order of succession shown in this figure?
a)
A, B, C, D
b)
B, A, D, C
c)
C, D, A, B
d)
D, A, B, C
128.

What are the levels of ecology from smallest to the largest?

a)

organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

b)

organism, community, population, biome, ecosystem, biosphere

c)

population, organism, community, ecosystem, biosphere, biome

d)

biome, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere, organism

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