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Midterm Basics Review

Total questions: 137

Worksheet time: 2hrs 53mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a)

Presence of a cell wall

b)

Presence of a nucleus

c)

Ability to photosynthesize

d)

Size of the cell

2.

Which of the following organic molecules is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

a)

Proteins

b)

Lipids

c)

Carbohydrates

d)

Nucleic acids

3.

What is the shape of DNA?

a)

Single helix

b)

Double helix

c)

Triple helix

d)

Linear strand

4.

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Helicase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

5.

What is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA called?

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Transformation

6.

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

a)

Catalyzing biochemical reactions

b)

Storing genetic information

c)

Transporting molecules

d)

Providing structural support

7.

What phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the replication of DNA?

a)

G1 phase

b)

S phase

c)

G2 phase

d)

M phase

8.

Which type of cellular transport requires energy?

a)

Diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Active transport

d)

Facilitated diffusion

9.

What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

a)

Use of glucose

b)

Production of ATP

c)

Requirement of oxygen

d)

Occurrence in mitochondria

10.

Which of the following is a product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

a)

Lactic acid

b)

Ethanol

c)

Carbon dioxide

d)

Water

11.

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

12.

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in a cell?

a)

DNA replication

b)

Protein synthesis

c)

Lipid storage

d)

Energy production

13.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

a)

To provide energy to the cell

b)

To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

c)

To store genetic information

d)

To synthesize proteins

14.

Which of the following processes occurs during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

a)

DNA replication

b)

Cell growth

c)

Chromosome separation

d)

Cytokinesis

15.

Match the response to the stimulus.

a)
1.

shiver to generate warmth

b)
2.

drink water

c)
3.

sweat to cool off

d)
4.

eat

16.

Maintaining a stable internal

environment is called

a)

homeostasis

b)

equilibrium

c)

balance

d)

evenness

17.

The combination of chemical reactions through

which an organism builds up or breaks down

materials as it carries out its life processes is called ...

a)

absorption

b)

metabolism

c)

digestion

d)

consumption

18.
What is the most basic unit of life?
a)
cell
b)
tissue
c)
organ
d)
organ system
19.

An adult hydra is producing its offspring through budding. Which characteristic of life does this represent?

a)

All living things use energy

b)

All living things reproduce

c)

All living things contain cells

d)

All living things grow

20.

Why aren't viruses considered living things?

a)

They aren't made of cells

b)

They don't have DNA or RNA

c)

They make us sick

d)

They are made of protein

21.
What does it mean for something to be anaerobic?
a)
It requires CO2
b)
It does not require CO2
c)
It requires oxygen
d)
It does not require oxygen
22.
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
a)
Glucose and oxygen
b)
Carbon dioxide and water
c)
Lactic acid
d)
Carbon monoxide
23.

The correct word equation for aerobic respiration is

a)

carbon dioxide + water (+ energy) → glucose + oxygen

b)

water + oxygen → carbon dioxide + glucose (+ energy)

c)

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

d)

glucose + water → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

24.

What type of respiration requires oxygen?

a)

Aerobic

b)

Anaerobic

25.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
26.
Fermentation involves
a)
aerobic respiration
b)
anaerobic respiration 
27.
What does it mean for something to be anaerobic?
a)
It requires CO2
b)
It does not require CO2
c)
It requires oxygen
d)
It does not require oxygen
28.

This image shows the gas exchanged performed by an organelle. This organelle is most likely a...

a)

Mitochondrion

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Lysosome

d)

Nucleus

29.

This process is called...

a)

Cellular Respiration

b)

DNA Replication

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Photosystem II

30.

If I hold my breath for too long, I do not get oxygen. This is dangerous for my brain cells because...

a)

They cannot produce enough ATP

b)

They have too few mitochondria

c)

They make too many enzymes

d)

They dry out

31.

produces the most energy

a)

aerobic

b)

anaerobic

c)

both

32.

Requires glucose (sugar)

a)

aerobic

b)

anaerobic

c)

