Font size
WorksheetsSemester 1 Psychology Summative exam (FINAL)
Total questions: 82
Worksheet time: 1hrs 22mins
In terms of the effect on the central nervous system, alcohol is most accurately classified as which of the following types of drug?
Depressant
Narcotic
Psychoactive
Stimulant
The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the
cerebellum
limbic system
medulla
hippocampus
The argument over the relative contributions of heredity and environment in the development of various behaviors and personality traits is known as which of the following controversies?
Continuous versus discrete
Nature versus nurture
Active versus passive
Critical period versus sensitive period
Balance is influenced by the
cochlea
basilar membrane
eardrum
semicircular canals
The biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and-day periodicity is referred to as
spontaneous neural activity
a fixed-interval schedule
a circadian rhythm
active consciousness
Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him. Which of the following brain structures is most closely associated with Ted’s fear response?
Medulla
Occipital lobe
Hippocampus
Amygdala
What is the primary function of the brain region indicated by the arrow?
Memory formation
Sleeping, waking, and dreaming
Regulation of body temperature
Emotional responses
The brain’s ability to adapt after it is damaged is known as
integration
plasticity
polarization
lateralization
If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is
green
red
blue
black
People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their
rods
cones
lens
optic nerve
The process of converting incoming physical energy into a neural code that can be processed is called
transduction
sensory threshold
sensory adaptation
parallel processing
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the reflex arc of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus?
Receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons
Receptors, motor neurons, interneurons, sensory neurons
Interneurons, receptors, sensory neurons, motor neurons
Receptors, sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons
Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a
speech deficit
visual deficit
motor deficit
hearing loss
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all
hormones excreted by the endocrine glands
secretions of the exocrine glands
drugs used in the therapeutic treatment of memory disorders
neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse
Emma has lost the ability to understand language. She has most likely suffered damage to the
left frontal lobe
left temporal lobe
cerebellum
right temporal lobe
In the figure above, a patient has been asked to draw a slash through each circle. The pattern of responses suggests that the patient has most likely experienced damage in which of the following areas?
Left occipital lobe
Medulla
Cerebellum
Right hemisphere
Although his parents repeatedly warn him about the dangers of texting while driving, seventeen-year-old Marco continues to do so. Which of the following most likely explains Marco’s persistence?
Authoritative parenting style
High level of the Big Five trait of neuroticism
Incomplete frontal lobe development
Narcissistic personality disorder
In a memory study, participants were given different things to focus on as they tried to remember words presented. For some of the words, they were asked whether the word was in capital letters (case); for others, whether the word rhymed with a target word (rhyme); and for still others, whether the word belonged in a given sentence (sentence). Which of the following statements is supported by the graph?
Participants in the rhyme condition relied mostly on semantic encoding.
Participants in the case condition remembered fewer words because of shallow processing.
Participants in the sentence condition remembered more owing to context-dependent memory.
Participants in the sentence condition remembered more than those in the rhyme condition because they utilized distributed rehearsal.
A group of psychologists wanted to develop an intelligence test that would be quicker to administer than the one they were using, which was a standardized test that required answering as many questions correctly as possible in a given time. The existing test was considered valid and reliable. In the psychologists’ new test, participants had to find an image hidden in a visual display as quickly as possible. The psychologists collected data to determine the relation between the number of items the participants answered correctly on the original standardized test and the time it took them to spot the hidden image on the new test. The graph below displays the results. Based on the graph, which of the following would most likely be used to assess the relation between the participants’ scores on the two tests?
Correlation coefficient
Mean difference
Standard deviation
T-test
Which of the following values best represents the value of the statistic associated with the graph?
A correlation
Analysis of variance
Descriptive statistics
Factor analysis
Malik completed a personality test in January, again in May, and once more in September. His three scores were very similar to one another. This similarity suggests that the test has
test-retest reliability
content validity
construct validity
criterion-related validity
Based on the data, what is the most appropriate conclusion?
Distributed practice is more effective at enhancing longer-term retention of material relative to massed practice.
Distributed practice is more effective than massed practice for short-term memory.
Massed practice is more effective than distributed practice is for enhancing sensory memory.
Massed practice is more effective for longer-term retention than distributed practice is.
Cognitive psychologists are most likely to study which of the following?
the acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem solving
how infants move from basic trust to autonomy
the conflicts of the conscious and the unconscious
how survival processes vary across cultures
The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the
hippocampus
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebellum
A student who obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is best characterized as having
ranked 75th from the top in a group of 100 test takers
answered 75% of the test questions correctly
scored higher than 75% of the test takers
scored 75% higher than the average test taker
Which of the following is true about the blind spot in the eye?
It occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye.
It is caused by an excess of bipolar cells in the retina.
It is most apparent in low levels of illumination.
It is stimulated only by high levels of illumination.
Which of the following is a circadian rhythm?
The ebb and flow of an individual’s emotions during a 24-hour period
Jet lag experienced after an airline flight from Los Angeles to Tokyo
A cycle of biological functioning that lasts about 25 hours
The series of five stages that people go through during a normal night’s sleep
Which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system?
Somatic . . endocrine and exocrine
Central . . somatic and sympathetic
Autonomic . . sympathetic and parasympathetic
Peripheral . . central nervous system and the spinal cord
Which of the following regions of the body has the largest area of sensory cortex devoted to it?
Trunk
Arm
Leg
Face
In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions?
Schizophrenia
Epilepsy
Narcolepsy
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
The limbic system is most closely associated with
logic and reasoning
decision making
emotions
sensory sensitivity
The role of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is to
facilitate the body’s fight-or-flight response
prepare the body to cope with stress
prompt the body to use its resources in responding to environmental stimuli
establish homeostasis after a fight-or-flight response
The graph depicts the stages of sleep, including REM and NREM (Stages 1, 2, and 3). For the person with the results shown in the graph, progressing across the x-axis, there is most likely to be an increase in which of the following?
REM sleep behavior disorder
Somnambulism
Night terrors
Dreaming
The perceived pitch of a tone is largely determined by its
loudness
timbre
amplitude
frequency
Reuptake of a neurotransmitter refers to
absorption of the neurotransmitter into the dendrites of the receiving neuron
absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron
release of the neurotransmitter by the soma of the originating neuron
the rate at which a neurotransmitter is created for use by a neuron
A researcher is studying the effect of caffeinated drinks on the activity level of ten-year-old children. Half of the children in the study drank caffeinated soda, and half drank noncaffeinated soda. Neither the research team nor the children knew which drinks had caffeine and which drinks did not. The researchers were using:
the placebo effect
random selection
a single-blind design
a double-blind design
A research group conducted a study investigating the connection between self-reported number of hours slept in a given week and scores on a happiness measure. Based on the scatterplot above, the group can report that there is
no relationship between amount of self-reported sleep and happiness
a positive correlation
a negative correlation
a perfect, positive relationship between amount of self-reported sleep and happiness
A researcher tested his memory using combinations of three-letter nonsense syllables. Which of the following graphs best represents his findings about the relationship between forgetting and time?
Graph A
Graph B
Graph C
Graph D
Which area of the brain is not well developed until after three years of age, offering a possible explanation for infantile amnesia?
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Hippocampus
Which of the following best defines the term 'absolute threshold' in the context of sensation and perception?
The point at which a stimulus becomes consciously processed
The maximum level of stimulation a person can tolerate
The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection
Which scenario is the best example of an absolute threshold?
Recognizing a familiar face in a crowd
Noticing the difference in weight between two bags of groceries
Becoming less sensitive to a constant background noise over time
Detecting the first hint of perfume in a large room
In a laboratory experiment, participants are asked to identify the faintest sound they can hear. This experiment is most likely measuring the participant’s
difference threshold
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
perceptual set
Which disorder is characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks, in which a sufferer may slip directly into REM sleep
Insomnia
Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea
Night Terrors
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'just noticeable difference' (JND) in sensation and perception?
The maximum intensity of a stimulus that can be tolerated
The ability to detect a stimulus in the absence of background noise
The point at which a stimulus becomes consciously processed
The smallest change in a stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time
If a person can detect a difference between two weights only when the difference is at least 2 grams, what does this illustrate?
Perceptual set
Absolute threshold
Sensory adaptation
Just noticeable difference
According to Weber’s Law, the just noticeable difference for a stimulus is
the same for all types of stimuli
a constant proportion of the original stimulus
determined by the absolute threshold
unrelated to the intensity of the stimulus
What is the primary function of the cochlea in the ear?
Conversion of sound vibrations into neural signals
Balance regulation
Sound wave amplification
Protection from loud noises
Which part of the ear contains fluid and helps maintain equilibrium?
Eardrum
Semicircular canals
Middle ear
Outer ear
Which part of the eye is responsible for controlling the amount of light that enters?
