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WorksheetsBMOL6401 - L3 - Microbial Cell Structure and Function
Total questions: 61
Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the difference between a light microscopy and electron microscope?
a)
Light microscopy uses visible light and low magnification
b)
Electron microscope uses electrons and very high magnification
c)
Both use light
d)
None of the above
2.
Light microscopes can resolve objects down to…
a)
0.2 µm
b)
0.5 µm
c)
0.1 nm
d)
1 mm
3.
Electron microscopes can resolve objects down to…
a)
0.2 µm
b)
0.2 nm
c)
0.5 nm
d)
1 mm
4.
What is the main difference between gram positive and negative bacteria?
a)
Presence of a thick peptidoglycan layer
b)
Differences in lipopolysaccharide structure
c)
Presence of plasmids
d)
Different membrane proteins
5.
What does crystal violet stain in the bacteria?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Peptidoglycan in the cell wall
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Ribosomes
6.
What are the differences in cell-wall structure of Archaea and bacteria?
a)
Archaea have pseudopeptidoglycan
b)
Bacteria have lipopolysaccharide
c)
Bacteria lack a cell wall
d)
Archaea use chitin
7.
What is binary fission in bacteria/archaea cells?
a)
Process of mitosis
b)
Asexual reproduction through cell division
c)
Formation of spores
d)
Sexual reproduction
8.
What does Coccus describe in cell morphology?
a)
Rod-shaped
b)
Spherical or ovoid
c)
Spiral-shaped
d)
Irregular
9.
What does Rod or Bacillus describe in cell morphology?
a)
Cylindrical shape
b)
Spiral shape
c)
Square shape
d)
Ovoid shape
10.
What does Spirilla describe in cell morphology?
a)
Straight rods
b)
Curved or spiral shapes
c)
Filamentous
d)
Spherical
11.
Why should bacteria have one shape instead of another?
a)
For survival advantage
b)
To resist antibiotics
c)
For better nutrient uptake
d)
No specific reason
12.
Is cell morphology a good predictor of properties?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Sometimes
d)
Only in eukaryotes
13.
Why is it an advantage to bacteria to be so small?
a)
Higher replication rate
b)
Better nutrient exchange
c)
More motility
d)
Better protection from environment
14.
What are inclusion bodies in bacteria?
a)
Organelles for photosynthesis
b)
Storage structures for excess nutrients
c)
Endospores
d)
Ribosomes
15.
What are endospores in bacteria?
a)
Dormant, resistant cells
b)
Reproductive cells
c)
Structures for motility
d)
Nutrient storage
16.
What are Integral membrane proteins?
a)
Proteins attached to DNA
b)
Proteins embedded in the membrane
c)
Enzymes floating in the cytoplasm
d)
Proteins on the outer membrane surface
17.
Peripheral membrane proteins are…
a)
Loosely attached
b)
Firmly embedded
c)
Located in the nucleus
d)
Attached to ribosomes
18.
How are archaeal and bacterial membranes different structurally?
a)
Archaea have phytanyl groups
b)
Archaea use cellulose
c)
Bacteria have cholesterol
d)
Bacteria have fatty acids
19.
Describe proton motive force
a)
Energy generated by the movement of protons across a membrane
b)
ATP production via glycolysis
c)
Energy generated from nutrients
d)
Oxygen reduction in respiration
20.
Describe Uniporter transport mechanism
a)
Proteins that carry a substance unidirectionally
b)
Proteins that carry substances in opposite directions
c)
Symport of molecules
d)
Transport via diffusion
21.
Describe Symporter transport mechanism
a)
Transport in one direction
b)
Cotransport of a molecule with a second substance (e.g., proton)
c)
Transport via diffusion
d)
Movement against the concentration gradient
22.
Describe antiporter transport mechanism
a)
One substance moves in, another moves out simultaneously
b)
Movement of a molecule in one direction
c)
Transport against the proton gradient
d)
ATP-powered transport
23.
A gram-negative bacteria will show up…
a)
Purple
b)
Pink
c)
Blue
d)
Green
24.
A gram-positive bacteria will show up…
a)
Pink
b)
Green
c)
Purple
d)
Orange
25.
What is peptidoglycan?
a)
A protein
b)
A carbohydrate polymer found in cell walls
c)
A nucleic acid
d)
A lipid
26.
Peptidoglycan is present in archaea and bacteria, found in their cell walls (true/false)
a)
True
b)
False
27.
Gram-positive bacteria has…
a)
Thin cell wall
b)
Thick cell wall
c)
No cell wall
d)
Multiple cell membranes
28.
What are the differences between the structure of gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls?
a)
Gram-positive has a thicker peptidoglycan layer
b)
Gram-negative has no peptidoglycan
c)
Gram-positive has an outer membrane
d)
Both have similar structures
29.
What is the structure and activity of LPS in gram-negative cell walls?
a)
Lipopolysaccharide structure provides structural integrity
b)
LPS creates energy
c)
LPS is involved in protein synthesis
d)
LPS stores nutrients
30.
What is the structure and activity of the periplasm in gram-negative cell walls?
a)
Space between outer membrane and plasma membrane where important enzymes are located
b)
It serves as a storage site for nutrients
c)
It is involved in cellular respiration
d)
It is the location for DNA replication
31.
Where is the peptidoglycan located in gram-negative cells?
a)
Outer membrane
b)
Periplasm
c)
Plasma membrane
d)
Cytoplasm
32.
What is the most prominent composition of gram-positive cell wall?
a)
Peptidoglycan
b)
Lipid
c)
DNA
d)
Protein
33.
