What is a pathogen?

In many multicellular animals, pathogens are recognised as foreign and are attacked by the immune system. Which of the following may be produced during an immune response?

Which body defence listed below acts as a chemical barrier?

Which of the options below is an example of a transmissible disease?

The human body has a number of barriers to prevent infection by pathogens some of which are listed below.

1. Skin

2. Mucus

3. Hairs in the nose

4. Antibodies

5. Stomach acid

Which of these are examples of mechanical barriers?

Which of the following diseases listed below are not caused by infectious pathogens?

1. Coronary Heart Disease

2. Cholera

3. AIDS

4. Scurvy

Which of the following diseases can be transmitted by contact with contaminated surfaces?

When a tissue is transplanted from a female donor to a male recipient, it may be rejected. What is the main cause of this rejection?

Components of the blood from a mammal are shown in the diagram below. In which component would you expect to find the remains of the breakdown of bacterial cells.

Which of the following is an effect of a cholera infection?

1. Loss of salts from the blood

2. Loss of water from the blood

3 .Blockage of the small intestine

4. Persistent diarrhoea

There are numerous ways in which a person can acquire antibodies, giving immunity to a disease. Some of these are:

1. Vaccination

2. Infection by disease

3. A baby feeding on breast milk

Which of the options would give a person active immunity?

Which row in the table correctly describes the attributes of passive immunity?

What happens when a person is vaccinated against measles?

Passive and active immunity have which of the following features in common?

1. They are always long-term.

2. They always involve the activity of memory cells.

3. They involve antibodies.

4. They can be acquired by vaccination.