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ENVI Policy (Midterm)

Total questions: 81

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Agenda 21 was signed during the...

a)

2015 Paris Conference

b)

2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development

c)

1985 Vienna Convention

d)

1992 Rio Conference

e)

1987 World Commission on Environment and Development

2.

Marked the beginning of the era of Sustainable Development

a)

2015 Paris Conference

b)

2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development

c)

1985 Vienna Convention

d)

1992 Rio Conference

e)

1987 World Commission on Environment and Development

3.

The SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) were conceived at the...

a)

2015 Paris Conference

b)

2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development

c)

1985 Vienna Convention

d)

1992 Rio Conference

e)

1987 World Commission on Environment and Development

4.

What is Agenda 21?

a)

A binding action plan for sustainable development adopted by the UN in 1992.

b)
A program for economic growth in developing countries.
c)
A set of guidelines for military cooperation among nations.
d)
An initiative to promote urbanization in rural areas.
e)
A non-binding action plan for sustainable development adopted by the UN in 1992.
5.

Caused radioactive fallout that affected many European countries, leading to legal frameworks addressing cross-border environmental damage

a)
Fukushima disaster
b)
Three Mile Island accident
c)
Nuclear test in Nevada
d)
Chernobyl disaster
e)
Hiroshima bombing
6.

Regarded as the worst air pollution recorded in history (2013), the Chinese government chose to give out false data regarding it

a)

Airpocalypse

b)

Chernobyl disaster

c)

Bhopal disaster

d)

Great Smog

e)

Dust Bowl

7.

A ________ agreement is one between two countries

a)

bilateral

b)

multilateral

c)

liberal

d)

realist

e)

constructivist

8.

A ________ agreement is one between three or more countries

a)

bilateral

b)

multilateral

c)

liberal

d)

realist

e)

constructivist

9.

What year was the United Nations founded?

a)
1965
b)
1939
c)
1945
d)
1950
e)
1940
10.

This graph displays the...

a)

Lorenz Curve

b)

Kunzets Curve

c)

Laffer Curve

d)

Phillips Curve

e)

Gupta Curve

11.

What does anthropocentric mean?

a)

Human-centered

b)

Animal-focused

c)

Nature-centered

d)

Technology-driven

e)

Economy-oriented

12.

The Montreal Protocol was a ________ agreement.

a)

binding

b)

non-binding

13.

The Paris Agreement was a ________ agreement.

a)

binding

b)

non-binding

14.

What's the difference between a binding and nonbinding agreement?

a)

A binding agreement requires a witness, while a nonbinding agreement does not.

b)

A binding agreement is optional, while a nonbinding agreement is mandatory.

c)

A binding agreement is informal, while a nonbinding agreement is formal.

d)

A binding agreement is enforceable by law, while a nonbinding agreement is not.

e)

Both binding and nonionding agreements are legally enforceable.

15.

1985. Vienna Convention for protection of...

a)

Marine Life

b)

Human Rights

c)

Endangered Species

d)

Biodiversity

e)

the Ozone Layer

16.

Comprises of all the entities that define and implement policies in different issue areas of the environment, such as climate change, pollution, endangered species protection, land degradation, etc., at the international level

a)

National environmental policy

b)

Local conservation efforts

c)

Corporate sustainability initiatives

d)

Biodiversity action plans

e)

International environmental regime

17.

What do SDGs stand for in the context of this class?

a)
Sustainable Development Guidelines
b)
Sustainable Design Goals
c)
Social Development Goals
d)
Sustainable Development Goals
e)
Strategic Development Goals
18.

"For several decades, states have taken IOs more seriously than have scholars."

IO stands for...

a)
Incorporated Organizations
b)
Intelligence Organizations
c)
Intergovernmental Organizations
d)
International Organizations
e)
International Operations
19.

This theory focuses on the role of ideas in shaping the international system.

a)
Behaviorism
b)
Nationalism
c)
Structuralism
d)
Constructivism
e)
Postcolonialism
20.

