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WorksheetsAP Biology Unit 2 Cell Structure & Function
Total questions: 87
Worksheet time: 2hrs 9mins
What are ribosomes composed of?
DNA and protein
RNA and protein
Lipids and carbohydrates
DNA and RNA
Smooth ER functions include ______.
A) Protein synthesis
B) Lipid synthesis
C) DNA replication
D) Photosynthesis
Mitochondria have a ______ membrane.
Single
Double
Triple
Quadruple
Which of the following is a limitation of cell size and shape?
A) Restriction by surface area-to-volume ratio
B) Unlimited growth
C) Constant shape
D) No limitations
The role of phospholipids in the cell membrane is (a)
(a) is a direct consequence of membrane structure according to the fluid mosaic model.
What type of molecules pass through the membrane in small amounts?
Large polar molecules
Polar uncharged molecules
Ions
Proteins
Match the following descriptions with the orientation of phospholipids in the cell membrane.
Random
Orientation is not specific
Toward the aqueous environment
Hydrophilic heads face this direction
Away from the aqueous environment
Hydrophobic tails face this direction
Parallel to the membrane.
Alignment along the plane of the membrane
The structural framework of cell membranes includes phospholipids and ____.
DNA
RNA
Proteins
Sugars
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for active transport?
A) Metabolic energy
B) Membrane proteins
C) Concentration gradient
D) Aquaporins
What is the direction of water movement by osmosis?
From high water potential to low water potential
From low osmolarity to high osmolarity
From high solute concentration to low solute concentration
From low water potential to high water potential
Osmoregulatory mechanisms contribute to the health and survival of organisms by maintaining (a)
Fill in the blank: Membrane-bound organelles evolved from previously free-living prokaryotic cells via _______.
endosymbiosis
exocytosis
osmosis
diffusion
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Nucleus
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
Protein synthesis
Lipid synthesis
Modification and packaging of proteins
DNA replication
Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Presence of a nucleus
Absence of membrane-bound organelles
Large size compared to eukaryotic cells
Complex internal structure
Which process involves the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Active transport
Osmosis
Diffusion
Endocytosis
What is the primary role of the sodium-potassium pump in cellular transport?
To transport glucose into the cell
To maintain cell membrane potential
To facilitate osmosis
To synthesize ATP
Which type of cellular transport requires energy in the form of ATP?
Facilitated diffusion
Passive transport
Active transport
Simple diffusion
Particle of movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Active transport
Passive transport
Which type of passive transport uses transport proteins to transport items such as glucose through the membrane?
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Diffusion
Which type of diffusion is represented?
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Diffusion
Which type of solution has the same solute concentration inside of and outside of the cell?
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
The cell shrunk in size, which means it was placed in a ____ solution.
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
The cell expanded in size to the point of lysing (bursting), which means it was placed in a ____ solution.
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
If the concentration of a salt solution is LOWER OUTSIDE the cell than inside the cell,
draw an arrow to show what will happen by osmosis. (i.e. in what direction will water move)
When the concentration of dissolved particles is the same throughout a solution, the system is said to be in (a) .
True/False: Active transport always requires a transport protein to move materials across the cell membrane.
True
False
Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move material (a) the concentration gradient (low to high).
What is the process shown in the following picture?
Pimple popping
diffusion
exocytosis
endocytosis
Name the process shown in the following picture.
endocytosis
exocytosis
osmosis
difusion
In your own words, describe WHAT the amoeba is doing and HOW the amoeba is doing it. (*Your response must include: cell membrane, endocytosis, and vesicle.
True/False: Bulk transport requires energy (ATP) to move materials into and out of the cell.
True
False
Which of the following is an example of osmosis?
Water moving from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through a cell membrane
Water moving from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through diffusion
Water moving from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through active transport
Water moving from a more concentrated solution to a less concentrated solution through a cell membrane
What happens to a red blood cell when placed in a hypotonic solution?
The cell swells and may burst
The cell shrinks and may collapse
The cell remains the same size
The cell becomes more rigid and may break
The solution surrounding the cell in Diagram B, would be defined as:
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
If the dots represent sugar what direction will the water flow?
Into the cell
Out of the cell
Both equally (equilibrium)
Movement of SOLUTE through the cell membrane from high to low concentration is called.....
diffusion
active transport
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
Compared to the cell the....
