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BIO 168 Final Review

Total questions: 74

Worksheet time: 1hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the atomic number of Boron?
a)
5
b)
11
c)
6
2.
What is the atomic mass of Boron?
a)
5
b)
11
c)
6
3.

Which biomolecules provide quick energy for the cell and also provide materials to build the cell membrane/wall?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Lipids

d)

Nucleic Acids

4.

Which biomolecules contains your genetic information?

a)

Proteins

b)

Lipids

c)

Carbohydrates

d)

Nucleic Acids

5.

This organelle digests dead cell parts and contains enzymes

a)

lysosome

b)

golgi body

c)

smooth ER

d)

Rough ER

6.

Which organelle controls what goes in and out of the cell?

a)

nucleus

b)

nucleolus

c)

cell membrane

d)

nuclear membrane

7.

Which organelle contains DNA and controls the cell?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

nucleus

c)

nucleolus

d)

lysosme

8.

Proteins are produced at this organelle.

a)

golgi body

b)

ribosome

c)

cytoskeleton

d)

cilia

9.
Movement of particles from high to low concentration. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
10.
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
11.

The solution surrounding the cell in Diagram B, would be defined as:

a)

hypertonic

b)

hypotonic

c)

isotonic

12.
The cell below is in a _____________ solution.
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Hypotonic
c)
Isotonic
13.
Maintaining body temperature is an example of a:
a)
negative feedback loop
b)
positive feedback loop
14.
What type of feedback loop is shown?
a)
negative
b)
neutral 
c)
positive
15.
Epithelial tissue is
a)
Bone, cartilage,dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue, and blood
b)
Highly specialized tissue that contracts or shortens to produce movement
c)
Lining and covering tissue of the body such as skin
16.
Blood is an example of what type of tissue?
a)
muscle
b)
epithelial
c)
nervous
d)
connective
17.

This type of tissue relays messages

a)

epithelial

b)

connective

c)

muscular

d)

nervous

18.

This tissue type supports, protects, binds other tissues together.

a)

nervous

b)

muscle

c)

epithelial

d)

connective

19.

Which is the deepest layer of the epidermis?

a)

Stratum Corneum

b)

Stratum Basale

c)

Stratum Lucidum

d)

Stratum Granulosum

20.
Skin color is due to a pigment called
a)
Keratin
b)
Melanin
c)
Chromatin
d)
Epithelium
21.
The protein that makes us "waterproof" is called
a)
keratin
b)
melanin
c)
carotene
d)
mucus
22.
Sweating to regulate body temperature is an example of
a)
negative feedback
b)
positive feedback
c)
a homeostatic imbalance
d)
aging
23.

The function of the integumentary system includes all of these except what?

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Cooling system

c)

Synthesis of Vitamin A

d)

Excretion of wastes

24.
paleness of the skin is known as:
a)
cyanosis
b)
swelling
c)
pallor
d)
ecchymosis
25.
redness of the skin caused by congestion of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin that occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation
a)
ecchymosis
b)
bruit
c)
erythema
26.
bluish discoloration or skin color changes, particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds- due to lack of oxygen
a)
petechiae
b)
bruit
c)
cyanosis
d)
adventitious lung sounds
27.

Which is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

a)

production of red blood cells

b)

store calcium

c)

digest food

d)

movement, protection, and support

28.
Bone forming cells are called...
a)
osteoblasts
b)
osteocytes
c)
osteoclasts
d)
osteons
29.
Most bones of the skeleton are formed by...
a)
endochondral ossification
b)
gender specific ossification
c)
intramembranous ossification
d)
hyaline ossification
30.
During endochondral ossification
a)
hyaline cartilage turns into bone 
b)
fibrocartilage turns into bone
c)
elastic cartilage turns into bone
d)
bone differentiates into cartilage
31.
The continuous breakdown and reforming of bone tissue is called ______.
a)
remodeling
b)
rebuilding
c)
rehabituation
d)
renewl
32.