This theory believes that the core concepts in international relations are socially constructed, and can change.

a)
Behaviorism
b)
Nationalism
c)
Structuralism
d)
Constructivism
e)
Postcolonialism
21.

This theory focuses on economic interdependence and domestic-level factors.

a)
Feminism
b)
Constructivism
c)
Realism
d)
Liberalism
e)
Marxism
22.

This theory believes states should use diplomacy, international institutions, and commerce to build peaceful relationships with other states

a)
Feminism
b)
Constructivism
c)
Realism
d)
Liberalism
e)
Marxism
23.

This theory believe states are motivated by national interests and act primarily to maintain their security and influence.

a)
Feminism
b)
Constructivism
c)
Realism
d)
Liberalism
e)
Marxism
24.

This theory focuses on power and the struggle for it among states.

a)
Constructivism
b)
Marxism
c)
Feminism
d)
Realism
e)
Liberalism
25.

  1. International relations theory explains different theories behind cooperation. Which of the following does not hold true for Realism:

a)

States will only cooperate if it is in their national interest

b)

State’s actions are a product of national interests

c)

States are key actors, but institutions influence both the behavior and the preferences

d)

All of the above

26.

What is represented in this image?

a)

Greenwashing

b)

Carbon Tax

c)

Carbon Offsets

d)

Cap and Trade

e)

Solar Energy

27.

What year was the Montreal Protocol signed?

a)
1987
b)
2000
c)
1995
d)

1981

e)
1990
28.

What was the purpose of the Montreal Protocol?

a)
To increase greenhouse gas emissions.
b)
To promote the use of fossil fuels.
c)
To enhance industrial production.
d)
To protect the ozone layer by phasing out ozone-depleting substances.
e)
To support the development of new refrigerants.
29.

What are the three currents of environmentalism?

a)

Cult of Wilderness

b)

Trade of the Climate

c)

Gospel of Eco-efficiency

d)

Environmentalism of the Poor

e)

Protection of Marine Life

30.

What is Tragedy of the Commons?

a)
A historical event related to the Industrial Revolution.
b)
A concept that promotes the privatization of all resources.
c)
A theory about individual success in competitive markets.
d)
A philosophical idea about personal responsibility in society.
e)

A situation where individuals overuse and deplete a shared resource.

31.

Won the 2009 Nobel prize, made her life’s work to show the diversity of institutions humans have created to manage our shared environment

a)

Paula Krugman

b)

Jennifer Stiglitz

c)
Amartya Sen
d)
Elinor Ostrom
e)

Mel Gladwell

32.

Whose argument regarding the Tragedy of the Commons does this belong to?

Overpopulation and lack of regulation is a problem. External intervention in the form of state or private control is important.

a)
Thomas Malthus
b)
Elinor Ostrom
c)
David Ricardo
d)
Garrett Hardin
e)
John Stuart Mill
33.

Whose argument regarding the Tragedy of the Commons does this belong to?

Shared examples of long-lasting communities that have maintained and shared resources effectively.

a)
Thomas Malthus
b)
Elinor Ostrom
c)
David Ricardo
d)
Garrett Hardin
e)
John Stuart Mill
34.

Who developed the Kunzet Curve?

a)

Simon Kuznets

b)

Margaret Kuznets

c)

Tim Kuznets

d)

Willard Kuznets

e)

Bob Smith

35.

Which letter(s) represents turning point income?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

A and C

e)

All of the above

36.

Which letter(s) represents developing economies?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

A and C

e)

All of the above

37.

Which letter(s) represents developed economies?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

A and C

e)

All of the above

38.

Which letter(s) represents environmental decay?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

A and C

e)

All of the above

39.

Which letter(s) represents environmental improvement?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

A and C

e)

All of the above

40.

The first major international agreement to reduce carbon signed in 1997.

(a)  

41.

Conference that resulted in the development of UNEP.

a)
1985 International Environmental Conference
b)
1980 World Conservation Strategy
c)

1972 UN Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm

d)

1992 Rio Conference

e)

2015 Paris Conference

42.

