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The Nucleus, Protein Synthesis, and the Cell Cycle

Total questions: 65

Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which component of the nucleus is primarily responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

a)

Nuclear envelope

b)

Nucleoli

c)

Chromatin

d)

Nuclear pore

2.

What is the function of the nuclear pore?

a)

Synthesis of DNA

b)

Synthesis of RNA

c)

Regulation of substances entering and exiting the nucleus

d)

Condensation of chromatin into chromosomes

3.

DNA and RNA differ in which of the following ways?

a)

The sugar component

b)

The presence of uracil

c)

Both A and B

d)

Neither A nor B

4.

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

a)

G₁ phase

b)

S phase

c)

G₂ phase

d)

M phase

5.

What happens during the anaphase of mitosis?

a)

Chromosomes line up at the cell equator.

b)

Sister chromatids are pulled apart.

c)

The nuclear envelope re-forms.

d)

DNA replicates.

6.

The nucleolus is involved in the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA).

a)

True

b)

False

c)

Sometimes true

d)

None of the above

7.

Chromatin is the condensed form of DNA present only during cell division.

a)

True

b)

False

c)

Sometimes true

d)

None of the above

8.

RNA polymerase starts transcription at a terminator sequence.

a)

True

b)

False

c)

Sometimes true

d)

None of the above

9.

Mitosis results in the production of four daughter cells from one parent cell.

a)

True

b)

False

c)

Sometimes true

d)

None of the above

10.

The nuclear envelope disintegrates during prophase of mitosis.

a)

True

b)

False

c)

Sometimes true

d)

None of the above

11.

__________ is the phase where the cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis.

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Interphase

d)

Anaphase

12.

The structure of a nucleotide includes a phosphate group, a sugar, and a (a)   base.

13.

The (a)   apparatus sorts, modifies, and packages proteins synthesized in the rough ER.

14.

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm on the __________.

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Golgi apparatus

d)

Lysosome

15.

Base pairs in DNA are held together by __________ bonds.

a)

Ionic

b)

Covalent

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Metallic

16.

True or False: Peroxisomes are involved in the translation of mRNA.

a)

True

b)

False

17.

(a)   occurs when mRNA is decoded to produce a specific protein.

18.

True or False: Microtubules form the spindle fibers that help segregate chromosomes during mitosis.

a)

True

b)

False

19.

Describe how the metaphase is different from telophase in mitosis.

a)

Metaphase is when chromosomes align in the center, telophase is when two nuclei form.

b)

Metaphase is when the cell divides, telophase is when chromosomes align in the center.

c)

Metaphase is when the nuclear envelope reforms, telophase is when chromosomes condense.

d)

Metaphase is when the cell grows, telophase is when the cell shrinks.

20.

What is the purpose of tRNA during the translation process?

a)

To carry amino acids to the ribosome.

b)

To transcribe DNA into mRNA.

c)

To replicate DNA.

d)

To transport mRNA out of the nucleus.

21.

Identify the phase of the cell cycle during which the cell primarily increases in size.

a)

G₀ phase

b)

G₁ phase

c)

S phase

d)

G₂ phase

22.

True or False: The entire cell cycle is composed of interphase and the mitotic (M) phase.

a)

True

b)

False

23.

What is the function of the nucleus?

a)

Structure that organizes motion of chromosomes

b)

Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell

c)

Structure that stores genetic information and directs the cell

d)

Stack of membranes that packages chemicals

24.

Why is it important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis?

a)

In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.

b)

In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.

c)

In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.

d)

In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.

25.

Before cells can divide, what happens to the DNA?

a)

It is replicated

b)

It increases in size

c)

It is divided in half

d)

It decreases in size

26.
When is DNA replicated during the cell cycle?
a)
During the G1 phase
b)
During the G2 phase 
c)
During the S phase
d)
 During the M phase
27.
What does DNA Replication mean?
a)
DNA is made.
b)
DNA makes new cells. 
c)
DNA copies itself.
d)
DNA starts the cell cycle.
28.

Match the following

a)

Polymerase

1.

builds the complimentary DNA strand

b)

Ligase

2.

bonds DNA fragments together

c)

Primase

3.

Indicates whee DNA replication begins

d)

Helicase

4.

