a subatomic particle that resides within the nucleus of an atom alongside protons, and has no electrical charge (neutral)

1. a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

is anything that takes up space and can be weighed

a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance.

a substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically joined.

a combination of two or more substances in any proportions. The substances do not combine chemically

a combination of multiple substances where the composition is not uniform throughout, meaning the individual components remain visibly separate and distinct from one another

a combination of two or more substances that are blended so thoroughly that they appear as a single, uniform substance throughout, with no visible separation of components. 

a type of mixture involving two or more substances.

a mixture where a solid particle does not dissolve in a liquid solution.

a very finely divided substance which is scattered throughout another substance.

The smallest part of a substance that cannot be broken down chemically

The smallest particle of a substance that has all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance

elements are molecules composed of two atoms.

a chemical bond formed between two atoms through the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons. 

​A collection of subatomic particles in the centre of an atom. It is positively charged and composed of protons and neutrons with one or more electrons orbiting it.

1. the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.

1. a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns.

(of a metal or other material) able to be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking.

a property of a material that breaks when stress is applied, but it has a small tendency to bend before breaking

a solid chemical compound or element that can conduct electricity in some circumstances, but not in others.

Russian chemist who devised the periodic table of the elements.

a change in the form of a substance that doesn't alter its chemical composition.

a change to a substance that doesn't alter its chemical composition

the arrangement of atoms and their connectivity within a molecule,

the substances that participate in a chemical reaction,

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process

a small number written below the line of text, usually used in chemical formulas to indicate the number of atoms of a specific element present in a molecule

a number placed in front of a chemical symbol or formula that shows how many atoms or molecules of the substance are involved in the reaction

a system that has external interactions.

a natural physical system that does not allow transfer of matter in or out of the system

Reactants are found on what side of the chemical reaction

What are the substances at the end of a reaction?

Which of the following is NOT a sign that a chemical reaction may have occurred?

an atom or group of atoms that carries a net electrical charge

the number of a chemical element in the periodic system and on the periodic table that equals the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom

is a description of the number and kind of atoms found in a single molecule of a substance, using the symbol for each element and a subscript number to state the number of atoms of the element to the left of the subscript

releasing energy, usually in the form of heat, during a chemical reaction.

a chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings

_______ means a substance is not reactive. For example, noble gases

metals are very reactive chemical species that readily lose their one valence electron to form ionic compounds with nonmetals.

electrons in the outermost shell of an atom,

A structure inside an animal cell where DNA is stored.

Genetic material that holds information for making more cells.

A group of bacteria growing together.

A nonliving protective shell with genetic material inside of it.

A medicine that is used to treat bacterial infections.

A cell of the human immune system that helps to fight against infection.

A medicine that helps prepare the immune system to fight infection.

A scientist who studies micro-organisms like bacteria.

A machine scientists use to grow and study bacteria.

a microorganism, especially a bacterium causing disease or fermentation.

eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts, moulds and mushrooms

small single-celled organisms. Bacteria are found almost everywhere on Earth and are vital to the planet's ecosystems.

an organism that lives on or inside another organism (called a host), obtaining nutrients from the host at the host's expense, often causing harm to the host while benefiting itself;

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

an organism that cannot produce its own food and must obtain energy by consuming other organisms, like plants or animals

A community of interacting organisms and their environment. Living things interact with each other, and also with non-living things like soil, water and air.

A living thing similar to a plant that is usually found growing in water. They produce their own food through photosynthesis like plants do, but algae have no leaves, stems or roots.

Tiny living things that are everywhere around us. We can only see them with a very powerful microscope. They come in different shapes such as rods, spirals, and spheres. They are important in an ecosystem to break down dead and decaying matter.

Anything living such as an animal, plant, insect, bacteria, etc.

Anything that doesn’t grow and reproduce such as rocks, soil, air or water.

A sequence of living things in which each one feeds on the living thing below it.

A living thing (almost always a plant) that takes energy from the sun and makes its own food. They are found in the first level of a food web.

Living things that break down dead and decaying organisms. The most common decomposers are bacteria and fungi.

