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IS2T2: What's Inside the Earth?

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 2hrs 58mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which type of wave is the first to arrive after an earthquake occurs?
a)
P Wave
b)
Rayleigh Wave
c)
S Wave
d)
Shear Wave
2.
Which body waves cause particles of rock material to move at right angles to the direction in which the waves are traveling?
a)
Body Waves
b)
P Waves
c)
S Waves
d)
Surface Waves
3.
P Waves can move through which of the following?
a)
Gas
b)
Liquid
c)
Solid
d)
All of these
4.
S Waves can move through which of the following?
a)
Gas
b)
Liquid
c)
Solid
d)
All of these
5.

Earthquakes most often occur

a)

in the middle of plates

b)

near plate boundaries

c)

where thunderstorms are

d)

along the coast

6.

Around what time did the first P wave get detected?

a)

100 sec

b)

120 sec

c)

150 sec

d)

160 sec

7.

Which location is farther from the epicenter?

a)

Seismogram B (top)

b)

Seismogram C (bottom)

8.

Which portion of the Earth can S waves NOT travel through?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Core

9.

Which station was closest to the earthquake's epicenter?

a)

Station A

b)

Station B

c)

Station C

10.

Scientists are able to create an image like this by studying

a)

electromagnetic waves

b)

P and S waves

c)

P and Surface waves

d)

S and Surface waves

11.

This model represents a

a)

P wave shadow zone

b)

S wave shadow zone

c)

Surface wave shadow zone

d)

Convection currents

12.

A seismic station recorded the P-waves, but no S-waves, from an earthquake because S-waves were

a)

absorbed by Earth's outer core

b)

transmitted only through liquids

c)

weak and detected only at nearby locations

d)

not produced by this earthquake

13.

Which statement best explains why only one type of seismic wave was recorded at location B?

a)

S-waves cannot travel through the liquid inner core

b)

P-waves cannot travel through the solid outer core

c)

P-waves cannot travel through the solid inner core.

d)

S-waves cannot travel through the liquid outer core

14.

What layer of the Earth is labeled A?

a)

inner core

b)

outer core

c)

mantle

d)

crust

15.

Which layer is liquid?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

16.

Which layer is the HOTTEST?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

17.

What state of matter is the inner core?

a)

Solid

b)

Solid but flexible

c)

Liquid

18.

What layer has convection currents?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Inner Core

d)

Outer Core

19.

What layer is liquid and makes a magnetic field?

a)

Outer Core

b)

Mantle

c)

Inner Core

d)

Crust

20.

In what layer of the Earth do people live?

a)

Outer Core

b)

Mantle

c)

Inner Core

d)

Crust

21.

How many major earth layers are there?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

5

d)

3.5

22.

What layer of the Earth is labeled B?

a)

inner core

b)

outer core

c)

mantle

d)

crust

23.

What layer of the Earth is labeled C?

a)

inner core

b)

outer core

c)

mantle

d)

crust

24.

Match the layer with its temperature.

a)

Crust

1.

0-70 C

b)

Mantle

2.

1800-6700 C

c)

Outer Core

3.

8000-9000 C

d)

Inner Core

4.

9300 C

25.

Which layer is made (mostly) of LIQUID iron and nickel?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

26.

Which layer is made (mostly) of SOLID iron and nickel?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

27.

Which of the following correctly lists the layers from innermost to outermost?

a)

inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, crust

b)

lower mantle, upper mantle, crust, inner core, outer core

c)

lower mantle, inner core, upper mantle, outer core, crust

d)

crust, inner core, lower mantle, upper mantle, outer core

28.

As you travel from the crust to the core, how would temperature, pressure and density of the material change?

a)

They would all increase

b)

They would all decrease.

c)

Nothing, the layers are made of the same material throughout

d)

Temperature would decrease, but pressure and density would increase

29.
Scientists determine what Earth’s interior looks like by using:
a)
Volcanoes
b)
Seismic Waves
c)
Continental Drift
d)
Convection Currents
30.
Which layer of the earth is under the highest pressure?
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer Core
d)
Inner Core
31.

Earth’s crust can only be____________ or _______________.

a)

Volcanic & Seismic

b)

Oceanic & Continental

32.

The area of magnetic force around a magnet is known as its _____________.

a)

magnetic field

b)

magnetic declination

c)

magnetic fan lines

d)

magnetic tan lines

33.
Which layer of the Earth is responsible for Earth's magnetic field?
a)
outer core
b)
inner core
c)
mantle
d)
crust
34.
How is Earth's magnetic field similar to that of a magnet?
a)
It is hundreds of miles long
b)
It has north and south poles
c)
It is made in Earth's core
d)
It is shaped like a horseshoe
35.
What is our best evidence that Earth has a magnetic field?
a)
All things fall toward Earth's center
b)
A compass needle lines up with it
c)
Winds blow from east to west
d)
Earth's oceans all have currents
36.
Why does a compass needle point north?
a)
The compass is a bar magnet
b)
Because north is up
c)
Because it's magic
d)
It lines up with the Earth's magnetic field
37.
Earth acts like a giant magnet because its center is made up MOSTLY of
a)
granite
b)
limestone
c)
iron
d)
nickel
38.
What is an electromagnet?
a)
a magnet that creates an electric current
b)
a magnet created by an electric current
c)
a magnet that has an electric charge
d)
an electric charge that is magnetic
39.
Earth's magnetic poles are in the same place as the geographic poles.
a)
True
b)
False
40.

