WorksheetsBlood and Its Functions
Total questions: 86
Worksheet time: 43mins
What is the only type of connective tissue with a liquid matrix?
Bone
Cartilage
Blood
Adipose tissue
What is the primary function of blood in the body?
Provides structural support
Transports vital substances and regulates processes for homeostasis
Stores energy
Protects against UV radiation
What percentage of body weight does blood typically constitute?
5%
8%
10%
12%
Where do blood cells primarily form?
Yellow bone marrow
Liver
Red bone marrow
Spleen
What are the components of blood cells referred to as?
Liquid elements
Formed elements
Structural elements
Functional elements
What percentage of a centrifuged blood sample is made up of plasma?
About 55%
About 45%
About 35%
About 25%
Where are red blood cells (RBCs) found in a centrifuged blood sample?
Top of the centrifuge tube
Middle of the centrifuge tube
Bottom of the centrifuge tube
Evenly distributed throughout the tube
What is the percentage range of red blood cells (RBCs) in females?
25 to 36%
35 to 46%
45 to 56%
55 to 66%
What is the term used for the percentage of red blood cells in a blood sample?
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Plasma
Buffy coat
What component of blood makes up less than 1% of the blood volume in a centrifuged sample?
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells and platelets
Hematocrit
What is the origin of blood cells according to the document?
Hematopoietic stem cells in the red marrow
Lymphoid stem cells in the spleen
Myeloid stem cells in the liver
Hemocytoblasts in the pancreas
Which type of stem cells give rise to lymphocytes?
Myeloid stem cells
Hemocytoblasts
Lymphoid stem cells
Erythroid stem cells
What do myeloid stem cells give rise to?
Only red blood cells
Only lymphocytes
All other types of formed elements
Only platelets
What is another name for red blood cells?
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
Lymphocytes
What shape do red blood cells have?
Spherical
Cuboidal
Biconcave disc
Cylindrical
What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
Transporting carbon dioxide
Transporting oxygen
Producing ATP
Dividing cells
Which of the following is true about red blood cells?
They have nuclei
They can divide
They lack mitochondria
They produce ATP through the Krebs cycle
Where does red blood cell (RBC) formation occur?
In the liver
In the red bone marrow
In the heart
In the lungs
What stimulates RBC production when blood oxygen levels are low?
Insulin
Adrenaline
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Glucagon
What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?
60 days
90 days
120 days
150 days
Which of the following is required for DNA synthesis during erythropoiesis?
Calcium
Vitamin B12 and folic acid
Vitamin C
Potassium
What is anemia?
A condition with excess RBCs
A condition with reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
A condition with high blood pressure
A condition with low blood sugar
What is the primary function of white blood cells (leukocytes)?
Transport oxygen
Protect against disease
Produce hormones
Store energy
Where are white blood cells produced?
In the liver
In the red bone marrow
In the pancreas
In the kidneys
Which of the following is a type of granulocyte?
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Erythrocytes
What controls the production of white blood cells?
Enzymes
Interleukins and colony-stimulating factors
Neurotransmitters
Vitamins
Which type of white blood cell does not have noticeable granules?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
What percentage of leukocytes do neutrophils make up?
10% to 20%
30% to 40%
54% to 70%
80% to 90%
What is another name for neutrophils?
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Basophils
Which type of white blood cell is elevated in bacterial infections?
Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
What is the function of eosinophils in the immune response?
Moderate allergic reactions
Produce antibodies
Destroy cancer cells
Activate T-cells
What type of nucleus do eosinophils have?
Single-lobed nucleus
Bilobed nucleus
Trilobed nucleus
No nucleus
What is the primary function of basophils?
Phagocytize bacteria
Release histamine to stimulate inflammation
Become macrophages
Produce antibodies
Which type of white blood cell is the largest?
Basophils
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Eosinophils
What percentage of leukocytes do monocytes make up?
Less than 1%
3% to 9%
10% to 15%
20% to 25%
What is a characteristic feature of basophils?
Agranulocytes
Spherical nuclei
Granules that stain deep blue in basic stain
Kidney-shaped nuclei
What do monocytes become when they leave the bloodstream?
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Basophils
Eosinophils
What is the size comparison of lymphocytes to red blood cells (RBCs)?
Smaller than RBCs
Larger than RBCs
Same size as RBCs
Not comparable to RBCs
What is a characteristic feature of the nucleus in lymphocytes?
Small and irregular
Large and spherical
Oval and flat
Triangular and dense
Which of the following are the major types of lymphocytes?
Neutrophils and eosinophils
T cells and B cells
Monocytes and basophils
Platelets and erythrocytes
What is the primary function of T cells?
Produce antibodies
Directly attack pathogens and tumor cells
Transport oxygen
Clot blood
What percentage of leukocytes do lymphocytes constitute?
10% to 15%
25% to 33%
50% to 60%
70% to 80%
What are platelets also known as?
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
Lymphocytes
What is the normal platelet count in the blood?
50,000 to 100,000/µL
150,000 to 400,000/µL
500,000 to 1,000,000/µL
10,000 to 50,000/µL
What hormone stimulates the production of platelets?
Insulin
Thrombopoietin
Adrenaline
Melatonin
What condition is characterized by a platelet count that is too high?
Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
Thrombocytosis
Leukopenia
What role do platelets play in the body?