Acts as a forum for monitoring global environmental trends, convening international meetings and conferences, and negotiating international agreements

a)
Global Environment Facility (GEF)
b)
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
c)
Greenpeace
d)
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
e)
World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
43.

UNEP’s most important achievements are the...

a)

Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol

b)

Rio Conference and Paris Conference

c)

Airpocalypse and Chernobyl

d)

Stockholm Conference and World Commission

e)

Cult of Wilderness and Gospel of Eco-efficiency

44.

A game where two individuals do not cooperate, even though they rationally ought to

a)

Tragedy of the commons

b)

Prisoner's dilemma

c)

Free-rider problem

45.

Individuals enjoy a benefit without contributing back, because there is no cost associated with doing so.

a)

Tragedy of the commons

b)

Prisoner's dilemma

c)

Free-rider problem

46.

Individuals in the commons act according to their personal interest, thus depleting the resource

a)

Tragedy of the commons

b)

Prisoner's dilemma

c)

Free-rider problem

47.

Who said...

"Of course, humans can deplete finite resources. This often happens when we lack appropriate institutions to manage them. But let's not credit Hardin for that common insight. Hardin wasn't making an informed scientific case. Instead, he was using concerns about environmental scarcity to justify racial discrimination."

a)

Elinor Ostrom

b)

Matto Mildenburger

c)

Gifford Pinchot

d)

John Muir

e)

Garret Hardin

48.

This image represents...

a)

the environmental Kuznet curve

b)

Planetary Boundaries

c)

the Sustainable Development Goals

d)

temperature rates

e)

CO2 rates

49.

What is the first stage(s) in the policy process?

a)

Legitimation

b)

Policy

evaluation

c)

Problem recognition & Agenda setting

d)

Policy

implementation

e)

Policy formulation

50.

What is the last stage(s) in the policy process?

a)

Legitimation

b)

Policy

evaluation

c)

Problem recognition & Agenda setting

d)

Policy

implementation

e)

Policy formulation

51.

Which stage(s) in the policy process does this refer to?

Identifying problems that require government attention, deciding which issues deserve the most attention and defining the nature of the problem.

a)

Problem recognition & Agenda setting

b)

Policy formulation

c)

Legitimation

d)

Policy

implementation

e)

Policy

evaluation

52.

Which stage(s) in the policy process does this refer to?

Setting objectives, identifying the cost and estimating the effect of solutions, choosing from a list of solutions and selecting policy instruments

a)

Problem recognition & Agenda setting

b)

Policy formulation

c)

Legitimation

d)

Policy

implementation

e)

Policy

evaluation

53.

Which stage(s) in the policy process does this refer to?

Assessing the extent to which the policy was successful; if the policy was appropriate, implemented correctly, and had the desired effect.

a)

Problem recognition & Agenda setting

b)

Policy formulation

c)

Legitimation

d)

Policy

implementation

e)

Policy

evaluation

54.

Involves the ways in which cognitive bias informs choices.

a)

Nudge method

b)

Blurting method

c)

DLS method

d)

Loomis method

e)

Prisoner method

55.

The process of shaping the interpretation of a social problem- elevating one view over another and driving policy in a particular direction

(a)  

56.

A course of action that creates the desired objective in the people's interest in a given country

(a)  

57.

The systematic observation of natural events and conditions in order to discover facts about them and to formulate laws and principles based on these facts

(a)  

58.

An interdisciplinary field that seeks to understand the complex interactions between human and environmental systems to promote long-term ecological health, social equity, and economic viability

( (a)   science)

59.

Which letter represents the North?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

Both

60.

Which letter represents the South?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

Both

61.

Refers to countries and regions that are generally less economically developed, often located in Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, Asia, and Oceania.

a)

Global North

b)

Global East

c)

Global South

d)

Global West

e)

Global Center

62.

Refers to countries and regions that are generally wealthier and industrialized like those in North America, Western Europe, and parts of East Asia

a)

Global North

b)

Global East

c)

Global South

d)

Global West

e)

Global Center

63.

