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WorksheetsFinal Examination in NCM 106 Pharmacology
Total questions: 90
Worksheet time: 46mins
Where is the majority of extracellular fluid found in the body?
Within blood vessels (intravascular)
Surrounding cells (interstitial)
Inside cells (intracellular)
In the lymphatic system
WWhich of the following compartments contains the largest portion of the body’s total water volume?
Intravascular
Interstitial
Intracellular
Plasma
What is a characteristic of a hyperosmolar solution?
It causes water to move out of cells, leading to cellular dehydration.
It promotes water movement into cells, causing them to swell.
It has the same osmolarity as body fluids.
It has no effect on water distribution in the body.
Which IV solution is most commonly used to treat dehydration?
0.9% Normal Saline (Isotonic)
0.45% Saline (Hypotonic)
3% Saline (Hypertonic)
Dextrose 10% in Water (Hypertonic)
Why is it important to regularly assess fluid balance in patients undergoing treatment?
To evaluate the effectiveness of medications
To determine the patient's nutritional needs
To monitor the patient's fluid status and prevent complications
To assess the patient's mental health
What electrolyte disturbance should be monitored closely during intravenous fluid therapy?
Hyponatremia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypokalemia
Hypermagnesemia
What is an essential task for a nurse when starting intravenous medication administration?
Assessing the patient's vital signs
Calculating the dosage of the medication
Documenting the patient's medical history
Scheduling follow-up appointments
What is the initial action a nurse should perform before starting an IV therapy?
Gather the necessary equipment
Check the patient's medical history
Prepare the IV site
Inform the patient about the IV therapy
What symptoms might suggest an infection at an IV insertion site?
Pain, warmth, and discharge from the site
Clear and dry skin around the site
Increased heart rate
Coolness and pallor at the site
Which factor is crucial to assess when determining the best site for IV catheter placement?
The patient's hydration status
The depth of the vein
The patient's medical history
The type of medication to be administered
What should a nurse do if an IV infusion appears to be infiltrating?
Check the infusion rate and adjust as needed
Apply a warm compress to the site
Remove the IV and apply pressure to the site
Notify the physician and document the findings
When should a nurse change an IV dressing?
Every 12 hours
When it becomes wet or soiled
Only when the patient requests it
Once a week
Which complication should a nurse monitor for in a patient receiving IV fluids?
Hypotension
Fluid overload
Dehydration
Hypercalcemia
What is osmolality measure of in IV fluids?
The volume of fluid
The concentration of solutes per kilogram of solvent
The temperature of the fluid
The color of the fluid
Which of the following best describes isotonic IV solutions?
Higher osmolality than blood
Lower osmolality than blood
Same osmolality as blood
No osmolality at all
Which condition may contraindicate the use of hypotonic IV solutions?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypernatremia
Cerebral edema
Hypoglycemia
Which IV fluid is an example of a hypertonic solution?
0.9% Normal Saline
5% Dextrose in Water (D5W)
3% Saline
Lactated Ringer's
How do hypertonic IV solutions affect fluid movement in the body?
Draw water into cells from the extracellular space
Move water out of cells into the extracellular space
Have no effect on fluid movement
Cause equal distribution of water inside and outside cells
Which of the following patients would most benefit from a hypotonic IV solution?
A patient with severe hyponatremia
A patient with intracellular dehydration
A patient with pulmonary edema
A patient with fluid overload
Which of the following IV fluids would you administer to a patient with dehydration and hypovolemia?
0.45% Saline (Hypotonic)
0.9% Normal Saline (Isotonic)
10% Dextrose in Water (Hypertonic)
Distilled Water
In which situation would a hypertonic IV solution be most appropriate?
Treating intracranial pressure
Treating hypotension
Treating hypervolemia
Treating hyponatremia
Which of the following is a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)? Select all that apply.
Diclofenac
Ibuprofen
Codeine
Morphine
Which of the following is an example of a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation?
Prednisone
Dexamethasone
Atorvastatin
Metformin
What is a potential side effect of corticosteroid use?
Increased immune response
Weight loss
Osteoporosis
Hyperpigmentation
Which anti-inflammatory drug is commonly used to treat chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis?
Aspirin
Methotrexate
Lisinopril
Amoxicillin
Which condition requires caution or avoidance when prescribing NSAIDs?
Mild fever
Muscle strain
History of gastrointestinal ulcers
Seasonal allergies
Which of the following medications is a selective COX-2 inhibitor?
Celecoxib
Naproxen
Diclofenac
Indomethacin
Which condition is often treated with NSAIDs?
Diabetes
Hypertension
Inflammatory conditions such as arthritis
Asthma
Which of the following NSAIDs is known for its cardio-protective effects when taken in low doses?
Naproxen
Aspirin
Celecoxib
Ketorolac
What is an important nursing consideration when administering NSAIDs to a patient?
Monitoring for signs of infection
Monitoring for gastrointestinal distress and bleeding
Ensuring the patient avoids exercise
Administering the medication without any food
What is a common risk associated with the long-term use of NSAIDs?
