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Electrons & the Value of Valence E to EVERYTHING chemistry!

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 3hrs 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

State the number of valence electrons in an atom of sulfur-32 in the ground state

a)

16

b)

6

c)

8

d)

10

2.

Which of the following are accurate and equivalent electronic configurations for an atom of sulfur in the ground state?

a)

2-8-6

[Ne] 3s23p4

b)

2-6-8

[Ne] 3s23p6

c)

2-8-8

[Ar]

d)

2-6-8

[Ne] 3s23p4

3.

Which of the following are correct representations of the electronic configuration of the sulfide anion, S2-?

a)

1s22s22p63s23p6

[Ar]

b)

1s22s22p63s23p4

[Ne] 3s23p4

c)

1s22s22p63s23p54s1

[Ar]

d)

1s22s22p63s23p44s2

[Ne]3s23p44s2

4.

Which of the following include two correct and equivalent electronic configurations for oxide anion, O2-?

a)

1s22s22p6

[Ne]

b)

1s22s22p43s2

[Ne]

c)

1s22s22p53s1

[He]2s22p53s1

d)

1s22s22p4

[He]2s22p4

5.

Which of the following contain TWO correct representations of the electronic configuration of an atom of the element oxygen?

a)

1s22s22p2

[He]2s22p2

b)

1s22s22p6

[Ar]

c)

1s22s22p4

[He]2s22p4

d)

1s22s22p4

[He]2p4

6.
  1. Which subatomic particles were discovered as the result of experiments with cathode ray tubes?

a)

positrons

b)

electrons

c)

protons

d)

neutrons

7.
  1. As the atomic number increases in Group 2 from Be to Ba, the first ionization energy

Hint :if atomic number is going up and we're in a group, we must be going DOWN A GROUP

a)
  1. decreases, and the atomic radius decreases

b)
  1. increases, and the atomic radius decreases

c)
  1. increases, and the atomic radius increases

d)
  1. decreases, and the atomic radius increases

8.
  1. Which change in electron location in an atom of calcium is accompanied by the greatest amount of energy emitted?

a)
  1. from shell 1 to shell 2

b)
  1. from shell 2 to shell 1

c)
  1. from shell 1 to shell 4

d)
  1. from shell 4 to shell 1

9.

What is represented in diagram 2?

a)

a positive ion of hydrogen

b)

a negative ion of hydrogen

c)

an atom of hydrogen in an excited state

d)

an atom of hydrogen in the ground state

10.
  1. Which atom forms an ion with a radius larger than the atomic radius?

a)

calcium atom

b)

oxygen atom

c)

lead atom

d)

tin atom

11.
  1. According to the wave-mechanical model, in the ground state, the 10 electrons of a neon atom would be located

a)

in the nucleus

b)

in the first shell

c)

in orbitals

d)

in the valence shell

12.

What is the overall charge on the nucleus of a fluorine atom?

a)

+19

b)

-9

c)

+9

d)

-1

13.
  1. The modern model of the atom shows that electrons are

a)
  1. orbiting the nucleus in fixed paths

b)
  1. found in regions called orbitals

c)
  1. combined with neutrons in the nucleus

d)
  1. located in a solid sphere covering the nucleus

14.

Which of the following atoms has the greatest tendency to attract electrons?

a)

barium

b)

beryllium

c)

boron

d)

bromine

15.
  1. What are two properties of most nonmetals?

a)
  1. high ionization energy and poor electrical conductivity

b)
  1. high ionization energy and good electrical conductivity

c)
  1. low ionization energy and poor electrical conductivity

d)
  1. low ionization energy and good electrical conductivity

16.

As an atom becomes an ion, its mass number

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

remains the same

17.

Which of the following ions has the smallest radius?

a)

F-

b)

Cl-

c)

K+

d)

Ca2+

18.

Which of the following has the most similar Lewis Dot Structure to an atom of oxygen?

Hint: Think purpose - as I've said from the beginning - have it! What is the purpose of LDS?

a)

b)

c)

d)

19.
  1. Compare the energy of an electron in the first shell of a technetium atom to the energy of an electron in the third shell of the same atom.

a)

electron in the third shell is lower in energy than that of the first shell

b)

electron in the third shell is higher in energy than that of the first shell

c)

both electrons are of equal energy since they are part of the same atom

d)

both electrons are of equal energy because neither are valence electrons (those are the highest energy electrons)

20.
  1. Which Lewis electron-dot diagram represents an atom of nitrogen in the ground state?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

21.
  1. When a ground state electron in an atom moves to an excited state, the electron

a)
  1. absorbs energy as it moves to a higher energy state

b)
  1. absorbs energy as it moves to a lower energy state

c)
  1. releases energy as it moves to a higher energy state

d)
  1. releases energy as it moves to a lower energy state

22.