Solution in the beaker was hypertonic
The solution in the beaker was isotonic
The solution in the beaker was hypotonic
Salt water jellyfish in Lake Michigan
cell lost water
Option 1
Option 5
Equal solute and water in and out of the cell
Water moves into and out of the cell equally
option 6
cell lost water
Water flows into the cell
Movement of any substance from high to low concentration
Gregg is conducting an investigation to study how molecules are transported into and out of a cell. Gregg builds a model of a cell using a U-shaped tube. A barrier, which is permeable to water, but not sugar, is placed on the bottom of the tube to model the cell membrane. Gregg adds two different solutions to each side of the tube. The solute in each solution is sugar and the solvent is water. The initial levels of solution in Side A and Side B are equal. The concentration of sugar in Side A is lower than the concentration of sugar in Side B. What should Gregg expect to happen?
Water molecules will move from Side A to Side B. The solution level on Side A will fall and the solution level on Side B will rise.
Water molecules will move from Side B to Side A. The solution level on Side A will rise and the solution level on Side B will fall.
Sugar molecules will move from Side A to Side B. The solution level on Side A will fall and the solution level on Side B will rise.
Sugar molecules will move from Side B to Side A. The solution level on Side A will rise and the solution level on Side B will fall.
Look at this group's data and determine the molarity of the solution where their cells were at equilibrium.
0.75 M
0.8 M
0.0 M
0.65 M
You are stranded at sea with Mr. Fonde, and in a moment of desperation, he leans over the boat to drink the ocean water. You yell out to him to stop and he asks you "Why can't I drink this?" How should you answer?
"It's hypertonic to your cells and your cells will dehydrate"
"It's hypotonic to your cells and your cells will burst"
"It's isotonic to your cells and your cells will be shrink"
"It's paratonic to your cells will grow"
What is diffusion?
The process by which molecules or particles spread out from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
The process by which molecules or particles are absorbed by a solid or liquid substance.
The process by which molecules or particles spread out from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
The process by which molecules or particles move in a random pattern without any specific direction.
What is the correct order of these parts of a cell from the biggest to the smallest?
gene, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, cell
cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, gene
cell, nucleus, chromosome, gene, DNA
cell, chromosome, nucleus, DNA, gene
A student organizes a chart describing examples of different types of cellular transport that occurs in cells.
Move the correct answer to each box. Not all answers will be used.
Match the following types of cellular transport to the correct image.
Active Transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Which organelle is responsible for shipping, sorting and packaging proteins in the cell?
G
Ribosomes
A
Cell Membrane
J
Golgi Apparatus
H
Smooth ER
F
Rough ER
L
Mitochondria
B
Cytoplasm
I
Vacuole
N
Lysosome
C
Nucleus
Identify the structures in the diagram.
synthesizes membrane proteins
A
produce ribosomes
B
DNA packaged with histones
C
mRNA exits nucleus here
D
double-membrane layer
E
A cell biologist analyzed four different cells that had varying numbers of each type of organelle.
Match each cell to the correct description:
Makes the most energy
Cell 4
Can destroy the most waste
Cell 2
Can package and export the most proteins
Cell 1
Can store the most food and water
Cell 3
Describe the movement of molecules going through the proteins in the illustration.
Molecules are moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
Molecules are moving from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.
Molecules are moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration and then from a lower to higher concentration.
Molecules are moving from a lower concentration to a higher concentration and then from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
The cell membrane can separate the inside of the cell from the outside because of its phospholipids, which are
According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, phospholipids___________________.
can shift laterally along the plane of the membranee
frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other
occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane
have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane
Which of the following types of molecules are hydrophilic and therefore excluded from the hydrophobic portion of the phospholipid bilayer?
transmembrane proteins
integral membrane proteins
peripheral proteins
cholesterol
Which of the following statements describes a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane?
It exhibits specificity for a particular type of molecule
It requires the expenditure of cellular energy to function.
It works against diffusion.
It has not hydrophobic regions.
Which of the following would likely diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?
sucrose.
an amino acid.
O2.
Na+.
Which of the following statements about diffusion is true?
It is very rapid of long distances.
It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity?
a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids
a greater proportion of saturated phospholipids
a lower temperature
a relatively high protein content in the membrane
What is the role of ribosomes?
To store genetic information.
To produce glycolipids.
To synthesize proteins.
To hydrolyze waste materials.
Which of the following is not found in all forms of life, and therefore is not evidence of the common ancestry of life?