What are the S-layers in archaeal cell walls?
a)
Proteins that form a crystalline layer outside the membrane
b)
Lipids embedded in the membrane
c)
DNA fragments
d)
Carbohydrates for protection
34.
What polysaccharide do you find in archaeal cell walls?
a)
Pseudomurein
b)
Chitin
c)
Cellulose
d)
Peptidoglycan
35.
What is a major difference between pseudomurein found in archaeal cell walls and peptidoglycan found in bacterial cell walls?
a)
Pseudomurein has β(1,3) linkages, peptidoglycan has β(1,4) linkages
b)
Pseudomurein lacks sugars
c)
Peptidoglycan contains amino acids
d)
Pseudomurein is a lipid
36.
What is a capsule?
a)
Polysaccharide organized in a tight matrix
b)
Loosely attached polysaccharide
c)
Proteins for nutrient storage
d)
Lipid-based structure
37.
What is a slime layer?
a)
Loosely attached polysaccharide
b)
Tight polysaccharide matrix
c)
Protein-based structure
d)
DNA storage site
38.
What are pili?
a)
Filamentous protein structures extending from the surface of a cell
b)
DNA transporters
c)
Structures for energy storage
d)
Flagella used for movement
39.
What are fimbriae?
a)
Short pili that mediate attachment
b)
Long flagella for movement
c)
Enzymes for DNA synthesis
d)
Structures for photosynthesis
40.
What is a hamus in archaeal cells?
a)
Structure for biofilm formation and attachment
b)
Protein structure for DNA synthesis
c)
Flagella-like organelle
d)
Enzyme for cell division
41.
What are cell inclusions and what are their roles?
a)
Store energy-rich compounds
b)
House enzymes for DNA replication
c)
Allow movement in fluid
d)
Function in protein synthesis
42.
What are gas vesicles?
a)
Structures that store gases to provide buoyancy
b)
Enzymes for DNA synthesis
c)
Proteins for motility
d)
Organelles for protein storage
43.
What are endospores?
a)
Dormant, highly resistant cells for survival
b)
Cells involved in nutrient synthesis
c)
Active cells for replication
d)
Cells for protein synthesis
44.
What are flagella?
a)
Structures used for motility
b)
Structures for photosynthesis
c)
Enzymes for respiration
d)
Proteins for nutrient storage
45.
Define chemotaxis
a)
Movement toward or away from chemical stimuli
b)
Movement toward light
c)
Movement away from oxygen
d)
Movement toward ionic strength
46.
Define phototaxis
a)
Movement toward light
b)
Movement toward or away from chemicals
c)
Movement toward oxygen
d)
Movement toward high salt concentrations
47.
Define aerotaxis
a)
Movement toward or away from oxygen
b)
Movement toward light
c)
Movement toward nutrients
d)
Movement toward water
48.
Define osmotaxis
a)
Movement toward or away from high ionic strength conditions
b)
Movement toward oxygen
c)
Movement toward light
d)
Movement toward heat
49.
What is the main structural difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls?
a)
Gram-positive has a thicker peptidoglycan layer, while Gram-negative has an outer membrane
b)
Gram-positive has no cell wall
c)
Gram-negative lacks peptidoglycan
d)
Gram-positive has a capsule instead of a cell wall
50.
Where is peptidoglycan located in gram-negative cells?
a)
In the periplasm
b)
On the cell surface
c)
In the cytoplasm
d)
In the nucleus
51.
What is the most prominent composition of gram-positive cell wall?
a)
Peptidoglycan
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
DNA
52.
What polysaccharide do you find in archaeal cell walls?
a)
Pseudomurein
b)
Peptidoglycan
c)
Chitin
d)
Cellulose
53.
What is a slime layer?
a)
A loosely attached polysaccharide layer
b)
A tightly attached protein layer
c)
A protective lipid layer
d)
A DNA-embedded layer
54.
What is the function of gas vesicles in bacteria?
a)
Provide buoyancy in aquatic environments
b)
Store DNA
c)
Produce energy
d)
Facilitate nutrient absorption
55.
What is the difference between pili and fimbriae?
a)
Pili are longer and involved in conjugation, while fimbriae are shorter and involved in attachment
b)
Fimbriae are for DNA transfer, while pili are for protein synthesis
c)
Pili are for photosynthesis, while fimbriae are for nutrient storage
d)
Pili are for movement, while fimbriae are for respiration
56.
What are siderophores?
a)
High-affinity iron-chelating compounds secreted by microorganisms
b)
Structures for DNA replication
c)
Proteins for energy storage
d)
Structures for cell movement
57.
Why do organisms secrete siderophores?
a)
To capture and transport iron in low-iron environments
b)
To store nutrients
c)
To protect from antibiotics
d)
To enable cell division
58.
What are growth factors?
a)
Organic compounds required in small amounts by certain organisms
b)
Inorganic ions required for metabolism
c)
Lipids used for energy
d)
Proteins for respiration
59.
What is facilitated diffusion?
a)
Movement of molecules across the membrane via transport proteins without energy input
b)
Movement of molecules directly through the lipid bilayer
c)
Active transport involving energy
d)
Group translocation mechanism
60.
What is active transport?
a)
Movement of molecules across a membrane using energy
b)
Movement of molecules along a concentration gradient
c)
Diffusion of water molecules
d)
Group translocation mechanism
61.
What is passive diffusion?
a)
Movement of molecules across a membrane without energy input
b)
Movement of molecules using energy
c)
Transport through protein channels
d)
Group translocation mechanism
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