Turning data into information is a , ___ or a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome.

Two quality characteristics that are critical for data used in accounting for the management of company assets, such as cash, inventory, and equipment are ___.

Technology infrastructure includes all the hard-ware, software, ___ , networks, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.

According to Jim Collins in his book Good to Great, those who build great companies understand that the ultimate throttle on growth for any great company is not markets, or technology, or competition, or products; rather, it is one thing above all others: ____.

When considering the role of business managers in working with IS, it is useful to divide information systems into these three types: _____ .

Which of the following is not a key organizational complement that must be in place to ensure successful implementation and use of the system?

____ are the primary device type used by people around the world to communicate, go online, and access and share information.

The trend of consumer technology practices influencing the way business software is designed and delivered is called the ___ .

____ is a computing environment in which a service provider organization owns and manages the hardware, software, networking, and storage devices, with cloud user organizations (called tenants) accessing slices of shared resources via the Internet.

____  involves the exchange of money for goods and services over electronic networks, and it encompasses many of an organization’s outward-facing processes—such as sales, marketing, order taking, delivery, procurement of goods and services, and customer service—that touch customers, suppliers, and other business partners.

A ____ is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers.

Over time, decision support systems, executive information systems, online analytical processing, business intelligence, and business analytics have gained in capabilities and expanded in scope to add new functionality, but they have all had the goal of ____ .

An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that stores and retrieves knowledge, improves collaboration, locates knowledge sources, and captures and uses knowledge is called

a ___ .

An IT organization not aligned with the key objectives of the business will ____ .

The two fundamental strategies for system acquisition are: ___ .

Which of the following statements about computer security is not true?

____ is a term used to describe the gulf between those who do and those who don’t have access to modern information and communications technology such as smartphones, personal computers, and the Internet.

Organizations are considered to be ___ systems, meaning that can affect and are affected by their surrounding environment.

The ___ is a series of activities that an organization performs to transform inputs into outputs in such a way that the value of the input is increased.

 ___ encompasses all the activities required to get the right product into the right customer’s hands in the right quantity at the right time and at the right cost.

Which of the following is not a true statement regarding the use of virtual teams?

Continuous enhancement of ___ an existing product is an example of innovation.

A long-term business arrangement in which a company contracts for services with an outside organization located in another country to provide a specific business function is called ___ .

____ of large information system projects fail, at least in part, due to a failure to prepare business users for the actual change to come.

The three stages of Lewin’s change model include (1) ceasing old habits and creating a climate that is receptive to change; (2) learning new work methods, behaviors, and systems; and (3) ___ .

The change model is helpful in identifying and addressing negative feelings that make it difficult for users to accept the move to a new information system.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts an increase of new computing jobs in the time period 2012 to 2022.

The typical information systems organization is typically divided into three functions, including support, development, and ____.

____ is a process for testing skills and knowledge; successful completion of a certification exam results in an endorsement by the certifying authority that an individual is capable of performing particular tasks or jobs.

The ____ is the part of the computer that sequences and executes instructions.

Clock speed is measured in GHz or ____ .

A key advantage of ARM processors over the traditional x86 complex instruction set processors is that ___ .

The use of a collection of computers, often owned by multiple individuals or organizations, to work in a coordinated manner to solve a common problem is called ____.

____ is a highly complex process used in manufacturing computer chips with feature sizes that are extremely small.

L1 is the fastest type of cache memory built into a computer, faster even than DDR4 SDRAM memory. True or False?

The optical storage device capable of storing the

most data is the ____ .

A high-speed, special-purpose network that integrates different types of data storage devices into a single storage system and connects them to computing resources across an entire organization is called a(n) ___.

____ involves capturing and editing data where it is originally created and in a form that can be directly entered into a computer to ensure accuracy and timeliness.

After October 1, 2015, merchants who accept payments made via a chip card’s magnetic stripe can continue to do so; however, they must accept responsibility for any fraudulent purchases. True or False?