both

33.
How can photosynthesis be related to cellular respiration?
a)
What's produced (made) by one is needed (the reactants) for the other
b)
They both produce the same products
c)
They both have the same reactants (need the same things)
d)
These 2 processes have nothing in common
34.
What is the function of a carbohydrate?
(Why do I need this before a workout?)
a)
Quick energy
b)
Movement
c)
Stores genetic information
d)
Speeds up reactions
35.
What are the reactants for cellular respiration?
a)
glucose and carbon dioxide
b)
water and glucose
c)
glucose and ATP
d)
glucose and oxygen
36.
___________ are many monomers bonded together that form a larger molecule.
a)
Polymers
b)
Monomers
c)
Trinominers
d)
DNA
37.
The building blocks (monomers) or proteins are _______.
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Glycerol and fatty acids
38.
DNA and RNA are examples of 
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
39.
Nucleotides are the building blocks (monomers) of ______.
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
40.
A biological substance that speeds up a chemical reaction.
a)
sugar
b)
enzyme
c)
cellulose
d)
lipid
41.
What is the function of carbohydrates?
a)
store genetic information
b)
store energy (long-term)
c)
store energy (short-term)
d)
build skin, hair, nails, muscles
42.
Another word for a building block is a __________________.
a)
polymer
b)
monomer
c)
dimer
43.
What is a protein: 
a)
A polymer composed of many sugars.
b)
A polymer composed of many amino acids. 
c)
A polymer composed of fatty acids. 
d)
A polymer composed of nucleotides. 
44.

which bond does carbon mostly form

a)

hydrogen bond

b)

dipole-dipole

c)

covalent bond

45.

What is an example of a lipid?

a)
b)

c)

d)

46.

What is an example of a protein?

a)

b)

c)

d)

47.

What are examples of carbohydrates?

a)

triglycerides, waxes, fat, and oils

b)

form polypeptides such as antibodies, enzymes, and hormones

c)

glucose, fructose, cellulose, and lactose

d)

DNA and RNA

48.

What are examples of proteins?

a)

triglycerides, waxes, fats, and oils

b)

form polypeptides such as antibodies, enzymes, and hormones

c)

glucose, fructose, cellulose, and lactose

d)

DNA and RNA

49.

What are examples of lipids?

a)

triglycerides, waxes, fats, and oils

b)

form polypeptides such as antibodies, enzymes, and hormones

c)

glucose, fructose, cellulose, and lactose

d)

DNA and RNA

50.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the graph?

a)

The optimum temperature is 20C

b)

The optimum temperature is 38C

c)

The enzyme's activity continually increases as temperature increases.

d)

The enzyme's activity continually decreases as temperature increases.

51.

Enzymes are an example of

a)

Lipids

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acid

52.
Letter D...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
53.
Letter C...
a)
active site
b)
enzymes
c)
substrate
d)
products
54.
An enzyme speeds up a reaction by
a)
lowering the activation energy.
b)
raising the activation energy.
c)
releasing energy.
d)
absorbing energy.
55.

What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?

a)

The enzymes die.

b)

The shape of the enzyme are changed and it denatures

c)

The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.

d)

The enzymes remain the same

56.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
57.
What is the function of an enzyme?
a)
enzymes break themselves into small pieces
b)
enzymes slow down chemical reactions
c)
enzymes speed up chemical reactions
d)
enzymes combine products to form reactants 
58.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
CAT TCA CTG
a)

ATG TGA CAG

b)

TAC ACT GTC

c)

GTA AGT GAC

d)

CAT TCA CTG

59.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
60.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
61.
The process of DNA replication is called semi conservative because it results in
a)
none of these
b)
Two DNA molecules.  One original molecule and one with two new strands
c)
two exact copies with new strands
d)
two identical molecules, each with 1 original strand and one new.
62.

DNA is located in the _____ in eukaryotic cells.

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

mitochondria

d)

ribosome

63.

What is the backbone of DNA made of?

a)

sugar and phosphate

b)

nitrogen bases

c)

sugar and nitrogen bases

d)

phosphate and nitrogen bases

64.

The shape of DNA is arranged as:

a)

a double helix

b)

one strand of nucleotides

c)

squiggly lines

d)

a single nucleotide

65.

A gene is...

a)

A segment of DNA with the information necessary to synthesize a protein

b)

A segment of DNA with the information necessary to synthesize carbohydrates

c)

A long chromosome

d)

A segment of DNA that carries out DNA replication

66.
A single piece of coiled DNA found in the cells; contains genes that encode traits.
a)

gene

b)

chromosome

c)

trait

d)

DNA

67.

In DNA Adenine pairs with:

a)

Cytosine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Uracil

68.

In RNA Adenine pairs with:

a)

Cytosine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Uracil

69.

Please label the cell pictured.

a)

nucleus

b)

cell membrane

c)

organelles

1
2
3
1)
2)
3)
70.
Transcription takes place in the 
a)
cytoplasm
b)
ribosome
c)
mitochondrion
d)
nucleus
71.

What is the result of transcription?

a)

The synthesis of RNA from protein

b)

The synthesis of protein from RNA

c)

The synthesis of protein from DNA

d)

The synthesis of RNA from DNA

72.

What is the result of translation?

a)

The synthesis of RNA from protein

b)

The synthesis of protein from RNA

c)

The synthesis of protein from DNA

d)

The synthesis of RNA from DNA

73.