Kidney damage
Increased appetite
Vision impairment
Skin discoloration
Which symptom should prompt a nurse to contact the healthcare provider for a patient taking corticosteroids?
Mild headache
Persistent weight gain and swelling in the legs
Slight fatigue
Occasional dry mouth
What advice should a nurse give a patient to minimize the gastrointestinal side effects of NSAIDs?
Take the medication with a full glass of water.
Avoid all dairy products.
Only take the medication at night.
Skip meals when taking this medication.
What is a key nursing intervention to manage potential side effects of corticosteroids?
Encourage a low-sodium diet to prevent fluid retention
Increase the patient's fluid intake drastically
Advise the patient to avoid all physical activity
Recommend fasting for short periods
Why is it important for a nurse to monitor blood pressure in a patient receiving corticosteroids?
Corticosteroids can cause hypotension
Corticosteroids can cause hypertension and fluid retention
Corticosteroids have no effect on blood pressure
To ensure the patient remains drowsy
Which class of antibiotics inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?
Aminoglycosides
Penicillins
Tetracyclines
Fluoroquinolones
Which antibiotic is known to cause teeth discoloration in children?
Penicillin
Ciprofloxacin
Tetracycline
Erythromycin
After administering a hypertonic solution, what is the nurse's priority action?
Monitor for electrolyte imbalances
Encourage the patient to drink additional fluids
Check the patient's blood glucose levels frequently
Assess for signs of hypovolemia
Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac arrhythmias during fluid replacement therapy?
Hypernatremia
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hyperchloremia
Which of the following is a key nursing intervention when monitoring for hypocalcemia during fluid replacement therapy?
Monitor for positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs
Assess for increased blood pressure and pulse
Check for decreased deep tendon reflexes
Observe for dark, concentrated urine
Which IV solution is most likely to cause no significant change in cell size when infused?
Hypertonic solution
Isotonic solution
Hypotonic solution
Colloid solution
In which situation would a hypotonic IV solution be most appropriate?
To treat intracellular dehydration
To reduce cerebral edema
To replace blood volume loss
To manage hyperkalemia
Which IV solution is most commonly used to expand extracellular fluid volume in a patient with hypovolemia?
0.45% Saline (Hypotonic)
0.9% Normal Saline (Isotonic)
3% Saline (Hypertonic)
5% Dextrose in Water (Isotonic)
Which of the following patients would require caution when prescribing NSAIDs?
A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease
A patient taking antihypertensive medications
A patient with mild arthritis
A patient recovering from a sprain
What is a primary mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system
Blocking the reuptake of serotonin
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes
Activation of opioid receptors
Which of the following is a common side effect of opioid analgesics?
Increased respiratory rate
Diarrhea
Constipation
Hyperreflexia
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of opioid use?
Increased heart rate
Respiratory depression
Diarrhea
Hypertension
When administering opioids for pain management, what is the nurse's priority assessment?
Skin integrity
Respiratory rate
Blood glucose levels
Body temperature
Which of the following medications is commonly used as an antidote for opioid overdose?
Naloxone
Acetylcysteine
Flumazenil
Protamine sulfate
Before administering acetaminophen, which of the following should the nurse assess?
Renal function
Liver function
Neurological status
Electrolyte levels
A patient prescribed ibuprofen for pain management reports stomach discomfort. What should the nurse recommend?
Take the medication on an empty stomach
Discontinue the medication immediately
Take the medication with food or milk
Increase the dose for quicker relief
When administering a narcotic pain reliever, what is the most important nursing intervention?
Monitor the patient's urine output
Assess the patient's pain level after 24 hours
Monitor for signs of respiratory depression
Assess for peripheral edema
Which of the following antibiotics is commonly used to treat bacterial infections caused by gram-positive bacteria?
Amoxicillin
Gentamicin
Ciprofloxacin
Trimethoprim
What is a common adverse effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics?
Rash
Superinfection
Insomnia
Constipation
Which of the following is a common side effect of taking antibiotics like amoxicillin?
Increased appetite
Diarrhea
Insomnia
Hypertension
Which of the following is a serious adverse reaction associated with the use of the antibiotic vancomycin?
Ototoxicity
Weight gain
Visual disturbances
Dizziness
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving antibiotics for a urinary tract infection. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for as a possible adverse effect?
Decreased appetite
Renal function
Hypotension
Increased pulse rate
What is the primary therapeutic use of oxytocin in obstetrics?
To prevent preterm labor
To induce or augment labor
To relieve postpartum pain
To treat gestational diabetes
What is a potential adverse effect of oxytocin administration for labor induction?
Uterine hyperstimulation
Hypertension
Fetal bradycardia
All of the above
What is the primary indication for administering Methergine?
To induce labor
To prevent or treat postpartum hemorrhage
To manage preeclampsia
To relieve postpartum pain
Which patient condition is a contraindication for Methergine use?
Hypotension
Hypertension
Bradycardia
Postpartum depression
Which of the following is a key nursing consideration when administering magnesium sulfate?