____ is a process that uses 3D printers to build human body parts and organs from actual human cells.

A combination chipset called a ___ includes processor cores, RAM and ROM memory, interface controllers, and voltage regulators.

A ___ is a low-cost, centrally managed computer with no internal or external attached drives for data storage.

Servers offer great ___ , the ability to increase the processing capability of a computer system so it can handle more users, more data, or more transactions in a given period.

_____ is an approach to improving hard- ware utilization by logically dividing the resources of a single physical server to create multiple logical servers each with its own dedicated machine.

Which of the following is not a goal of green computing?

Green computing is about saving the environment; there are no real business benefits associated with this program. True or False?

The two main categories of software are ____ .

Application software that enables users to develop a spreadsheet for tracking their exercise and eating habits is software for the workgroup sphere of influence. True or False?

 The heart of the operating system that controls its most critical processes is called the ___ .

Software applications use the OS by requesting services through a(n) ____.

____ is an operating system that can run in all three spheres of influence.

A(n) ___ server simulates a computer’s hardware architecture in software so that a single server can run operating systems and software designed for other architectures, or run several operating systems simultaneously on one system.

____ software is one-of-a-kind software designed for a specific application and owned by the company, organization, or person that uses it.

____ computing refers to the use of computing resources, including software and data storage, on the Internet, rather than on local computers.

Software that enables users to improve their personal effectiveness, increasing the amount of work they can do and its quality, is called ____ .

Each programming language has its own set of rules, called the _____ of the language.

___ is software that makes its source code available so that others may modify it.

Software ____ are an important source of increased revenue for software manufacturers and can provide useful new functionality and improved quality for software users.

A field or set of fields that uniquely identifies a record in a database is called a(n) ____.

The key concept of the database approach to data management is that ___ .

A(n) ___ provides an organizational level roadmap for building databases and information systems by creating a single definition and format for data.

The ___ model is a simple but highly useful way to organize data into collections of two-dimensional tables called relations.

The ability to combine two or more tables through common data attributes to form a new table with only the unique data attributes is called ___ .

SQL databases conform to ACID properties, which include atomicity, consistency, isolation, and ___ .

The process of detecting and then correcting or deleting incomplete, incorrect, inaccurate, or irrelevant records that reside in a database is called ____ .

Because the DBMS is responsible for providing access to a database, one of the first steps in installing and using a relational database involves “telling” the DBMS the logical and physical structure of the data and relationships among the data in the database. This description of an entire database is called a(n) _____ .

A(n) ____ is an individual responsible for the management of critical data elements, including identifying and acquiring new data sources; creating and maintaining consistent reference data and master data definitions; and analyzing data for quality and reconciling data issues.

Data administrators are skilled and trained IS professionals who hold discussions with users to define their data needs; apply database programming languages to craft a set of databases to meet those needs; and assure that data is secure from unauthorized access. True or False?

With ____ , the database is stored on a service provider’s servers and accessed by the service subscriber over the Internet, with the database administration handled by the service provider.

Three characteristics associated with big data include volume, velocity, and ____ .

The Data Management Association has defined 10 major functions of data management, with the core component being ____ .

A(n) _____ database provides a means to store and retrieve data that is modeled using some means other than simple two-dimensional relations used in relational databases.

Hadoop has two primary components—a data processing component and a distributed file system called ____ .

An ____ is a database management system that stores the entire database in random access memory to provide fast access.

Communications media can be divided into two broad categories ____ .

____ refers to the rate at which data can be exchanged and is measured in bits per second.

____ indicates how the communications links and hardware devices of the network are arranged.

Twisted-pair wire, cable, coaxial cable, and fiberoptic cable are all examples of guided communications media. True/False

Systems software that controls the computer systems and devices on a network and allows them to communicate with one another is called ____ .

The Internet transmits data in packets from one computer to another using a set of communications conventions called the _____ .

Every computer on the Internet has an assigned IP address for easy identification. True/False

A ____ is a Web address that specifies the exact location of a Web page using letters and words that map to an IP address and the location on the host.