What role does the mRNA play in protein synthesis?

a)

mRNA modifies the original DNA strand

b)

mRNA mutates to form protein

c)

mRNA is the transcribed message from a DNA sequence

d)

mRNA moves the amino acids

74.

Codons represent a...

a)

triplet sequence of bases

b)

single sequence of bases

c)

quadruple sequence of bases

d)

pair of bases

75.

A codon consists of ___ nucleotides?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

76.

Codons are located on the...

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

tRNA

77.
What is the mRNA strand that would result from the DNA template strand CCTA?
a)
GGAT
b)
CCAT
c)
GGAU
d)
CCAU
78.

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

79.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
80.

What is the location in the cell for translation?

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria in cytoplasm

c)

ribosome in cytoplasm

d)

chloroplast in cytoplasm

81.

What process is happening in the diagram?

a)

transcription

b)

translation

c)

dna replication

d)

mitosis

82.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
83.

A small section of RNA that transports amino acids

to the ribosome for synthesis into proteins.

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA

84.

Put the following stages of MITOSIS in order: anaphase, prophase, metaphase, and telophase.

a)

prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase

b)

prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

c)

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

d)

prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase

85.

What is the longest stage (cell spends 90% here) of the cell cycle called?

a)

Cytokinesis

b)

M phase

c)

Interphase

d)

G1 Phase

86.
Put the following actions in order: DNA replicates, cell grows, cell divides, cell prepares for mitosis. 
a)
DNA replicates, cell grows, cell prepares for mitosis, cell divides
b)
cell grows, cell prepares for mitosis, DNA replicates, cell divides
c)
cell grows, DNA replicates, cell prepares for mitosis, cell divides
d)
DNA replicates, cell prepares for mitosis, cell grows, cell divides
87.
The phase in mitosis where chromosomes move away and are pulled apart by spindles to opposite sides of the cell.
a)
prophase
b)
anaphase
c)
metaphase
d)
telephase
88.
In mitosis, the two resulting cells are
a)
different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
b)
different from the starting cell and different from each other.
c)
identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
d)
identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.
89.
Structure A refers to the _____.
a)
chromatid
b)
chromosome
c)
centromere
90.

What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle?

a)

cell growth

b)

mitosis

c)

DNA replication

91.

Select all stages of interphase?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

Mitosis

92.

(A) the time in-between divisions (90% of the cell cycle)

a)

interphase

b)

mitotic phase

c)

mitosis

d)

cytokinesis

93.

(B) when the cell is growing and performing its metabolism (aka its job)

a)

G1

b)

G2

c)

G3

d)

S

94.

(G) When the cytoplasm is dividing

a)

G3

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

Interphase

d)

Mitosis

95.

(C) When the cell is making a copy of its DNA (aka, duplicating the chromosomes)

a)

Mitosis

b)

G1

c)

G2

d)

S

96.

(D) When the cell is growing and preparing to divide

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

mitosis

97.

True or False: Cancer is the result of the cell cycle that has become out of control.

a)

True

b)

False

98.

True or False: Cells in the G0 phase never replicate.

a)

True

b)

Fasle

99.

Why are cancer cells are never in the G0 phase?

a)

they are always dividing

b)

they never divide

c)

they divide too slowly

d)

they replicate their cytoplasm

100.

When cells leave the cell cycle, they exit during G1 phase and then enter G0 phase, a resting period. Most normal cells can leave G0 phase and reenter the cell cycle at G1 phase before entering S phase. Cancer cells are different because they cannot enter G0 phase and are likely to do which of the following?

a)

Fail to complete S phase

b)

Mutate during G1 phase

c)

Repeat the cell cycle continuously

d)

Die after completing mitosis

101.
What phase is this?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telephase
102.
What phase is this?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telephase
103.

The cell membrane...

a)

controls the cell and contains DNA

b)

is used for structure and support

c)

controls what enters and leaves the cell

d)

makes ribosomes

104.

B is pointing to the

a)

polar hydrophilic heads

b)

nonpolar hydrophobic heads

c)

polar hydrophilic tails

d)

nonpolar hydrophobic tails

105.

A is pointing to the

a)

polar hydrophilic heads

b)

nonpolar hydrophobic heads

c)

polar hydrophilic tails

d)

nonpolar hydrophobic tails

106.
a)

Passive transport is shown

b)

Active transport is shown

107.

Which side of the membrane has a HIGH concentration?

a)

left

b)

right

c)

top

d)

bottom

108.

The type of transport that goes against the concentration gradient and requires energy is...

a)

passive transport

b)

facilitated diffusion

c)

active transport

d)

osmosis

109.