"unzips" the DNA

29.
Which process is used to copy DNA in the nucleus?
a)
replication
b)
transcription
c)
translation
30.
When does DNA replication happen?
a)
Before Mitosis begins
b)
During prophase
c)
During metaphase
d)
During anaphase
31.
In DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for building the new DNA strand?
a)
helicase
b)
polymerase
c)
ligase
d)
primase
32.
Where does DNA replication take place?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Golgi Body
33.
The anticodon is located on 
a)
DNA
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
rRNA
34.

Where is RNA made in the cell?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Golgi Apparatus

d)

Cell membrane

35.
Which type of RNA takes the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
RNA polymerase
36.
I have the sugar ribose.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
37.
Where can anticodons be found? 
a)
tRNA
b)
mRNA
c)
DNA
d)
protein
38.

What is the primary role of RNA mentioned in the text?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Cellular respiration

c)

Protein synthesis

d)

Replicating DNA

39.

RNA carries the information from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

a)

True

b)

False

40.
What is RNA?
a)
ribosomal nucleolic acid; it guides protein synthesis
b)
ribonucleic acid; it guides protein synthesis
c)
ribonucleic acid; it guides DNA synthesis
d)
ribosomal nucleolic acid; it guides DNA synthesis.
41.

Which statement applies to tRNA?

a)

There is at least one type of tRNA that combines with each known amino acid.

b)

One type of tRNA can combine with all of the known amino acids.

c)

tRNA carries out its main role within the nucleus.

d)

tRNA is produced by the process of translation.

42.
mRNA is important, because it __________.
a)
Carries info from genes to ribosomes
b)
Carries amino acids to ribosomes
c)
Helps with RNA splicing
d)
Makes up ribosomes
43.
This type of RNA carries the amino acid from the cytoplasm to the ribosome during PS?
a)
tRNA
b)
rRNA
c)
mRNA
d)
pRNA
44.

Which types of RNA are involved in translation? (Choose all that apply.)

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

pRNA

45.
In mitosis, the two resulting cells are
a)
different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
b)
different from the starting cell and different from each other.
c)
identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
d)
identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.
46.

How many nuclei are undergoing mitosis in this picture?

a)

8

b)

10

c)

2

d)

0

47.
The stages of mitosis in order
a)
Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase
b)
Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase
c)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
d)
Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Metaphase
48.
Identify the Cell Cycle Stage.
a)
Anaphase
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Telophase
d)
Metaphase
49.

How many nuclei can you see in this picture?

a)

10

b)

2

c)

8

d)

15

50.
Which is Metaphase?
a)
A
b)
E
c)
C
d)
F
51.
Name the phase:
a)
Anaphase
b)
Telophase
c)
Metaphase
d)
Prophase
52.
The stages of mitosis in order
a)
Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase
b)
Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase
c)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
d)
Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Metaphase
53.
The stages of mitosis in order
a)
Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase
b)
Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase
c)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
d)
Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Metaphase
54.
Chromosomes condense from long stands into rod like structures. 
a)
Prophase
b)
Interphase
55.
The process by which the nuclear material is divided equally between two new cells
a)
mitosis
b)
cancer
c)
spindle
d)
centromere
56.
Which of the following is NOT a part of mitosis?
a)
prophase
b)
anaphase
c)
metaphase
d)
interphase
57.
After chromosomes condense into chromatin and the nucleus disappears, what is the next step in mitosis?
a)
Cell divides in half (cytokinesis)
b)
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
c)
Chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
d)
DNA is replicated
58.
the phase in mitosis where chromosomes move away and are pulled by spindles to opposite sides of the cell.
a)
prophase
b)
anaphase
c)
metaphase
d)
telephase
59.

During which phase of mitosis are the chromosomes pulled by the spindle fibres until they align at the equator of the cell?

(a)  

60.
Phase of mitosis following prophase during which the double-stranded chromosomes line up along the center of the cell and the spindle fibers attach to each centromere
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
61.

The phase of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope fragments and the nucleoli disappear is called

a)

interphase

b)

prophase

c)

metaphase

d)

telophase

62.

Which step shows metaphase?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

e)

5

63.

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA helix during replication?

a)

Helicase

b)

Ligase

c)

Primase

d)

Topoisomerase

64.

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

65.

What is the primary function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

a)

To carry amino acids to the ribosome

b)

To carry genetic information from DNA

c)

To form the ribosome structure

d)

To splice RNA

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