Oxygen transport
Immune response
Hemostasis
Hormone regulation
What percentage of blood volume is made up by plasma?
45%
55%
65%
75%
What is the primary component of blood plasma by percentage?
Proteins
Salts
Water
Hormones
What color is blood plasma typically described as?
Red
Blue
Clear, straw-colored
Green
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood plasma?
Transporting nutrients
Regulating fluid balance
Producing red blood cells
Maintaining pH
What are plasma proteins primarily used for?
Energy source
Structural support
Most abundant dissolved substances
Oxygen transport
What are electrolytes in plasma known for?
They are solid at room temperature.
They can conduct electricity.
They are non-reactive.
They do not ionize in water.
Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte found in blood plasma?
Sodium
Potassium
Glucose
Calcium
Where are electrolytes absorbed from?
The skin
The intestine
The lungs
The liver
Which two electrolytes are the most abundant in plasma?
Calcium and Magnesium
Sodium and Chloride
Potassium and Phosphate
Bicarbonate and Sulfate
What is the primary function of hemostasis?
Increase blood flow
Stoppage of bleeding
Enhance oxygen delivery
Reduce blood pressure
Which of the following actions is NOT involved in limiting or preventing blood loss?
Blood vessel spasm
Platelet plug formation
Blood coagulation
Oxygen transport
In which type of blood vessel injuries are blood vessel spasm and platelet plug formation most effective?
Large blood vessel injuries
Small blood vessel injuries
Capillary injuries
Arterial injuries
What type of surfaces do platelets adhere to in order to form a plug?
Smooth surfaces
Rough surfaces
Slippery surfaces
Transparent surfaces
Which chemical factor is involved in the platelet plug formation process?
Hemoglobin
Insulin
Von Willebrand factor
Adrenaline
What substances do platelets release during the formation of a platelet plug?
Serotonin and thromboxane A
Dopamine and adrenaline
Glucose and insulin
Calcium and potassium
What is required to stop bleeding in larger vessels?
Platelet plug
Coagulation
Vasodilation
Osmosis
What is the most effective hemostatic mechanism that occurs within 5 to 15 minutes?
Blood coagulation
Blood pressure regulation
Heart rate adjustment
Oxygen transport
What is the process called where a blood clot forms in a series of reactions, with each step activating the next?
Cascade
Chain reaction
Sequence
Cycle
What are the two methods that initiate blood coagulation?
Extrinsic and Intrinsic clotting mechanisms
Internal and External pathways
Primary and Secondary responses
Direct and Indirect methods
What are the chemicals used in coagulation called?
Clotting factors
Enzymes
Hormones
Proteins
Which vitamin is necessary for the functioning of some clotting factors?
Vitamin K
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
What is the major event in blood coagulation involving fibrinogen?
Conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble threads of fibrin
Breakdown of fibrinogen into amino acids
Transformation of fibrinogen into glucose
Dissolution of fibrinogen in plasma
In what year was the ABO blood antigen gene identified, explaining blood type incompatibilities?
1900
1910
1920
1930
What distinguishes blood types on the surfaces of red blood cells?
Lipids
Proteins (antigens)
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
What is required for safe blood transfusions?
Knowing the blood types of donor and recipient
Matching blood pressure levels
Checking for blood sugar levels
Ensuring similar blood volume
What is the process of cross matching in blood transfusions?
Matching blood pressure
Matching blood volume
Matching donor RBCs with recipient’s serum
Matching blood sugar levels
What are antigens?
Proteins in blood plasma that react against a specific antigen
Any molecules that evoke an immune response
Clumping of RBCs
Symptoms of a transfusion reaction
What role do antibodies play in the immune system?
They evoke an immune response
They are molecules that cause clumping of RBCs
They react against a specific antigen
They are symptoms of a transfusion reaction
What happens during an incompatible blood transfusion?
The recipient's antibodies clump the donor RBCs
The donor's antibodies clump the recipient RBCs
The recipient's RBCs clump the donor antibodies
The donor's RBCs clump the recipient antibodies
Which antigens are most likely to cause serious transfusion reactions?
Antigens of the ABO and Rh groups
Antigens of the A and B groups
Antigens of the O and Rh groups
Antigens of the AB and O groups
What are some symptoms of a transfusion reaction?
Fever and chills
Anxiety, breathing problems, facial flushing
Nausea and vomiting
Dizziness and fatigue
What are the two major antigens on red blood cell membranes that determine the ABO blood group?
Antigen X and Antigen Y
Antigen A and Antigen B
Antigen C and Antigen D
Antigen E and Antigen F
What are antigens A and B classified as?
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
What must be ensured for transfusion compatibility?
Antibodies in recipient's plasma bind to donor's RBC antigens
Antibodies in recipient's plasma do not bind to donor's RBC antigens
Antibodies in donor's plasma bind to recipient's RBC antigens
Antibodies in donor's plasma do not bind to recipient's RBC antigens
Which blood type contains Antigen A on RBC membranes and Anti-B antibodies in plasma?
Type O
Type B
Type A
Type AB
Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O
Why can Type O blood be donated to any blood type?
It has both antigens A and B
It lacks antigens A and B
It has only antigen A
It has only antigen B
Which blood type is known as the universal recipient?
Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O
Why can individuals with Type AB blood receive donor RBCs of any type?
They have both Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies
They lack both Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies
They have only Anti-A antibodies
They have only Anti-B antibodies