What role do osteoclasts play in bone structure?

a)

Stimulate bone formation

b)

Lend support and tensile strength

c)

Resorb bone; major role in mineral homeostasis

d)

Induce cartilage, bone, tendon, and ligament formation and repair

33.

What is osteoporosis?

a)

The bulidup of plague within the tissue and lungs

b)

Entrapped air inside the lung

c)

The constriction of airflow in the lung

d)

The decrease in bone mass due to the change in the strength of the bone

34.

If you were Hypercalcemic (high Ca2+), which hormone would be released to lower Ca2+ back to a homeostatic range.

a)
calcitonin
b)
insulin
c)
aldosterone
d)
parathyroid hormone
35.
Negative Feedback Loops:
a)
amplify processes
b)
prevent small changes from getting larger
c)
are initiated during childbirth
d)
are found only in plants
36.

What is the primary function of melanin?

a)

to produce vitamin D

b)

uptake of calcium from the diet

c)

to waterproof the skin

d)

to provide protection against the sun's UV rays

37.

The point at which the nerve cell reaches the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber is the _____.

a)

Neurotransmitter

b)

Acetylcholine

c)

Synaptic cleft

d)

Neuromuscular Junction

38.

The gap between the nerve cell and sarcolemma is the ____ ___.

a)

Synaptic cleft

b)

Neurotransmitter

c)

Motor unit

d)

Neuromuscular junction

39.

What is the specific neurotransmitter that stimulates the movement of skeletal muscles?

a)

GABA

b)

Acetylcholine

c)

Serotonin

d)

Dopamine

40.

At rest, tropomyosin:

a)
activates the myosin-binding sites on actin
b)
prevents the binding of ATP to myosin
c)
blocks the myosin-binding sites on actin
d)
binds to the myosin-binding sites on actin
41.

During skeletal muscle excitation, ___ binds to troponin which allows for ___

a)

Ca2+,

myosin to move out of the way

b)

K+,

tropomyosin to move out of the way

c)

Ca2+,

tropomyosin to move out of the way

d)

Na+,

tropomyosin to move out of the way

42.

What happens in the neuromuscular junction? Put in order


1. Acetylcholinesterase degrades Ach

2. ACh diffuses across to ACh receptors (Na+ chemical gates) on the sarcolemma

3.AP arrives at the axon terminal

4. Calcium entry causes the release of ACh neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft

5. ACh binding to receptors, opens gates, allowing Na+ to enter resulting in end-plate potential

6. Voltage-gated calcium channels open, calcium enters the motor neuron

(a)  

43.

The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n)

a)

myelin sheath

b)

association area

c)

endocrine gland

d)

neural network

44.

The function of the dendrites is to

a)

Release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons

b)

Receive incoming signals from other neurons

c)

Coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

d)

Control pain through the release of opiate-like chemicals into the brain

45.
A chemical produced by neurons that carries messages to other neurons
a)
myelin sheath
b)
neurotransmitter
c)
axon
d)
axon terminal
46.

most common; 1 axon but multiple dendrites; found in CNS, like the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum

a)

Unipolar

b)

Bipolar

c)

Multipolar

d)

Pseudounipolar

47.
Which ions are involved in an action potential?
a)
Na; Cl
b)
Na; K
c)
K; Cl
d)
Na; Ca
48.

Which of the following is involved in maintaining the resting membrane potential of neurons?

a)

Na+/K+ ATPase pump moves 3Na+ in for every 2K+ out

b)

Na+/K+ ATPase pump moves 3K+ in for every 2Na+ out

c)

Na+/K+ ATPase pump moves 3Na+ out for every 2K+ in

d)

Na+/K+ ATPase pump moves 3K+ out for every 2Na+ in

49.
What is the normal resting potential of a neuron cell membrane?
a)
+40mV
b)
-30mV
c)
+55mV
d)
-70mV
50.

At resting membrane potential, neurons have more​ (a)   on the outside of the cell membrane.

Choose from the below words
Na+
K+
NaCl
Cl-
51.
At which point on the diagram does depolarisation of the axon occur? 
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
52.

Which number on the graph represents the threshold potential?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

e)

6

53.

When the membrane potential reaches +30mV, ________ channels open, ________ occurs, and ________ channels close.

a)

sodium, depolarization, potassium

b)

potassium, depoloarization, sodium

c)

sodium, repolarization, potassium

d)

postassium, repolarization, sodium

54.

Reorder the following (starting at beginning)

a)

Resting potential (-70mV), stimulus received

b)

Na+ gates open, threshold reached (-55 mV)

c)

Na+ gates open

d)

Na+ moves into the axon

e)

Action potential reached (+30mV)

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
55.

Reorder the following (starting at the action potential)

a)

Action potential reached (+30mV)

b)

Na+ inactivation gates close, K+ gates open

c)

K+ exits the cell, repolarization

d)

K+ still open, goes below -70 mV, hyperpolarization

e)

Na/K pump restores to resting potential

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
56.

True or False:

The cerebellum controls balance and coordination.

a)

True

b)

False

57.

What connects the right and left lobes of the cerebrum?

a)

Corpus Callosum

b)

Brainstem

c)

Pons

d)

Thalamus

58.

Which part of the brain is responsible for giving meaning to the information received by the senses.

a)

The cerebellum

b)

The frontal lobe

c)

The occipital lobe

d)

The Parietal Lobe

59.

What is the role of the brainstem in the human brain?

a)

The brainstem is responsible for long-term memory storage

b)

The brainstem regulates body temperature

c)

The brainstem controls muscle movement and coordination

d)

The brainstem controls basic life functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

60.

Which of the following best explains the phenomenon of referred pain?

a)

Pain is only perceived after tissue damage has spread to surrounding areas

b)

Pain is caused by increased activity of thermoreceptors at the injury site

c)

Pain is amplified in the brain and projected back to the area of injury

d)

Pain is not felt at the injured tissue due to convergence of nerve signals

61.
_____, which respond to heat or cold, help regulate body temperature by signaling both surface and body core temperature
a)
Thermoreceptors
b)
mechanoreceptors
c)
chemoreceptors
d)
Pain receptors
62.

What type of receptor is primarily responsible for detecting light?

a)

Photoreceptors

b)

Mechanoreceptors

c)

Chemoreceptors

d)

Thermoreceptors

63.

Match the correct description to the term.

a)

Chemoreceptors

1.

Senses chemicals

b)

Cones

2.

Photoreceptor that senses color

c)

Rods

3.

Photoreceptor; senses light intensity

d)

Thermoreceptors

4.

Senses heat

64.
The "fight or flight" response during threatening situations in the role of the:
a)
sympathetic nervous system
b)
parasympathetic system
c)
somatic nervous system
d)
cerebellum
65.
The _____part of the autonomic nervous system is active during resting.
a)
sympathetic
b)
parasympathetic
c)
somatic
d)
peripheral
66.

What type of neuron is A?

a)

Sensory

b)

Inter

c)

Motor

67.

What type of neuron is B?

a)

Sensory

b)

Inter

c)

Motor

68.

Name an effector in this diagram.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

D

d)

E

e)

F

69.

In a reflex arc, the sensory neuron leads to the ___________ and the motor neuron leads to the __________

a)

Spinal cord, CNS

b)

CNS, muscle

c)

Spinal cord, muscle

d)

Muscle, CNS

70.

Drag and drop the labels.

a)response
b)effector
c)motor neuron
d)sensory neuron
e)receptor
f)stimulus
1
2
3
4
5
6
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
71.
What part of the eye allows us to see color?
a)
cones
b)
rods
c)
iris
d)
eyeball
72.
The first part of the eye that light hits. 
a)
lens
b)
cornea
c)
pupil
d)
retina
73.
Which of the following is the correct order of the structures through which light passes after entering the eye?
a)
Lens, pupil, cornea, retina
b)
Pupil, cornea, lens, retina
c)
Cornea, retina, pupil, lens
d)
Cornea, pupil, lens, retina
74.

Receptors for taste and smell

a)

photoreceptors

b)

chemoreceptors

c)

hair cells

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