Many Web sites use CSS to define the design and layout of Web pages, and XML to define the content, and HTML to join the content with the design. True/False

The use of social media in business is called ____.

A(n) ___ is an internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products.

There can be many issues with simply receiving and recognizing usable sensor data resulting in sensor data lacking time stamps indicating when the reading occurred or in _____ data.

One of the first things developers of IoT applications should focus on is building in ____ from the start.

Cloud computing is a computing environment in which software and storage are provided as an Internet service and accessed by users with their ____ .

_____ is an enabling technology for cloud computing that enables systems to manage themselves and adapt to changes in the computing environment, business policies, and operating objectives.

______ e-commerce activities include identifying and comparing competitive suppliers and products, negotiating and establishing prices and terms, ordering and tracking shipments, and steering organizational buyers to preferred suppliers and products.

____ involves conducting business activities (e.g., distribution, buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of products or services) electronically over computer networks.

Popular B2C Web sites have helped raise expectations as to how e-commerce must operate, and many B2B companies are responding to those heightened expectations by investing heavily in their B2B platforms. True or False?

The largest B2C retailer in the United States is ____ .

The elimination of intermediate organizations between the producer and the consumer is called ___ .

B2B is smaller and growing more slowly than B2C. True or False?

____ is not a key challenge for e-commerce.

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) created a domain called ____ to attract mobile users to the Web.

The market for m-commerce is North America is maturing much sooner than in other countries. True or False?

Key components of a multistage model for e-commerce includes search and identification,

selection and negotiation, purchasing, product and service delivery and ____ .

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a key challenge to e-commerce?

Some businesses are willing to ____ as a means to reduce excess inventory, gain new customers, or avoid paying cash for necessary raw materials or services.

The ___ security standard spells out measures and security procedures to safeguard the card issuer, the cardholder, and the merchant.

____ divides the pool of potential customers into subgroups usually defined in terms of demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, marital status, income level, and geographic location.

Mobile ad impressions are generally bought at a cost per thousand (CPM), cost per action (CPA), or ___ (CPC).

The amount of storage capacity and computing power required of a Web server depends primarily on ____ .

Key Web site performance measures include response time, transaction success rate, and system availability. True or False?

Transaction processing systems (TPSs) capture and process the fundamental data about events that affect the organization called ____ that are used to update the official records of the organization

The essential characteristic of a(n) ____ transaction processing system is that it processes transactions as they occur.

Which of the following is not one of the basic components of a TPS?

_____ involves providing feedback regarding a potential data problem and enables users to change the data.

The specific business needs and goals of the organization define the method of transaction processing best suited for the various application of the company. True or False?

Which of the following is not an objective of an organization’s batch transaction processing system?

Business data goes through a cycle that includes data collection, data , data correction, data processing, data storage, and documentation production.

Unfortunately, there are few choices for software packages that provide integrated transaction processing system solutions for small and medium-sized enterprises. True or False?

Capturing and gathering all the data necessary to complete the processing of transactions is called ___ .

Small organizations were slow to adopt ERP systems because of the relative complexity and cost of implementing these systems. True or False?

The individual application modules included in an ERP system are designed to support ___ , the most efficient and effective ways to complete a business process.

____ software helps a customer manage all aspects of customer encounters, including marketing, sales, distribution, accounting, and customer service.

The hosted software model for enterprise software helps customers acquire, use, and benefit from new technology while avoiding much of the associated complexity and high start-up costs. True or False?

____ is software used to analyze the robustness and performance of components and assemblies.

Many multinational companies roll out standard IS applications for all to use. However, standard

applications often don’t account for all the differences among business partners and employees operating in other parts of the world. Which of the following is a frequent modification that is needed for standard software?

Which of the following statements is not true?

An individual who combines strong business acumen, a deep understanding of analytics, and healthy appreciation of their data, tools, and techniques to deliver real improvements in decision making is called a _____________.

Which of the following is not an essential component for a highly effective BI program?

Most data scientists have computer programming skills and are familiar with languages and tools used to process big data, such as:

_____ is a BI analytics tool that involves the interactive examination of high-level summary data in increasing detail to gain insight.

A(n) ______ is a measure that tracks progress in executing chosen strategies to attain organizational objectives and goals.

Self-service analytics encourages nontechnical end users to make decisions based on facts and analyses rather than intuition. True or False?

_____ s a BI analytics tool used to explore large amounts of data for hidden patterns to predict future trends and behaviors for use in decision making.

A(n) ________ is a graphical representation that summarizes the steps a consumer takes in making the decision to buy your product and become a customer.

_____ knowledge is knowledge that is documented, stored, and codified.

Tacit knowledge is extremely useful and can be easily shared with others. True or False?

Which of the following is not a benefit associated with knowledge management?

The initial step in selling and implementing a knowledge management project is ____ .

The use of ____ enables humans and computers to find a good solution, although not optimal, to a complex problem.

The ____ component of an expert system seeks information and relationships to provide answers, predictions, and suggestions similar to the way a human expert would.

Robots are increasingly being used in surgical procedures including open-heart surgery. True or False?

Facebook’s AI vision system called DeepFace can correctly tell if two photos show the same person with ____ accuracy.

____ is a type of artificial system that enables a computer to change how it functions or reacts to situations based on feedback it receives.

____ is a computer system that can recognize and act on patterns or trends that it detects in large sets of data.

____ algorithms solve problems using the concept of survival of the fittest as a problem-solving strategy.

_____ are some of the file formats that can be used to store graphic images.

When video files are played while they are being downloaded from the Internet, it is called ___ video.

____ software is used widely to create outstanding graphics for feature films and has been used on every Visual Effects Academy Award for over 15 years.

____ acquired the virtual reality company Oculus VR.

_____ systems include a wide range of devices that help people with disabilities to perform tasks that they were formerly unable to accomplish or had great difficulty accomplishing.

____ involves the use of information systems to develop competitive strategies for people, organizations, or even countries.

Goal-based strategic planning is divided into four phases: ____ , set direction, define strategies, and deploy plan.

Analysis of the internal assessment and external environment are frequently summarized into a ____ matrix.

____ includes communicating the organization’s mission, vision, values, objectives, goals, and strategies so that everyone can help define the actions required to meet organizational goals.

Which of the following is an example of a SMART goal?

IS strategic planning is influenced by the corporate and ____ strategic plans as well as technology innovations and innovative thinking.

An IS organization can be viewed as either a cost center/service provider, a business partner/business peer, or as a game changer. True or False?

A clear example of a tangible benefit is _____.

_____ of all IS projects are challenged or failed.

A ____ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.

Five highly interrelated parameters define a project—scope, cost, time, ____ , and user expectations.

According to the Project Management Institute (PMI), project managers must coordinate ____ areas of expertise.

The ____ model describes how teams form, evolve, and dissolve.

_____ software is less risky and leads to quicker deployment; however, maintenance and support costs may become expensive.

____ software can provide a better match to the current work processes of the organization and may provide a potential competitive advantage; however, software development can be extremely costly, and it can take months or even years to complete.

Many organizations use a waterfall approach with six phases, including investigation, analysis, design, ____ , integration and testing, and implementation.

The waterfall approach allows for a high degree of management control, but it does not allow for

user interaction with the system until the inte- gration and testing phase, when the system is nearly complete. True or False?

The purpose of the system investigation phase is to ____ .

_____ is a diagram used to document the processes of the current system or to provide a model of a proposed new system.

The overall emphasis of the ___ phase is on gathering data on the existing system, determining the requirements of the new system, considering alternatives within identified constraints, and investigating the feasibility of alternative solutions.

The primary tool for assessing the software marketplace to determine whether existing packages can meet the organization’s needs is the ___ .