Retina
Iris
Cornea
Lens
What is the main function of the retina in the human eye?
To regulate eye pressure
To convert light into neural signals
To produce tears
To focus light onto the lens
Which structure connects the eye to the brain and transmits visual information?
Vitreous humor
Sclera
Optic nerve
Macula
The corpus callosum serves which main function in the brain?
Controlling voluntary muscle movements
Regulating heartbeat and breathing
Connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
Producing cerebrospinal fluid
Which of the following is a primary function of the parietal lobe?
Regulating heart rate
Processing visual information
Controlling voluntary muscle movements
Integrating sensory information from different parts of the body
Which of the following best describes the main focus of the behavioral approach in psychology?
Observable actions and learned responses
Biological processes and brain structures
Personal growth and self-actualization
Unconscious motives and conflicts
The cognitive approach in psychology primarily investigates
How unconscious drives shape behavior
The role of genetics in personality development
The influence of rewards and punishments on behavior
How people think, perceive, and solve problems
Which psychological approach emphasizes the influence of culture, society, and group dynamics on behavior?
Biological
Humanistic
Sociocultural
Psychodynamic
Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons?
Myelin sheath
Dendrite
Axon
Node of Ranvier
The myelin sheath that covers some axons serves which of the following functions?
Stores neurotransmitters
Receives signals from other neurons
Generates action potentials
Speeds up the transmission of neural impulses
What is the function of the axon terminal in a neuron?
To generate electrical impulses
To transmit signals to other cells
To insulate the axon
To receive information from the environment
Which type of neuron is responsible for carrying information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system?
Glial cell
Sensory neuron
Interneuron
Motor neuron
What is the primary function of motor neurons?
Support and protect neurons
Detect changes in the environment
Process information within the spinal cord
Transmit impulses from the brain to muscles and glands
Which of the following best describes interneurons?
They are found only in the peripheral nervous system.
They transmit signals from muscles to the brain.
They connect sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system.
They produce myelin to insulate axons.
Which structure contains the taste receptor cells responsible for detecting taste sensations?
Olfactory bulb
Retina
Taste buds
Cochlea
What property of a sound wave determines its pitch?
Speed
Wavelength
Frequency
Amplitude
Which of the following best describes sensory adaptation?
The ability to detect the smallest change in a stimulus
The process by which sensory receptors become less sensitive to constant stimuli
The conversion of physical energy into neural signals
The organization and interpretation of sensory information
Damage to the hippocampus would most likely result in which of the following?
Difficulty forming new memories
Loss of balance
Impaired speech production
Reduced emotional responses
The hippocampus is located in which part of the brain?
Parietal lobe
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
The brain stem is primarily responsible for which of the following functions?
Storing long-term memories
Processing visual information
Regulating heart rate and breathing
Controlling voluntary muscle movements
Which of the following best describes the meaning of the R value in statistics?
The probability of a Type I error
The strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables
The average value of a dataset
The difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset
If a correlation coefficient (r value) is close to 0, what does this indicate about the relationship between two variables?
The variables are causally related
There is a strong positive relationship
There is a strong negative relationship
There is little to no linear relationship
Which r value indicates the strongest negative linear correlation between two variables?
r = 0.00
r = 0.85
r = -0.92
r = 0.45
According to the trichromatic theory, which combination of cone types allows humans to perceive the full spectrum of colors?
Red, yellow, and green cones
Yellow, blue, and black cones
Red, green, and blue cones
Blue, green, and black cones
Which of the following best explains why some individuals are unable to distinguish between certain colors, according to the trichromatic theory?
Malfunction of the lens
Damage to the optic nerve
Deficiency or absence of one type of cone
Overproduction of rods
Which of the following is the most common type of color blindness?
Monochromacy
Total color blindness
Blue-yellow color blindness
Red-green color blindness
Which statement about color blindness is true?
It only affects the ability to see blue colors
It affects more women than men
It is usually inherited genetically
It can be cured with medication
The brain stem/medulla is labeled as #...
1
2
3
In which scenario are pheromones most likely to play a significant role?
Birds migrating south for the winter
A cat responding to a loud noise
Bees communicating the location of food sources to other bees
A dog learning a new trick from its owner
Which of the following best describes the function of pheromones in animals?
They help in the digestion of food
They regulate blood sugar levels
They act as chemical signals to influence the behavior of other members of the same species
They transmit electrical impulses between neurons