State, in terms of electrons, why the ionic radius of a Group 17 element is larger than the atomic radius for the same element.

a)

It loses an electron which causes it to inflate with the stronger nuclear charge typical of right side elements.

b)

it loses an electron, which creates an imbalance in protons to electrons causing a nuclear decay reaction by disrupting the proton-neutron balance

c)

it gains an electron and thus there is more negative density surrounding the nucleus so the ionic radius is bigger

d)

it gains a negatice charge and becomes an anion when it loses a proton, leaving a disproportionate amount of neutrons which increase the radius.

23.

How many dots should surround the atomic symbol, Si, in a lewis dot structure of the atom of the METALLOID silicon?

a)

6 valence e-, 6 dots

b)

5 valence e-, 5 dots

c)

4 valence e-, 4 dots

d)

3 valence e-, 3 dots

24.

Which quantity is conserved in all chemical reactions?

a)

moles

b)

density

c)

volume

d)

charge

25.
  1. Which change occurs when an electron returns from a higher energy state to a lower energy state?

Hint: Are they talking about bonding or reacting with anyone else here or just one particular electron in some unnamed atom?

a)
  1. An ionic compound is formed, and energy is absorbed.

b)
  1. An ionic compound is formed, and energy is emitted.

c)
  1. A specific amount of energy is emitted

d)
  1. A specific amount of energy is absorbed.

26.

see text in image

a)

choice 1

b)

choice 2

c)

choice 3

d)

choice 4

27.

What is the highest principal quantum number (n) for an electron in the ground state of a sulfur atom?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

28.

What is the total number of electrons in a totally filled 4th principal energy level?

a)

8

b)

10

c)

16

d)

32

29.

Which of these group 14 elements has the most metallic properties?

metallic = metal-like

a)

C

b)

Ge

c)

Si

d)

Sn

30.

See text in image for question.

Hint 1: Why guess when you have table s?

Hint 2: Don't forget you need kcal...

a)

choice 1

b)

choice 2

c)

choice 3

d)

choice 4

31.

The characteristic bright line spectra of an element is produced when its electrons

a)

form a covalent bond

b)

form an ionic bond

c)

move to a higher energy state

d)

move to a lower energy state

32.

Which statement describes how an atom in the ground state becomes excited?

a)

The atom absorbs energy, and one or more electrons move to a higher electron shell.

b)

The atom absorbs energy, and one or more electrons move to a lower electron shell

c)

The atom releases energy, and one or more electrons move to a higher electron shell.

d)

The atom releases energy, and one or more electrons move to a lower electron shell.

33.

Which substance is the best conductor of electricity?

a)

nitrogen

b)

sulfur

c)

neon

d)

silver

34.

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

a)

4

b)

5

c)

6

d)

7

35.

Which element has the highest melting point?

You have a ref table - why guess when you have table s!

a)

rhenium

b)

tantalum

c)

hafnium

d)

osmium

36.

Compared to the valence electrons of a nonmetallic atom, the valence electrons of a metallic atom are generally

a)

fewer in number and more strongly held

b)

fewer in number and less strongly held

c)

greater in number and less strongly held

d)

greater in number and more strongly held

37.

Which of the following ions has the smallest radius?

Think of how many energy shells it will still have as an ion, one choice is smaller than the rest

a)

F-

b)

Cl-

c)

K+

d)

Ca2+

38.

Which element's ionic radius is smaller than its atomic radius?

a)

Na

b)

Ne

c)

N

d)

S

39.

Which is the electron configuration of a neutral atom in the ground state with a total of four valence electrons?

a)

2-4

b)

2-6

c)

1-2-2

d)

2-8

40.

Which metal atoms can form ionic bonds by losing electrons from both the outermost and next to outermost principal energy levels?

a)

Mg

b)

Rb

c)

Li

d)

Cu

41.

T/F: Higher n (principal energy level) higher energy

a)

T

b)

F

42.

T/F: Electrons emit energy as bright line spectra when they return FROM an excited state to the ground state?

a)

T

b)

F

43.

An atom in an excited state has an electron configuration of 2-7-2. What is its ground state configuration?

a)

2-8-2

b)

1-8-2

c)

2-8-1

d)

2-6-2

44.

