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WorksheetsScience Mid-Term
Total questions: 66
Worksheet time: 51mins
Chemical Bonding
The Joining of Atoms to form a new substance
Carbon family
Y=mx+b
Having different properties when combining to make a new element
LI- Valence=1
(a)
Stability
Atoms bond to become more stable
The magic number for bonding is 8, Atoms bond to become more stable
Electron Valences
How much stability does a atom have?
These are usually as the group number in which elements is found in the PT
Valence Neutrons
Electrons
Valence Electrons
Lithium
Whats the Duet Rule?
It says that the atoms only need 5 valence electrons to be stable.
It says that the atoms only need 2 valence electrons to be stable.
It says that the atoms only need 7 valence electrons to be stable.
It says that the atoms only need 3 valence electrons to be stable.
The rule is followed by most elements, it says that a atom needs eight electrons in its outermost shell
(a)
law of octaves
John Newland
John Newland, In 1864 The English proposed the law of octaves.
Describes how Valence Electrons work
Octaves gain electrons
Arranged the periodic table by atomic number by improving Mendeleev's version
(a)
they worked on how to best layout the periodic table at the same time, They proposed the same table.
lother meyer and oscar meyer
lothar meyer and dmitri mendeleev
Joe Flacco and Tua Tagovailoa
Darwin and Issac Newton
the chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic functions or their atomic number
(a)
the row of chemical elements
Periodic
periodoc
period law
period
by the atomic number
classes of elements
by similar properties
(a)
a molecule with a net and electrical charge
(a)
cations
A positive charge neutron
a positive charge electron
positive charge ion
Positive charge isotope
negative charged ion
(a)
how to determine valence electrons
same number as the column number
same number as 1 and 2
groups 3-12 are the column number
groups 13-18 you subtract 10
whats the goal of bonding
(a)
has two valence electrons
(a)
an orbit that follows around an atoms nucleus
(a)
Can be observed or measured without changing its identity.
(a)
chemical properties
Can be observed or measured without changing its identity.
Describe the ability to change into a new substance with different properties
Pure substance which cannot be separated into simpler substances
(a)
substances that are made up of one particle
(a)
non-metal
Bad conductors
dull
brittle
shiny
malleable
semi conductors
shiny or dull
semi conductors
ductile
shiny
good conductors
metalliod
Bad conductors
dull
brittle
shiny
malleable
semi conductors
shiny or dull
semi conductors
ductile
shiny
good conductors
metal
Bad conductors
dull
brittle
shiny
malleable
semi conductors
shiny or dull
semi conductors
ductile
shiny
good conductors
Substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined.
(a)
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
(a)
have same appearance throughout
heterogenous mixture
homogeneous mixture
have different appearance throughout
heterogenous mixture
homogeneous mixture
A mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed of particles of 2 or more substances that are distributed evenly amongst each other
(a)
substance that IS dissolved
(a)
the substance in which the solute is dissolved (if both are liquids, the liquid with the greater volume is considered the solvent)
(a)
solution that contains more solute
(a)
a solution that contains less solute
(a)
when a solution contains all the solute it can hold at a given temperature
saturated
unsaturated
contains less solute than it can hold at a given temperature
saturated
unsaturated
unable to dissolve, does not form a homogeneous mixture (solution)
(a)
solubility
Ability of a substance to dissolve
MASHED POTATOES
the ability to be mixed in with
the ability to not dissolve
suspension
Heterogeneous mixture
Block light
Too heavy to remain mixed without being stirred or shaken
Can be separated by passing through a filter
Can be separated using a centrifuge
Have properties of both solutions and suspensions
Particles dispersed throughout
Particles are small
Particles do NOT separate after sitting still because particles do not settle
Scatter light
CanNOT be separated by passing through a filter
Homogeneous mixture
Made of two or more particles
Particles distributed evenly
Particles are small
Particles do NOT scatter light
Particles do NOT separate unless heate
colliod
Heterogeneous mixture
Block light
Too heavy to remain mixed without being stirred or shaken
Can be separated by passing through a filter
Can be separated using a centrifuge
Have properties of both solutions and suspensions
Particles dispersed throughout
Particles are small
Particles do NOT separate after sitting still because particles do not settle
Scatter light
CanNOT be separated by passing through a filter
Homogeneous mixture
Made of two or more particles
Particles distributed evenly
Particles are small
Particles do NOT scatter light
Particles do NOT separate unless heate
Difference between Metals,metalliods,and nonmetals
Different Properties
they are the same
They all have different conductors
the are all woods
name one factor that the rate of a solid will disslove
(a)
describe a element
A pure substance with one atom
has two atoms
no atoms
not a pure substance
how can elements be identifed
By their properties.