What cell transport is shown in the picture?

a)

Facilitated Diffusion

b)

Membrane pump

c)

Diffusion

d)

Endocytosis

110.

Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a membrane.

a)

food

b)

energy

c)

oxygen

d)

water

111.

Where will the water go?

a)

Into the cell

b)

Out of the cell

c)

Equally in & out

d)

The water will not move

112.

A blood cell is placed into the jar, as seen. Where will the water go?

a)

Into the cell

b)

Out of the cell

c)

Equally in & out

d)

The water will not move

113.

Why can't you drink salt water?

a)

It's hypertonic to your cells

b)

It's hypotonic to your cells

c)

It's isotonic to your cells

d)

It's paratonic to your cells

114.

Which cell is placed into a hypotonic environment?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

115.

Which phase of meiosis is shown in the picture?

a)

Prophase II

b)

Metaphase II

c)

Telophase I

d)

Telophase II

116.

Which phase of meiosis does the picture on the left happen?

a)

prophase I

b)

prophase II

c)

metaphase I

d)

telophase II

117.

After meiosis II, which of the following is true about the cells that are produced?

a)

Four cells are produced. They are identical to each other and each contains half the number of chromosomes that the parent cell has.

b)

Four cells are produced. Each is unique and contains half the number of chromosomes that the parent cell has.

c)

Four cells are produced. Each is unique and contains the same number of chromosomes that the parent cell has.

d)

Two cells are produced. Each is unique and contains the same number of chromosomes that the parent cell has.

118.

What effect does crossing over has in terms of traits of offspring?

a)

Results in identical traits of offsprings.

b)

Causes variation in the traits of offsprings.

c)

It really does nothing to the traits of offspring.

119.

The four cells that are produced after Meiosis are _______.

a)

haploid because they contain just half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

b)

diploid because they contain as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

c)

diploid because they contain twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

120.

In which stage of MEIOSIS does crossing over occur? (The exchange of genetic material between chromosomes in a tetrad.)

a)

Anaphase I

b)

Metaphase I

c)

Prophase I

d)

Telophase I

121.

A Goat has 60 chromosomes in its body cells.  How many chromosomes would you expect to be in a goat's egg cell?

a)

60

b)

30

c)

100

d)

120

122.
Mitosis produces cells with haploid or diploid number of chromosomes?
a)
Haploid
b)
Diploid
123.
Meiosis produces cells with a haploid or diploid number of chromosomes?
a)
Haploid
b)
Diploid
124.
What happens in Meiosis that causes the cells produced to be unique?
a)
Metaphase 2
b)
Interphase
c)
Splitting of Cytoplasm
d)
Crossing Over
125.

Which of the following are CORRECT observations about the differences between MITOSIS and MEIOSIS? (Check all that apply.)

a)

Mitosis produces cells that identical to the parent cell.

b)

Meiosis produces cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

c)

All cells go through INTERPHASE as part of the cell cycle, whether it goes to mitosis or meiosis next.

d)

In both types of cell division, the chromosomes are only duplicated once.

e)

Only in Mitosis, do you see chromosomes pair up to form a tetrad.

126.

These are the chromosomes of someone with Kleinfelters syndrome. What is different about their chromosomes?

a)

There is only one Y chromosome

b)

One of the 5th chromosomes is too curved

c)

There is an extra X chromosome

d)

There are too few chromosomes

127.

Homologous chromosomes differ in that they may...

a)

carry different genes

b)

be a different size

c)

carry different alles for the same genes

d)

have centromeres in different locations

128.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
129.

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?

a)

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

b)

They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

c)

They often delete things that organisms need.

d)

Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

130.
Mutations affect the ________ of a protein. Because of this the proteins ______ is affected as well. 
a)
gene, function 
b)
sequence, gene
c)
shape,function
131.

How many females are carriers in this family?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

132.
How much of your DNA do you inherit from your mom?
a)
10%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
it varies
133.
Is this trait (the shaded individuals) dominant or recessive?
a)
dominant
b)
recessive
134.
The bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together come from...
a)
the attraction of phosphate groups 
b)
strong bonds between  bases and sugars
c)
carbon to carbon bonds in the sugar
d)
weak hydrogen bonds between the bases
135.

Label the parts of the Cell Cycle

a)

G1

b)

S phase

c)

G2

d)

Mitosis

1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
136.

Match the following

a)

Genetic material condenses

1.

Prophase

b)

Chromosomes line up in middle of cell

2.

Metaphase

c)

Sister chromatid moves apart

3.

Anaphase

d)

The cell starts to split into two

4.

Telophase

e)

Cell growth, and DNA replicates

5.

Interphase

137.

Cells spend most of their lives in which phase?

a)

Interphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Telophase

d)

Metaphase

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