Historically, the __________ has been associated with former colonies or regions that have experienced exploitation and marginalization in the global economic system. These countries often face challenges such as poverty, inequality, and underdevelopment.

a)

Global North

b)

Global East

c)

Global South

d)

Global West

e)

Global Center

64.

Enacted to make the party responsible for producing pollution responsible for paying for the damage done to the natural environment

a)
Carbon Tax Initiative
b)
Sustainable Development Goals
c)
Polluter Pays Principle
d)
Clean Air Act
e)
Environmental Protection Act
65.

Largest intergovernmental organization of developing countries in the United Nations, which provides the means for the countries of the South to articulate and promote their collective economic interests and enhance their joint negotiating capacity on major international economic issues with the UN system.

a)
Alliance of Developing Nations (ADN)
b)
Group of 88 (G88)
c)
Group of 77 (G77)
d)
Coalition of Emerging Economies (CEE)
e)
United Nations Economic Group (UNEG)
66.

A concrete and stable organizational structure and an administrative apparatus managing collective activities.

(a)  

67.

Refers to the process of integrating specific issues, such as environmental sustainability, gender equality, or social justice, into core policies

(a)  

68.

CBOs are ________ organizations.

a)

Customer-based

b)

Congressional-based

c)

Company-based

d)

Community-based

e)

Credential-based

69.

In which areas does the US lead?

a)

Endangered Species

b)

Climate Change

c)

Biodiversity

d)

Ozone Depletion

e)

Trade in Hazardous Wastes

70.

In which areas does the US NOT lead?

a)

Endangered Species

b)

Climate Change

c)

Biodiversity

d)

Ozone Depletion

e)

Trade in Hazardous Wastes

71.

China relies on this for more than 2/3rds of its energy

a)
Natural Gas
b)
Wind Energy
c)
Nuclear Energy
d)
Coal
e)
Hydroelectric Power
72.

UN, when established...

a)

did not have any environmental agenda or mandate

b)

only had environmental agenda or mandate

c)

had some environmental agenda or mandate

73.

Established the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

a)

1972 UN Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm

b)

1985 Vienna Convention

c)

1987 Montreal Protocol

d)

1987 World Commission on Environment and Development

e)

1992 Rio Conference

74.

Provided a framework for international cooperation to protect the ozone layer.

a)

1972 UN Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm

b)

1985 Vienna Convention

c)

1987 Montreal Protocol

d)

1987 World Commission on Environment and Development

e)

1992 Rio Conference

75.

Successful international treaty that aimed to phase out the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances

a)

1972 UN Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm

b)

1985 Vienna Convention

c)

1987 Montreal Protocol

d)

1987 World Commission on Environment and Development

e)

1992 Rio Conference

76.

Coined the concept of sustainable development; "Our Common Future"

a)

1972 UN Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm

b)

1985 Vienna Convention

c)

1987 Montreal Protocol

d)

1987 World Commission on Environment and Development

e)

1992 Rio Conference

77.

Resulted in key agreements, including Agenda 21

a)

1972 UN Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm

b)

1985 Vienna Convention

c)

1987 Montreal Protocol

d)

1987 World Commission on Environment and Development

e)

1992 Rio Conference

78.

Led to the establishment of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

a)

2015 Paris Conference

b)

1985 Vienna Convention

c)

1987 Montreal Protocol

d)

2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development

e)

1992 Rio Conference

79.

Adopted the Paris Agreement, aiming to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius

a)

2015 Paris Conference

b)

1985 Vienna Convention

c)

1987 Montreal Protocol

d)

2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development

e)

1992 Rio Conference

80.

What is this a critique of?

"The concept is strongly anthropocentric, and starts with the premise that human needs must be met before a state can address environmental problems."

a)

Sustainable Development

b)

Liberalism

c)

Conservation

d)

International Environmental Governance

e)

Marxism

81.

How many sustainable goals does UN have?

a)

20

b)

15

c)

17

d)

21

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