Oceanic crust is made of ______

a)

Granite

b)

Basalt

c)

Cookies

d)

Water

41.

Continental crust is made of _______

a)

Flowers and grass

b)

Basalt

c)

Granite

d)

Crust

42.

What is the rising of hot liquid and the sinking of cooled liquid called?

a)

Confection current

b)

Convention current

c)

Convection current

d)

Lava lamp

43.

Movement of the liquid metal of the outer core causes

a)

Volcanic eruptions

b)

Earthquakes

c)

Convection Currents

d)

Earth's magnetic field

44.

What would happen to convection currents if the inner Earth Cooled down

a)

They would continue at the same speed

b)

They would move faster

c)

They would move slower

d)

They would stop

45.

Heat transfer by convection is caused by differences in what two things:

a)

Thickness and material

b)

Weight and electricity

c)

Temperature and density

46.
Warm air is __________ dense than cold air and rises creating convection currents.
a)
more
b)
less
47.

Convection currents happen inside the Earth. Magma is heated by ______ and rises towards the crust.

a)

the sun

b)

the core

c)

plate tectonics

48.

Convection currents happen inside the Earth. Hot magma from the mantle cools as it touches the ______ and transfers heat. Then it sinks back down again.

a)

crust

b)

core

c)

mantle

49.

A trench is formed when a tectonic plate carrying land meets a tectonic plate carrying ocean. How does density cause the trench to form?

a)

The water the is heavy and forces the plate below the land.

b)

The ocean plate is more dense and sinks under the less dense land plate.

c)

The land plate lifts up and slides upover the ocean plate.

50.
Tectonic plates are made up of continental crust and ________ crust.
a)
continental
b)
oceanic
c)
plates
d)
mantle
51.

What type of plate boundary creates new sea floor?

a)

Divergent

b)

Convergent

c)

Transform

d)

Subduction

52.

What type of plate boundary is represented in the picture?

a)

Athensphere

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

d)

Convergent

53.

Which crust subducts because it is denser than other crust?

a)

pizza crust

b)

oceanic crust

c)

continental crust

d)

new crust

54.

What is the source of energy that drives plate movement?

a)

the subducton of the sea floor

b)

the different densities of the oceanic and crustal plates

c)

convection currents in the asthenosphere

d)

the friction force between the plates that move past each other

55.
A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other is called
a)
Divergent Boundary
b)
Convergent Boundary
c)
Transform Boundary
d)
Subduction
56.
A Plate Boundary where two plates move toward each other is called
a)
Convergent Boundary
b)
Divergent Boundary
c)
Transform Boundary
d)
Subduction
57.
During sea floor spreading, molten material rises up from the mantle...
a)
along the continents
b)
at the mid ocean ridges
c)
deep ocean trenches
d)
at north and south poles
58.
Which of the following is where one plate slides under another plate?
a)
submarine zone
b)
divergence zone
c)
subduction zone
d)
lower zone
59.

What term describes the sinking of the oceanic plate?

a)

subduction

b)

high density

c)

asthenosphere

d)

viscosity

60.

Why does the oceanic plate sink?

a)

high viscosity magma forces it to happen

b)

convection currents in the mantle

c)

oceanic plates are lighter and are pushed under by the continental

d)

oceanic plates are more dense and are forced to sink

61.

What happens in the upper mantle when the oceanic plate has subducted?

a)

The oceanic plate melts due to heat and friction creating high viscosity magma

b)

The oceanic plate melts due to heat and friction creating low viscosity magma

c)

The plate is cycled round to a constructive plate margin.

62.

What happens to the magma when it has been created?

a)

erupts from the volcano

b)

get's stuck in the main vent

c)

Rises through cracks in the continental crust

d)

remains in the mantle, as the mantle is made of magma

63.

What geologic feature/event would you most likely to find at a divergent boundary between two pieces of oceanic crust?

a)

Rift Valley

b)

Mid-Ocean Ridge

c)

Island Arc

d)

Flat land

64.
Where would the oldest rock be found?
a)
L
b)
M
c)
O
65.
In the Atlantic ocean, where is the youngest seafloor located?
a)

Towards the edges

b)

Youngest seafloor is in the middle of the ocean

66.

Where do most earthquakes and volcanoes take place?

a)

in the oceans

b)

at plate boundaries

c)

on land only

67.

Which statement best explains plate tectonics

a)

The movement of crustal plates over the mantle prevents continental drift

b)

Crustal plates move away from each other at tectonic boundaries

c)

The movement of crustal plates over the mantle often results in earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

68.

Where does the energy from an earthquake originate?

a)

from rocks under stress shifting deep below Earth's surface

b)

weight from rocks pushing down on bedrock

c)

from convection currents

69.

A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

d)

Normal fault

70.

Oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary.

a)

Folding

b)

Subduction

c)

Sea-floor spreading

d)

Mountain formation

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