A fungus is a living thing that helps break down dead and decaying matter. More than one fungus are called fungi. Some familiar fungi are mushrooms, mold and yeast.

is usually made by gathering plant material such as leaves and vegetable peels into a pile and letting it decompose over many months thanks to bacteria and fungi. The resulting substance can be used as a fertilizer for plants

the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism

organisms that eat secondary consumers, which are organisms that eat primary consumers.

a symbiotic relationship where both organisms involved benefit from their interaction with each other

a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits from another organism without causing any harm to the latter

a relationship between two organisms where one organism, benefits at the expense of the other organism, called the "host," by living on or inside the host and causing it some harm;

the interaction between organisms that vie for a limited resource, such as food, water, space, or sunlight

a biological interaction where one organism, kills and eats another organism, known as the prey, for food

a close, long-term relationship between two or more different species of organisms, where at least one organism benefits from the interaction, which can be mutually beneficial (mutualism), where both organisms benefit, or parasitic, where one organism benefits at the expense of the other; essentially, "living together" between different species. 

the scientific study of how living organisms interact with each other and with their physical environment

an organ, system, or body part that shares a common ancestry in multiple organisms

biological structures having similar or corresponding functions but not from the same evolutionary origin. In other words, species use these biological structures for the same purpose and yet these species are from unrelated evolutionary lines.

physical feature of an organism that has lost most or all of its original function through evolution,

a biological order of mammals that includes humans, apes, monkeys, lemurs, and tarsiers

the individuals from whom you are biologically descended

a member of the _______ family, which includes all modern and extinct great apes: humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and immediate ancestors

the collection of all discovered fossils, which essentially document the history of life on Earth by providing evidence of past organisms and how they have changed over time, including their appearance, when they lived, and when they went extinct

an organism whose cells contain a nucleus within a membrane

organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles.

the process by which an organism changes its behavior, physiology, or structure to better suit its environment.

the idea that Earth has always changed in uniform ways and that the present is the key to the past

the idea that sudden, short-lived, and violent events lead to the extinction of many organisms.

the theory that species change slowly over time

• are preserved remains or traces of living things.

• normally form in sedimentary rock.

• Hard parts are the only parts of an organism that stays

Process that uses the properties of atoms in rocks and other objects to determine their ages 

Principle that states in a sequence of undisturbed rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become progressively younger toward the top 

Cavity in a rock made when an organism decayed

the method of determining the age of a fossil or organism by comparing its position within a rock layer or stratigraphic sequence to other fossils,

a fracture in the Earth's crust that allows blocks of rock to move relative to each other.

a body of igneous rock that forms when magma crystallizes and solidifies underground.

the deposition of rock fragments, soil, organic matter, or dissolved material that has been eroded, that is, has been transported by water, wind, ice, or gravity.

the largest division of geologic time, spanning millions to billions of years

a significant period of time in Earth's history that is marked by major events and changes. ____ are a part of the geologic time scale, which divides Earth's history into units of time. 

the remains of a plant or animal that lived for a specific geologic time period. They are used to determine the age of rocks and to correlate rock layers from different locations. 

an area where a freshwater river or stream meets the ocean. When freshwater and seawater combine, the water becomes brackish, or slightly salty.

a measure of water clarity.

a process in which deep, cold water rises toward the surface.

an area of land that channels rainfall, snowmelt, and runoff into a common body of water.

a process that can refer to the movement of water into soil or rock,

microscopic organisms that live in watery environments, both salty and fresh. Some are bacteria, some are protists, and most are single-celled plants.

the empty space between particles of sand, sediment, or rock.

the amount of salt dissolved in water

the entire area of land that is drained by a river and all its tributaries, meaning all the water flowing across that land eventually reaches the same main river and flows out to the sea at a single point; essentially, it's the total land area that contributes water to a particular river system. 

a mixture of fresh and saltwater

a body of porous rock or sediment saturated with groundwater. Groundwater enters an aquifer as precipitation seeps through the soil.

The three-dimensional arrangement of physical attributes (such as shape, height, and depth) of a land surface in a place or region.

fit to drink; drinkable.

a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of surface water or underground streams

Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest