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AP Bio Unit 2 Cell Structure & Function Review

Total questions: 72

Worksheet time: 54mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Sac within the cytoplasm that STORES fluid, plants have a larger one that stores food and water.

a)

vacuole

b)

lysosome

c)

cell wall

d)

ribosome

2.

Is the jelly-like substance in the cell that contains the organelles

a)

ribosome

b)

cytosol

c)

cell wall

d)

chloroplast

3.

This structure is only found in plants and prokaryotes (Gives it a rigid shape)

a)

cell wall

b)

cytoplasm

c)

centriole

d)

nucleus

4.

This organelle make PROTEINS for the cell

a)

chloroplast

b)

ribosome

c)

lysosome

d)

cell wall

5.

what is the function of ribosomes

a)

to assemble amino acids to create proteins

b)

to pack proteins

c)

to clean proteins

6.

Which organelle is involved in the production of ATP

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Golgi Bodies

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleus

7.

The following are the components of plasma membrane. EXCEPT one?

a)

cholesterol

b)

proteins

c)

carbohydrates

d)

nucleotide

8.

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means

a)

anything can pass in and out

b)

the membrane regulates the passage of the material in and out of the cell

c)

glucose cannot enter the cell

d)

cholesterol cannot enter

9.

The head of a phospholipid is attracted to water, and is referred to as:

a)

Hydroscopic

b)

Hydrogenated

c)

hydrophobic

d)

Hydrophilic

10.

Identify a peripheral protein

a)

structure a

b)

strucure b

c)

structure g

d)

structure h

11.

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

a)

ionic

b)

small and hydrophobic

c)

large polar

d)

large and hydrophobic

12.

Which type of biological macromolecule is the main component of the plasma membrane?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

13.

When does diffusion stop?

a)

After a day and a night

b)

When the particles are evenly spread out

c)

When there are no particles left

d)

When all the particles leave the system

14.
 An animal cell placed in a hypertonic (salty) solution will
a)
Stay the same
b)
Shrink- get smaller
c)
Swell- get bigger
15.

Proteins in the cell membrane allow

a)

only water to enter the cell

b)

the cell to interact with it's environment (surrounding cells)

c)

the cell to attach to other cells

16.

If a cells Ψp\Psi p = 3 bars and its  Ψs\Psi s = -4.5 bars, what is the resulting  Ψ\Psi  ?

a)

-7.5

b)

7.5

c)

-1.5

d)

1.5

17.

A cell with a water potential of -1.5 bars is placed in a beaker of sugar water with  Ψs\Psi s  = 1.5 bars.  In which direction will the net flow of water be?

a)

Into the cell

b)

Out of the cell

c)

No net flow of water

18.
What type of solution allows water to enter the plant cell?
a)
hypotonic solution
b)
hypertonic solution
c)
isotonic solution
d)
active transport
19.

Endosymbiotic Theory is the idea that ______ cells could have evolved from_____cells

a)

prokaryotic, eukaryotic

b)

eukaryotic, animal

c)

prokaryotic, plant

d)

eukaryotic, prokaryotic

20.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that is associated with defects in the CFTR protein found in the membrane. Which organelle synthesized the protein?

a)

Golgi Bodies

b)

Rough ER

c)

Smooth ER

d)

Lysosome

21.

Tay Sachs results from a build-up of fats due to an error in which organelle that is responsible for digesting macromolecules?

a)

Rough ER

b)

Smooth ER

c)

Lysosome

d)

Golgi Bodies

22.

Which of the following observations best supports the claim that mitochondria evolved from once-free-living prokaryotic cells by the process of endocytosis?

a)

Mitochondria produce ATP

b)

Mitochondria contain proteins

c)

Mitochondria exchange substances with the cytosol.

d)

Mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane.

23.

Why does compartmentalization exist?

a)

Make certain areas that are fit for the cell to function the best.

b)

Increase Surface area and allow for unspecialization

c)

Decrease Surface area and allow for specialization

24.

Bacteria are an example of a ____ cell.

a)

prokaryotic

b)

eukaryotic

c)

plant

d)

animal

25.

Which of the following is a reason that cells are so small?

a)

Cells are small because they want to maximize their surface area-to-volume ratio.

b)

Cells are small because they want to maximize their volume-to-surface area ratio.

c)

Cells are small because they need to produce extremely small macromolecules.

d)

Cells are small because they prefer to work together in clusters of many thousands that wouldn't otherwise fit anywhere.

26.

Which of the following is one way that cells increase their surface area without increasing their size?

a)

Cells will often include perfectly spherical membranes.

b)

Cells will often include folds in their membranes.

c)

Cells will often include holes in their membranes.

d)

Cells will maximize their volume.

27.

What is the primary role of aquaporins?

a)

To transport water across the membrane.

b)

To change the state of water from gas to liquid.

c)

To pump water into the mitochondria for cellular respiration.

d)

To use water for hydrolytic purposes.

28.
Which statement is correct about diffusion?
a)
It's very rapid over long distances.
b)
It's a passive process which molecules move from a region of higher to lower concentration.
c)
It requires an energy expenditure by the cell.
d)
It's an active process where molecules move from a region of lower to higher concentration.
29.
White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?
a)
pinocytosis
b)
osmosis
c)
phagocytosis
d)
exocytosis
30.
Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?
a)
CO2
b)
an amino acid
c)
starch
d)
glucose
31.
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except
a)
ribosomes.
b)
an endoplasmic reticulum.
c)
a cell wall.
d)
DNA.
32.

Which of the following describes the difference between channel and carrier transport proteins?

a)

channel proteins bind to solute to shuttle the solute across the membrane

b)

channel proteins provide a nonpolar channel through the membrane

c)

carrier proteins bind to solute to shuttle the solute across the membrane

d)

carrier proteins provide a nonpolar channel through the membrane

33.

Which of the following describes the difference between passive and active transport?

a)

passive transport involves moving solutes against the concentration gradient using ATP.

b)

active transport involves moving solutes against the concentration gradient using ATP.

c)

passive transport involves moving solutes with the concentration gradient using ATP.

d)

active transport involves moving solutes with the concentration gradient using ATP.

34.

What is the difference between the molecule transported in facilitated diffusion versus simple diffusion?

a)

facilitated diffusion involves nonpolar solute transport through a membrane protein

b)

simple diffusion involves nonpolar solute transport through a membrane protein

c)

facilitated diffusion involves polar solute transport through a membrane protein

d)

simple diffusion involved polar solute transport through a membrane protein

35.

Which of the following describes an appropriate water movement pathway?

a)

hypotonic solution to hypertonic solution

b)

hypertonic solution to hypotonic solution

c)

hypertonic solution to isotonic solution

d)

isotonic solution to hypotonic solution

36.

If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited?

a)

Movement of oxygen into a cell

b)

Movement of water through aquaporins

c)

Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient

d)

Facilitated diffusion of a permeable substance

37.

Tay Sachs results from a build-up of fats due to an error in which organelle that is responsible for digesting macromolecules?

a)

rough ER

b)

smooth ER

c)

lysosome

d)

Golgi Bodies

38.

During osmosis, water always moves from an area of ____ solute concentration to ____ solute concentration.

a)

high, high

b)

high, low

c)

low, low

d)

low, high

39.

Which substance would most easily pass through the cell membrane?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Glucose

c)

Sodium ions

d)

Water

40.

The hydrophilic head of the phospholipid ___ to interact with water and is said to be ____.

a)

Loves, polar

b)

Loves, nonpolar

c)

Hates, polar

d)

Hates, nonpolar

41.

Where are lipids formed?

a)

Rough ER

b)

Smooth ER

c)

Nucleus

d)

Ribosomes

42.
I am a protein packaging and shipping machine! Who am I?
a)
vacuole
b)
ribosome
c)
endoplasmic reticulum
d)
golgi apparatus
43.
What is the difference between rough and smooth ER?
a)
There is no difference.
b)
Plants have rough ER, animals have smooth ER.
c)
What type of injuries the Doctors treat.
d)
Rough has ribosomes, smooth does not.
44.
How can surface area (SA) be increased? 
a)
Grow larger
b)
Divide into smaller pieces
45.
For cells to stay alive they require what type of SA:V?
a)
Large SA, Large V
b)
Small SA, Large V
c)
Large SA, Small V
d)
Small SA, Small V
46.
High Surface area to volume ratio allows cells to do what quickly?
a)
Move materials around inside the cell
b)
Move materials in and out of the cell 
c)
Communicate to other cells
d)
Divide
47.
Microvilli are tiny projections that extend off the cell to increase the Surface Area.  What purpose might that serve? 
a)
Increased absorption
b)
Better communication among cells
c)
Maintain homeostasis 
d)
Decreased oxygen use
48.
Which cells are more efficient at obtaining nutrients?
a)
Small Cells
b)
Medium Size Cells
c)
Large Cells
d)
X-Large Cells
49.

The Endosymbiotic Theory explains

a)

the origin of prokaryotes

b)

how bacteria lives

c)

the origin of eukaryotes

d)

how species develop

50.