State the relationship between atomic number and first ionization energy as the elements in Group 1 are considered in order of increasing atomic number.

a)

As atomic number increases, the effective nuclear charge increases (more protons). More protons pull on the electrons more, decreasing the size which increases IE (stronger nuclear charge attracts and holds onto electrons more tightly so they are harder to remove).

b)

As atomic number increases down a group, the ionization energy (the energy needed to remove a valence e- increases). Because the atoms get bigger, the nucleus is less powerful and electrons are easier to remove, that is why IE goes up

c)

As atomic number increases, the effective nuclear charge increases (more protons). More protons pull on the electrons more, increasing the size which decreases IE (weaker nuclear charge attracts and holds onto electrons less tightly so they are easier to remove).

d)

As atomic number increases down a group, the ionization energy (the energy needed to remove a valence e- decreases). Because the atoms get bigger, the nucleus is less powerful and electrons are easier to remove, that is why IE goes down.

45.

Which electron configuration represents the atom with the largest atomic radius?

a)

2

b)

2-8-1

c)

2-8-2

d)

2-8-8

46.

Which electron configuration represents the atom with the largest atomic radius?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

2-8-2

d)

2-8-8-2

47.

Which electron configuration is associated with the atom with the highest electronegativity?

a)

2-8

b)

2-7

c)

2-1

d)

2-4

48.

Which of the following electron configurations has the smallest radius atom?

a)

2-2

b)

2-4

c)

2-6

d)

2-8-1

49.

The atom with which electron configuration has the highest ionization energy?

Hint 1: if it has a HIGH IE it is HARD to remove its valence e-

Hint 2: Who on the PT will give you a hard time if you try to take away its valence e-?

Hint 3: Who has HIGH EN (and thus HIGH IE) and strongly attracts e-?

a)

2-8-1

b)

2-8-2

c)

2-8-4

d)

2-8-6

50.

An electron of an atom of Chlorine in the ground state compares to that of an atom of Chlorine in the excited state in. Choose ALL that apply

a)

the ground state electron is lower energy and associated with a more stable configuration

b)

the ground state electron is lower energy and associated with a less stable configuration (hence the "need" to jump around)

c)

the excited state is when an electron is higher in energy and at a higher principal energy level (bigger n) whereas the electron in the ground state is lower in energy.

d)

the electron in the excited state is at a higher energy than the electron if it were in the ground state and that's why energy is released when electrons rise to the excited state

51.

. What is conserved during a chemical reaction?

a)

mass, only

b)

neither mass nor charge

c)

both mass and charge

d)

charge, only

52.

The forces between atoms that create

chemical bonds are the result of interactions

between

a)

protons and electrons

b)

protons and nuclei

c)

nuclei

d)

electrons

53.

Which symbol represents a particle that has

the same total number of electrons as S2–?

a)

Ar

b)

Si

c)

O2-

d)

Se2-

54.

Which of these elements has an atom with the

most stable outer electron configuration?

a)

Na

b)

Ca

c)

Ne

d)

Cl

55.

When a sodium atom reacts with a chlorine

atom to form a compound, the electron

configurations of the ions forming the compound

are the same as those in which noble gas atoms?

a)

krypton and neon

b)

krypton and argon

c)

neon and argon

d)

neon and helium

56.

In an atom, an orbital represents

a)

the most probably location of a proton

b)

the most probable location of an electron

c)

the least probably location of a neutron

d)

photons emitted as electrons move to lower energy levels

57.

During a flame test, sodium chloride produces an intense yellow flame. This yellow color is produced when electrons in excited atoms

a)

are gained by the atoms

b)

are lost by the atoms

c)

move to higher energy states within the atoms

d)

move to lower energy states within the atoms

58.

An atom that has 8 protons and 10 neutrons is an isotope of the element

a)

nitrogen

b)

oxygen

c)

fluorine

d)

neon

59.

Which elements have the most similar chemical properties?

a)

Ge, As, and Sb

b)

Mn, Fe, and Co

c)

S, Se, and Te

d)

P, S, and Cl

60.

Which atom has the lowest electronegativity?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Oxygen

c)

Fluorine

d)

Neon

61.

What is the overall charge of an ion that has 9 protons, 11 neutrons, and 10 electrons?

a)

+1

b)

-1

c)

+2

d)

-2

62.

Which electron configuration represents the atoms of a bromine atom in the excited state?

a)

2-8-18-7

b)

2-8-18-8

c)

2-8-17-8

d)

2-8-18-7-1

63.