by a substance
how they dissolve
if they are a solute
these are properties of what
doesn't have a certain boiling point
not chemically combined
(a)
these are properties of what
undergo chemical change
they are combined of two or more elements that are chemically combined
(a)
qualities of a solid
Particles vibrate in a fixed location
Particles have strong attraction to each other
Definite shape and volume
Crystalline
Amorphous
Particles are in constant motion
They move until they collide with something
Particles break free from each other
Changes in both shape and volume
Kinetic Theory of Gases = constant motion of particles allows gas to fill container
No definite shape or volume (like gas) whose particles have broken apart…
Particles = atoms….electrons escape
Particles are fluid- they move more freely than solids, but not as rapidly as gases
Particles are further apart than those of solids
Definite volume
Takes the shape of its container
Difficult to push particles together (hydraulics)
qualities of a plasma
Particles vibrate in a fixed location
Particles have strong attraction to each other
Definite shape and volume
Crystalline
Amorphous
Particles are in constant motion
They move until they collide with something
Particles break free from each other
Changes in both shape and volume
Kinetic Theory of Gases = constant motion of particles allows gas to fill container
No definite shape or volume (like gas) whose particles have broken apart…
Particles = atoms….electrons escape
Particles are fluid- they move more freely than solids, but not as rapidly as gases
Particles are further apart than those of solids
Definite volume
Takes the shape of its container
Difficult to push particles together (hydraulics)
qualities of a liquid
Particles vibrate in a fixed location
Particles have strong attraction to each other
Definite shape and volume
Crystalline
Amorphous
Particles are in constant motion
They move until they collide with something
Particles break free from each other
Changes in both shape and volume
Kinetic Theory of Gases = constant motion of particles allows gas to fill container
No definite shape or volume (like gas) whose particles have broken apart…
Particles = atoms….electrons escape
Particles are fluid- they move more freely than solids, but not as rapidly as gases
Particles are further apart than those of solids
Definite volume
Takes the shape of its container
Difficult to push particles together (hydraulics)
qualities of a gas
Particles vibrate in a fixed location
Particles have strong attraction to each other
Definite shape and volume
Crystalline
Amorphous
Particles are in constant motion
They move until they collide with something
Particles break free from each other
Changes in both shape and volume
Kinetic Theory of Gases = constant motion of particles allows gas to fill container
No definite shape or volume (like gas) whose particles have broken apart…
Particles = atoms….electrons escape
Particles are fluid- they move more freely than solids, but not as rapidly as gases
Particles are further apart than those of solids
Definite volume
Takes the shape of its container
Difficult to push particles together (hydraulics)
small part of a substance that can't be broken down
(a)
have a negative charge
(a)
have a neutral charge
(a)
have a positive charge
(a)
the center of a cell or atom
(a)
where the electron is located
(a)
expresses mass of units in a atom
(a)
same # of protons but different # of electrons
(a)
a whole number that expresses the approximate mass of an atom
(a)
the quantity of matter contained in an atom of an element
(a)
democritus said
Atoms:
*Small
*Hard
*Made of single material in differ
shapes/ sizes
*Always moving
*Form different materials by
joining together
1.) All substances: made of atoms
“atoms cannot be created or
destroyed”
2.) Atoms of the SAME element
are exactly alike
3.) Atoms join with other atoms to
form NEW substances
*Small particles ARE inside atom
*Atom CAN be divided
Negative Corpuscles = electrons
*Atoms have no overall charge,
thus positive charge MUST be
present
*Plum-pudding model
JJ thompson said
Atoms:
*Small
*Hard
*Made of single material in differ
shapes/ sizes
*Always moving
*Form different materials by
joining together
1.) All substances: made of atoms
“atoms cannot be created or
destroyed”
2.) Atoms of the SAME element
are exactly alike
3.) Atoms join with other atoms to
form NEW substances
*Small particles ARE inside atom
*Atom CAN be divided
Negative Corpuscles = electrons
*Atoms have no overall charge,
thus positive charge MUST be
present
*Plum-pudding model
dalton said
Atoms:
*Small
*Hard
*Made of single material in differ
shapes/ sizes
*Always moving
*Form different materials by
joining together
1.) All substances: made of atoms
“atoms cannot be created or
destroyed”
2.) Atoms of the SAME element
are exactly alike
3.) Atoms join with other atoms to
form NEW substances
*Small particles ARE inside atom
*Atom CAN be divided
Negative Corpuscles = electrons
*Atoms have no overall charge,
thus positive charge MUST be
present
*Plum-pudding model
who said "Atoms were NOT soft “blobs”
*Particles deflected- bounced in various directions
THUS:
*Center of atoms = positive charge (nucleus)
*particles that headed toward nucleus were pushed in the opposite direction"
(a)
the plums in thompsons model represent what
(a)