The _____ phase converts the system design into an operational system by coding and testing software programs, creating and loading data into databases, and performing initial program testing.

____ is an agile development framework that uses a team-based approach in order to keep the development effort focused and moving quickly.

In the scrum framework, the ____ is a person who represents the project stakeholders and is responsible for communicating and aligning project priorities between stakeholders and the development team.

_____ is the practice of blending the tasks performed by the development and IT operations groups to enable faster and more reliable software releases.

A preliminary evaluation of software packages and vendors begins during the ____ phase when the two or three strongest contenders are identified.

The number, variety, and severity of computer security incidents is slowly on the decline. True or False?

____is a business policy that permits, and in some cases encourages, employees to use their own mobile devices to access company computing resources and applications.

A(n) ____ is an attack on an information system that takes advantage of a particular system vulnerability.

U.S. organizations increasingly rely on commercial software with known vulnerabilities. True or False?

A ____ is someone who attacks a computer system or network for financial gain.

A ____ is a form of malware that fools its victims into thinking that it is useful software from a legitimate source.

A ____ is a set of programs that enables a user to gain administrative access to the computer without the end user’s consent or knowledge.

___is an exploit in which victims receive a voice mail message telling them to call a phone number or access a Web site.

___involves the deployment of malware that secretly steals data in the computer systems of organizations.

_____ is the process of assessing security related risks to an organization’s computers and networks from both internal and external threats.

The concept of ____ recognizes that managers must use their judgment to ensure that the cost of control does not exceed the system’s benefits or the risks involved.

A(n) ____ stands guard between an organization’s internal network and the Internet and it limits network access based on the organization’s access policy.

A(n) ____ instruction detection system contains information about specific attacks and system vulnerabilities and watches for attempts to exploit these vulnerabilities.

____ is a discipline that combines elements of law and computer science to identify, collect, examine, and preserve data from computer system, networks, and storage devices in a manner that preserves the integrity of data gathered so that it is admissible as evidence in a court of law.

Wasting time online costs U.S. businesses more than _____ annually.

Which of the following is not a common computer-related mistake?

The Government Accounting Office uncovered a total of $321 million spent in the six-year period 2008 to 2013 on projects that duplicated other efforts within the Defense Department, Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Health and Human Services. True or False?

Preventing waste and mistakes involves establishing, implementing, monitoring, and ____ policies and procedures.

Few companies have found it necessary to limit employee access to non-work-related Web sites. True or False?

The United States has implemented few laws addressing personal privacy. True or False?

The _____ imposes limitations on the bulk collection of the telecommunications meta- data of U.S. citizens; prohibits large-scale indiscriminate data collection (such as all records from an entire zip code); and requires the NSA to obtain permission from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) to access the metadata records, which are now held by telecommunication companies rather than by the government.

_____ is a tool used by the NSA and FBI to access the servers of major Internet services such as Facebook, Google, YouTube, and others to collect the content of emails, video, photos, file transfers, and live chats.

In 2015, the European Court of Justice found that the Safe Harbor Framework (an agreement that had been in place since 2000 between the United States and the European Union (EU), allowing the transfer of personal data from the EU to the United States) did not adequately protect the personal data of citizens residing in EU countries. True or False?

The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) was passed by Congress in October 1998. This act, directed at Web sites catering to children, requires site owners to post comprehensive privacy policies and to obtain parental consent before they collect any personal information from children under ____ years of age.

Heavy computer use can negatively affect one’s physical health. True or False?

Two primary causes of computer-related health problems are a poorly designed ____ and failure to take regular breaks to stretch the muscles and rest the eyes.

The study of designing and positioning computer equipment is called ____ .

Morals are one’s personal beliefs about right and wrong, whereas the term ____ describes standards or codes of behavior expected of an individual by a group (nation, organization, and profession) to which an individual belongs.

Just because an activity is defined as legal does not mean that it is ethical. True or False?

Founded in 1977, the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is the oldest computing society and boasts more than 200,000 members in more than 120 countries. True or False?