As the elements in Group 2 in the periodic table are considered in order of increasing atomic number, there is a general increase in

a)

stability

b)

atomic radius

c)

electronegativity

d)

first ionization energy

64.
Compared to the energy and charge of the electrons in the first shell of a Be atom, the electrons in the second shell of this atom have
a)
less energy and the same charge
b)
less energy and a different charge
c)
more energy and the same charge
d)
more energy and a different charge
65.
Which quantity can vary among atoms of the same element?
a)
mass number
b)
atomic number
c)
number of protons
d)
number of electrons
66.

Which list of symbols represents nonmetals, only?

a)

B, Al, Ga

b)

Li, Be, B

c)

C, Si, Ge

d)

P, S, Cl

67.
Which statement describes the general trends in electronegativity and atomic radius as the elements in Period 2 are considered in order from left to right? 
a)
Both electronegativity and atomic radius increase.
b)
Both electronegativity and atomic radius decrease. 
c)
Electronegativity increases and atomic radius decreases.
d)
Electronegativity decreases and atomic radius increases.
68.
What is the charge of the nucleus of an oxygen atom?
a)
0
b)
-2
c)
+8
d)
+16
69.
Which Lewis electron-dot diagram represents a nitrogen atom in the ground state?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
70.
Which list of elements consists of a metal, a metalloid, and a noble gas?
a)
aluminum, sulfur, argon
b)
magnesium, sodium, sulfur
c)
 sodium, silicon, argon
d)
silicon, phosphorus, chlorine
71.
Which electron configuration represents an excited state for an atom of calcium? 
a)
2-8-7-1
b)
2-8-7-2
c)
2-8-7-3
d)
2-8-8-2
72.
Which two notations represent isotopes of the same element?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
73.

Emission spectra (bright line spectra) are created when electrons move from ___.

a)

higher to lower energy levels.

b)

lower to higher energy levels.

c)

s orbitals to p orbitals.

d)

one atom to a different atom.

74.
Which of the following has the highest energy
a)
red
b)
orange
c)
green
d)
purple
75.

During a flame test, sodium chloride produces an intense yellow flame. This yellow color is produced when electrons in excited atoms

a)

are gained by the atoms

b)

are lost by the atoms

c)

move to higher energy states within the atoms

d)

move to lower energy states within the atoms

76.

Which of these elements has physical and chemical

properties most similar to silicon (Si)?

a)

germanium (Ge)

b)

lead (Pb)

c)

phosphorus (P)

d)

chlorine (Cl)

77.

This could be the dot diagram of

a)

Mg

b)

Cl

c)

C

d)

O

78.
Which particle is responsible for the chemical properties of an atom?
a)
Neutron
b)
Protons
c)
Valence Electrons
d)
Nucleus
79.
This contains most of the mass of an atom
a)
Electron Cloud
b)
Nucleus
c)
Electron
80.
How does ionization energy change as I go across a period ?
a)
It doesn't
b)
It increases
c)
It decreases
81.
How does ionization energy change as I go down a family?
a)
It doesn't
b)
It increases
c)
It decreases
82.
Each element wants to gain or lose electrons so that it can have the same electron configuration as......
a)
a Nobel gas
b)
other elements in its family
c)
other elements in its period
d)
it used to have before reacting
83.
Ionization Energy is defined as.....
a)
The smallest amount of energy possible to excite an electron to a higher energy level
b)
The amount of energy given off when an electron returns to a ground state
c)
The amount of energy in one photon
d)
The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom
84.
How many valence electrons does Helium have?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
8
85.
A tiny but very dense, positively charged portion of the atom that holds most of the atomic mass
a)
Electron Shells
b)
Orbitals
c)
Electron Cloud
d)
Nucleus
86.

Which of the following is the correct electron-dot diagram for an atom with an electron configuration of 2-8-18-5?

a)
b)
c)
d)
87.

The diagram represents the bright-line spectra of four elements and a bright-line spectrum produced by a mixture of three of these elements. Which element is not present in the mixture?

a)

A

b)

D

c)

X

d)

Z

88.

The unknown emissions spectra belongs to the element

a)

Hydrogen

b)

Mercury

c)

Neon

d)

Sodium

89.

The unknown emissions spectra belongs to the element

a)

Hydrogen

b)

Mercury

c)

Neon

d)

Helium

90.

The unknown emissions spectra belongs to the element

a)

Hydrogen

b)

Mercury

c)

Neon

d)

Sodium