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Biology Fall Final Exam Review

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 2hrs 53mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is homeostasis?

a)

the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment, even when external conditions change

b)

A species of hominids

c)

The category in which we put biomolecules

d)

A mixture that is fully blended (with all biomolecules equal)

2.

Eukaryotic cells are:

a)

unicellular

b)

multicellular

c)

unicellular or multicellular

d)

colonial

3.

An organism has a cell membrane, a mitochondria, and many small vacuoles. It is a(n)

a)

Prokaryotic cell

b)

Animal cell

c)

Plant cell

d)

Virus

4.

Prokaryotic cells have all of the following parts EXCEPT:

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nuclear membrane

5.

cell division

a)

organelle

b)

mitosis

c)

stage

6.
Movement of particles from high to low concentration. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
7.
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
8.
Solutes move with the concentration gradient, therefore no energy is used. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
9.
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
10.
Solutes move against the concentration gradient, therefore energy is needed. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
11.
What is it called when molecules move across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a carrier protein?
a)
Diffusion
b)
Osmosis
c)
Active Transport
d)
Facilitated Diffusion
12.

This picture shows molecules of red dye that have moved. What is this type of movement called?

a)

Osmosis; the water molecules are moving from high concentration to low

b)

Diffusion; the dye molecules are moving from low to high concentration

c)

Diffusion; the dye molecules are moving from high to low concentration.

d)

Facilitated diffusion; because the molecules are moving through a protein channel.

13.

This a picture of an animal and plant cell placed in a solution. Describe the solution?

a)

Isotonic

b)

Hypotonic

c)

Hypertonic

14.

This a picture of an animal and plant cell placed in a solution. Describe the solution?

a)

Isotonic

b)

Hypotonic

c)

Hypertonic

15.
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Interphase
d)

S Phase

e)

Telophase

16.
During which part of the cell cycle does the cell divide?
a)
Interphase
b)

M Phase

c)
S phase
d)

Anaphase

e)

Prophase

17.
During which part of the cell cycle is DNA copied?
a)

G1

b)

S phase

c)

G2

d)

M Phase

e)

Mitosis

18.

Uncontrolled cell division which usually leads to tumors and disease is called:

a)

High cholesterol

b)

Blood clots

c)

Cancer

d)

Diabetes

19.

Cells of organisms must replicate for?

a)

Growth

b)

Replacement of dying cells

c)

Repair of damaged cells

d)

All of the above

20.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
21.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
22.
Name this structure
a)
double helix
b)
nucelotide
c)
twisted ladder
d)
hydrogen bond
23.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
24.
What is the complement to the DNA strand below:
5'-ATGCCAT-3'
a)
5'-TACGGTA-3'
b)
3'-TACGGTA-5'
c)
3'-ATGGCAT-5'
d)
5'-ATGGCAT-3'
25.
What is the significance of the sequence (order) of the Nitrogen Bases in DNA?
a)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines the number of chromosomes present in an organism.
b)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines the traits that an organism will possess (have).
c)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines the gender of an organism.
d)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines whether an organism is abiotic biotic.
26.
Which process is happening in this picture?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
27.
One difference between DNA and RNA is that RNA....
a)
is double stranded 
b)
contains the base Thymine
c)
contains the base Uracil 
d)
contained the base Guanine
28.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
29.

Transcribe the following DNA strand: CTG AAT

a)

GAC TTA

b)

CTG AAT

c)

GAC UUA

d)

CUG AAU

30.

Specialized cells such as muscle, blood, or nerve cells are caused by cell differentiation led by

a)

DNA

b)

nucleus

c)

ribosomes

d)

plasma membrane

31.

Cells differentiate to perform different functions because

a)

all genes are turned on inside that cell

b)

all genes are turned off inside that cell

c)

different genes are turned on inside that cell

d)

different genes are turned on or off inside that cell

32.

During the process of differentiation

a)

all sections of DNA are activated to determine the structure of a body cell

b)

ONLY ONE section of DNA are deactivated to determine the structure of a body cell

c)

only specific sections of DNA sequence are activated to determine the structure and functions of a body cell

33.
Is a virus considered living or non-living?
a)
Living
b)
Non-Living
c)
Neither
34.
What do viruses need to reproduce?
a)
they need genetic material
b)
They need a host cell
c)
They need  bacteria
d)
They need insulin
35.

The instruction of one allele covers up the instruction

of the other allele in a homologous pair. Symbolized by a capital letter.

a)

Recessive Allele

b)

Dominant Allele

c)

Heredity

d)

Trait

36.

A genotype where one dominant and one recessive allele was passed on from both parents for one trait.

Bb Aa Tt Ll

a)

Allele

b)

Homozygous Dominant

c)

Homozygous Recessive

d)

Heterozygous

37.

The observable traits dictated by the genotype

a)

Phenotype

b)

Genotype

c)

Homozygous Recessive

d)

Homozygous Dominant

38.
If you are homozygous dominant, the genotype would be 
a)
AA
b)
aa
c)
Aa
39.
In a flowering plant species, red flower color (R) is dominant over white flower color (r). What is the genotype of any red-flowering plant resulting from this species?
a)
rr
b)
R
c)
RR
d)
RR or Rr
40.
A heterozygous long-tusked elephant is crossed with a homozygous recessive short-tusked elephant. What is the probability of the offspring having short tusks?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
41.
Georgette wants to breed her pet phoenixes, but she isn't sure if the babies will burst into blue flames or red flames. Her documents show that her female phoenix is homozygous dominant for red flames, while her male phoenix is homozygous recessive for blue flames. What color flames will the babies have?
a)
Red
b)
Blue
c)
Purple
d)
50% Red, 50% Blue
42.