Monitor deep tendon reflexes regularly
Encourage the patient to ambulate frequently
Administer magnesium sulfate as a bolus injection
Avoid monitoring urine output during therapy
What is a potential adverse effect of magnesium sulfate that requires immediate nursing intervention?
Bradycardia
Respiratory depression
Hypertension
Increased fetal movements
What is the primary purpose of administering dexamethasone to a pregnant woman at risk of preterm delivery?
To suppress uterine contractions
To promote fetal lung maturity
To reduce maternal blood pressure
To prevent maternal infections
When administering dexamethasone to a woman with preterm labor, which of the following is an important consideration?
It should be given immediately after rupture of membranes
It is typically given in two doses 24 hours apart
It should only be administered after 36 weeks of gestation
It should be used in combination with magnesium sulfate
Antipsychotic medications primarily exert their therapeutic effect by:
Increasing serotonin levels in the brain
Blocking dopamine receptors
Stimulating GABA neurotransmission
Enhancing acetylcholine activity
Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with typical antipsychotics such as haloperidol?
Severe sedation
Orthostatic hypotension
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
Weight loss
A patient taking phenothiazines develops dry mouth and blurred vision. These symptoms are due to:
Dopamine blockade
Serotonin enhancement
Anticholinergic effects
Histamine stimulation
Which psychiatric medication is commonly used for acute agitation and psychosis because of its rapid onset?
Fluoxetine
Haloperidol
Lithium
Valproic acid
Benzodiazepines such as lorazepam reduce anxiety by:
Blocking dopamine receptors
Increasing serotonin reuptake
Enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA
Suppressing norepinephrine release
Which instruction is most important for a patient prescribed benzodiazepines?
Increase the dose if anxiety persists
Stop the medication abruptly when symptoms improve
Avoid alcohol and CNS depressants
Take the medication only in the morning
Abrupt discontinuation of benzodiazepines may result in:
Hypertension and seizures
Bradycardia and hypotension
Weight gain
Respiratory alkalosis
A patient taking lithium should be closely monitored for:
Hypoglycemia
Dehydration and sodium imbalance
Elevated liver enzymes
Respiratory depression
Which antidepressant class works by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin?
MAO inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Antipsychotics
The nurse evaluates effective antipsychotic therapy when the patient demonstrates:
Complete absence of hallucinations within 24 hours
Improved ability to perform activities of daily living
Immediate weight gain
Increased sedation throughout the day
Which medication is commonly administered to suppress uterine contractions in preterm labor?
Oxytocin
Magnesium sulfate
Misoprostol
Methylergonovine
Magnesium sulfate prevents preterm labor primarily by:
Stimulating uterine contractions
Blocking sodium channels
Relaxing uterine smooth muscle through calcium antagonism
Increasing oxytocin release
Which assessment finding indicates possible magnesium sulfate toxicity?
Increased urine output
Hyperactive reflexes
Respiratory depression
Elevated blood pressure
The antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity is:
Sodium bicarbonate
Calcium gluconate
Naloxone
Protamine sulfate
Terbutaline delays preterm labor by:
Enhancing prostaglandin synthesis
Increasing uterine tone
Relaxing uterine smooth muscle via beta-2 receptor stimulation
Blocking serotonin receptors
Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with beta-2 sympathomimetics such as terbutaline?
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Respiratory depression
Oxytocin is contraindicated in which situation?
Prolonged labor
Uterine atony
Fetal distress without imminent delivery
Postpartum hemorrhage
A nurse administering oxytocin should closely monitor for:
Decreased uterine contractions
Uterine hyperstimulation
Hypoglycemia
Decreased fetal heart rate variability
Which medication is commonly given to prevent postpartum hemorrhage by promoting uterine contraction?
Magnesium sulfate
Terbutaline
Methylergonovine
Nifedipine
When administering iron supplements during pregnancy, the nurse should instruct the patient to:
Take the medication with milk
Expect black tarry stools
Discontinue use if constipation occurs
Take the medication at bedtime only
Which analgesic is generally considered the drug of choice for pain and fever during pregnancy?
A. Ibuprofen
B. Aspirin
C. Acetaminophen
D. Naproxen
Why are NSAIDs generally avoided during the third trimester of pregnancy?
A. They cause maternal hypertension
B. They increase uterine contractions
C. They may cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus
D. They reduce placental blood flow early in pregnancy
A pregnant woman at 10 weeks’ gestation asks which pain medication is safest. Which response is most appropriate?
A. “Ibuprofen is safest during early pregnancy.”
B. “Aspirin should be taken daily for pain.”
C. “Acetaminophen is generally preferred when used as directed.”
D. “All pain medications are contraindicated.”
Which adverse fetal effect is associated with prolonged NSAID use during pregnancy?
A. Neural tube defects
B. Renal dysfunction and oligohydramnios
C. Fetal hypoglycemia
D. Congenital heart block
Which nursing teaching is appropriate for a pregnant patient taking acetaminophen?
“Take higher doses if pain persists.”
“Avoid acetaminophen during all trimesters.”
“Do not exceed the recommended daily dose.”
“Combine acetaminophen with NSAIDs for better pain relief.”