Nuclei
Ribosomes
Plasma Membranes
Cytosol
Which of the following is a difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Smooth ER exists in a part of the cell near the cell membrane, while rough ER exists in a part of the cell near the nucleus.
Smooth ER is not studded by ribosomes, while rough ER is studded by ribosomes.
Smooth ER is meant to compartmentalize the cell, while rough ER detoxifies and synthesizes lipids.
Smooth ER is made without the additional help of proteins, whereas rough ER is made with the help of special proteins called reticuloproteins.
Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
Detoxification of the cell and lipid synthesis.
Protein and rRNA synthesis.
Synthesis of chemical energy (adenosine triphosphate).
Chemical modification of newly synthesized proteins before they are packaged for trafficking to other parts of the cell or outside of the cell.
In plants, what is the primary function of vacuoles?
To maintain water pressure inside of the cell.
To remove waste from inside of the cell.
To store nutrients inside of the cell.
To synthesize new membranes for the cell.
Which of the following membrane-bound organelles is responsible for hydrolysis (using enzymes to break down macromolecules)?
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Which of the following is a reason that cells are so small?
Cells are small because they want to maximize their surface area-to-volume ratio.
Cells are small because they want to maximize their volume-to-surface area ratio.
Cells are small because they need to produce extremely small macromolecules.
Cells are small because they prefer to work together in clusters of many thousands that wouldn't otherwise fit anywhere.
Which of the following is one way that cells increase their surface area without increasing their size?
Cells will often include perfectly spherical membranes.
Cells will often include folds in their membranes.
Cells will often include holes in their membranes.
Cells will maximize their volume.
Which is a not reason why cells want to increase their surface area without increasing their size?
An increased surface area is associated with a greater ability to transfer heat to maintain homeostasis.
An increased surface area is associated with a greater ability to exchange gases from inside the cell to the outside of the cell.
An increased surface area is associated with a greater ability to reproduce.
An increased surface area is associated with a greater ability to complete chemical reactions.
What happens to cells as they increase in volume?
Their radius decreases.
Their surface area increases.
Their surface area decreases.
Their circumference decreases.
Which of the following correctly describes hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of the cellular membrane?
The hydrophobic region is made of phosphates, and the hydrophilic region is made of lipids.
The hydrophobic region is 'water-loving', and the hydrophilic region is 'water-fearing'.
The hydrophobic region is polar, and the hydrophilic region is non-polar.
The hydrophobic region faces inward in the interior of the membrane, the hydrophilic region faces outwards towards the aqueous environment.
What is the primary role of aquaporins?
To transport water across the membrane.
To change the state of water from gas to liquid.
To pump water into the mitochondria for cellular respiration.
To use water for hydrolytic purposes.
Which of the following describes the endosymbiotic theory?
A prokaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller prokaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell eukaryotic.
A eukaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller prokaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell prokaryotic.
A prokaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller eukaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell eukaryotic.
A eukaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller eukaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell prokaryotic.
Which of the following membrane-bound organelles evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells?
Nuclei and plasmids.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Vacuoles and lysosomes.
Centrioles and microtubules.
The endosymbiotic theory explains how organelles inside eukaryotic cells are descended from ancient _____
Unicellular prokaryotic organisms
Unicellular eukaryotic organisms
Multicellular prokaryotic organisms
Multicellular eukaryotic organisms
Chloroplasts in a eukaryotic cell have both an inner and outer membrane. The inner membrane of chloroplasts is similar to:
The membrane surrounding the whole eukaryotic cell
The inner membrane of the mitochondria in that cell
The membrane of an ancient organism that absorbed other organisms
The membrane of an ancient prokaryotic organism that could perform photosynthesis
The endosymbiotic theory provides a way to explain the complexity of eukaryotic cells. This explanation is based on:
How simpler organisms combine their different abilities to live together
The way a complex organism can become dominant over simple organisms
Small organisms invading and destroying larger host cells
Using different arrangements of membranes to produce energy
Identify the part of the membrane that allows small molecules to pass through
Drag the labels to the appropriate area
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
Locate a Channel protein in the cell membrane.
By (a) , the membrane of a cell allows passage of specific molecules, enabling homeostasis. (b) is facilitated by membrane molecules and enables the cell to regulate its internal environment.
Identify the part of the membrane that allows small nonpolar molecules to pass through
Locate a Channel protein in the cell membrane.