_____ and _____ are organelles that arose from endosymbiosis

a)

nucleus and cell membrane

b)

mitochondria and chloroplasts

c)

cell wall and chloroplasts

d)

mitochondria and nucleus

51.

Which of the following is evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory?

a)

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to prokaryotic DNA.

b)

Fossil evidence shows that the first forms of life were prokaryotic cells.

c)

All eukaryotic cells have a double-layered membrane composed of phosplipids and proteins.

d)

Prokaryotes have the same number and types of enzymes as eukaryotes.

52.
Which type of ribosome creates the most proteins that are transported out of the cell? 
a)
bound
b)
free-floating
53.
Which type of ribosome creates the most proteins that are used by the cell?
a)
bound
b)
free-floating
54.
What is the function of ribosomes? 
a)
to bond amino acids together to form proteins
b)
to break down biological polymers
c)
to modify lipids and proteins
d)
to contain 
DNA
55.

SER produces

a)

Nucleic acid

b)

 Carbohydrate

c)

Protein

d)

Lipid

56.

Smooth ER is involved in

a)

Phospholipid biosynthesis and detoxification reaction

b)

Phospholipid biosynthesis and protein synthesis

c)

Protein synthesis

d)

Phospholipid biosynthesis

57.

Rough ER are found in the cells which are actively synthesizing..

a)

Lipids

b)

Proteins that stay in the cell

c)

Proteins that leave the cell

d)

Nucleic acids

58.
Contains digestive enzymes to break down worn out parts of the cell.
a)
vacuole
b)
lysosome
c)
ribosome
d)
nucleolus
59.

The site of photosynthesis (contains thylakoids, ribosomes, and DNA)

a)
ribosome
b)
mitochondria
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
60.

Facilitated diffusion needs what to get particles from one side of the membrane to the other?

a)

a membrane-spanning protein

b)

a surface protein

c)

a phospholipid

d)

a carbohydrate

61.

Passive Transport is the movement of particles _________ the concentration gradient.

a)

with

b)

against

c)

opposing

d)

throughout

62.

What is the movement of particles with the concentration gradient using protein "helpers"?

a)

diffusion

b)

facilitated diffusion

c)

active transport

d)

enzymatic reactions

63.

The endomembrane system includes membrane-based organelles which work together to create, modify, and export cell products like proteins and lipids. These include:

a)
Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes
b)
Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes
c)

Nuclear envelope and several vesicle types

d)
Cytoskeleton, cell wall, and plasma membrane
64.

Why are organelles not in one big compartment?

a)

Organelles are too small

b)

They would crash and destroy other organelles

c)

So organelles can specialize

d)

To have specialized environments

65.

In the cell pictured, which way would water move?

a)

Into the cell, causing the cell to swell

b)

Out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink

c)

In and out of the cell equally, keeping the shape the same

66.

In the cell pictured, which way would water move?

a)

Into the cell, causing the cell to swell

b)

Out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink

c)

In and out of the cell equally, keeping the shape the same

67.

In the cell pictured, where would water move? 

a)

Into the cell, causing it to swell

b)

Out of the cell, causing it to shrink

c)

In and out of the cell equally, causing the shape to stay the same

68.

In the cell pictured, which way would water move?

a)

Into the cell, causing the cell to swell

b)

Out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink

c)

In and out of the cell equally, keeping the shape the same

69.

A plant cell with a Ψs\Psi s  of -7.5 bars keeps a constant volume when immersed in an open-beaker solution that has a  Ψs\Psi s  of -4 bars.  What is the cells  Ψp\Psi p  ?

a)

-4

b)

-7.5

c)

-3.5

d)

3.5

70.

What is the Ψs\Psi s   of a 1.0M sugar solution at 22 °\degree C under standard atmospheric conditions?

a)

-24.5 bars

b)

24.5 bars

c)

-2.45

d)

2.45

71.

At 22 °\degree C, zucchini cores are measured and determined to have a sucrose concentration of 0.36M. What is the Ψs\Psi s   of these cells and in which direction will the net flow of water be?

a)

0.64 net flow of water out of the cell

b)

-0.36 net flow of water into the cell

c)

8.17 net flow of water out of the cell

d)

-8.83 net flow of water into the cell

72.

NaCl dissociates into 2 particles in water: Na+ and Cl-. If the solution in question 4 contained 0.1M NaCl instead of 0.1M sucrose, what is the  Ψ\Psi  of the solution, and in which direction would the net flow of water be?

a)

-3.3 bars, net flow out of the root (into the solution)

b)

3.3 bars, net flow into the root

c)

-4.87 bars, net flow out of the root (into the solution)

d)

4.87 bars, net flow into the root

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