The instructions for making proteins are coded in the ______________ of a cell.

a)

cytoplasm

b)

endoplasmic reticulum

c)

DNA

d)

Nucleus

43.

Which of the definitions best describes proteins?

a)

provide the major energy source used by mitochondria

b)

make up cell membranes, store energy, and provide insulation

c)

carry hereditary information and instructions for building molecules

d)

provide structural support and act as enzymes to catalyze metabolic reactions

44.

Which of the definitions best describes lipids?

a)

provide the major energy source used by mitochondria

b)

make up cell membranes, store energy, and provide insulation

c)

carry hereditary information and instructions for building molecules

d)

provide structural support and act as enzymes to catalyze metabolic reactions

45.

Which of the definitions best describes nucleic acids?

a)

provide the major energy source used by mitochondria

b)

make up cell membranes, store energy, and provide insulation

c)

carry hereditary information and instructions for building molecules

d)

provide structural support and act as enzymes to catalyze metabolic reactions

46.

Which of the definitions best describes carbohydrates?

a)

provide the major energy source used by mitochondria

b)

make up cell membranes, store energy, and provide insulation

c)

carry hereditary information and instructions for building molecules

d)

provide structural support and act as enzymes to catalyze metabolic reactions

47.

What happens during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

a)

cell growth

b)

cell prepares for mitosis

c)

mitosis and cytokinesis

d)

DNA replication

48.

What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

a)

cell growth

b)

cell prepares for mitosis

c)

mitosis and cytokinesis

d)

DNA replication

49.

In genetics, what does the term "homozygous" refer to?

a)

Having two different alleles for a trait

b)

Having two identical alleles for a trait

c)

The study of genes and their roles in inheritance

d)

A type of genetic cross

50.

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

51.

During transcription, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for copying the DNA and brining it out of the nucleus.

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

dRNA

52.
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a)
base
b)
codon
c)
amine
d)
serine
53.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
54.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
55.

When gene expression occurs

a)

A gene is mutated with either an insertion or deletion

b)

The gene is removed from the genotype in that cell

c)

The gene is passed on to the daughter cells during mitosis

d)

The gene is activated and used in protein synthesis

56.

Which are external factors that can regulate gene expression?

a)

Operons

b)

Homeobox Genes

c)

Transcription Factors

d)

Temperature

57.

Genetic variation refers to:

a)

a) Differences in DNA sequences among individuals

b)

b) Environmental changes that affect gene expression

c)

c) Random mutations that occur during development

d)

d) None of the above

58.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
59.

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

a)

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

b)

They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

c)

They often delete things that organisms need.

d)

Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

60.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
61.

A frameshift mutation where a nucleotide base

is removed from the DNA sequence.

a)

Deletion Mutation

b)

Substitution Mutation

c)

Translocation

d)

Silent Mutation

62.

A nucleotide base is inserted or deleted shifting the entire DNA sequence. Entire protein will be changed.

a)

Substitution Mutation

b)

Silent Mutation

c)

Frameshift Mutation

d)

Translocation

63.

What do enzymes do?

a)

Build things up or break them down

b)

Help filter waste from the body

c)

Create environments where food can be eaten

d)

Add and remove water

64.

Which category of macromolecules do enzymes belong to?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Fats/Lipids

65.

In the diagram, what is letter A?

a)

product

b)

enzyme-substrate complex

c)

substrate

d)

active site

66.

Letter D...

a)

enzyme

b)

active site

c)

substrate

d)

products

67.

Letter B...

a)

substrate

b)

active site

c)

enzyme

d)

products

68.

Letter C...

a)

products

b)

substrate

c)

enzymes

d)

active site

69.

Letter E...

a)

active site

b)

products

c)

substrate

d)

enzyme

70.

An enzyme speeds up a reaction by

a)

raising the activation energy

b)

lowering the activation energy

c)

releasing energy

d)

absorbing energy.

71.

What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?

a)

Activation energy is lowered

b)

It becomes stronger

c)

It loses its shape

d)

Activation energy is raised

72.
Jim has type AB blood. His dad could be type O.
a)
True
b)
False
73.

In the image above, what is the percentage of the offspring has the possibility of inheriting blood type O?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

74.
What percentage of the female offspring will be a carrier for this recessive disease?
a)
0%
b)
50%
c)
100%
d)
25%
75.
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a female who is a carrier for hemophilia?
a)
XHXh
b)
XhXh
c)
XHXH
d)
XhY
76.
How many generations are shown in this pedigree?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
77.
Based on the graph, what temperature does this enzyme work best? 
a)
15 C
b)
40 C
c)
30 C
d)
47 C
78.
An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell but can only be used once.  True or False? 
a)
true
b)
false
79.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
80.
What makes an enzyme substrate specific?
a)
Size
b)
Shape
c)
Name
d)
Location it is found in

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