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Biology Fall Semester Exam Review

Total questions: 124

Worksheet time: 2hrs 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The most basic biotic level of organization would be...

a)

cell

b)

organism

c)

atom

d)

molecule

2.

Which of these is described as... "a cell without a nucleus"?

a)

eukaryote

b)

prokaryote

c)

autotrophic

d)

heterotrophic

3.

Which lists ALL organisms with eukaryotic cells?

a)

Archaebacteria, fungi, plant, animal, protists

b)

Fungi, plant, animal

c)

Fungi, eubacteria, plant, animal, protists

d)

Plants, animals, protists, fungi

4.

An organism made up of more than one cell would be called:

a)

multicellular

b)

unicellular

c)

heterotroph

d)

autotroph

5.

How can you tell this plant is a living thing?

a)

It doesn't move.

b)

It is made up of different parts.

c)

It responds to a change in its environment.

6.

Your body shivers when you are cold. This is because of the concept of...

a)

homeostasis

b)

heredity

c)

metabolism

7.

What is the most basic unit of life?

a)

cell

b)

tissue

c)

organ

8.

Which is the correct order for levels of organization from simple to complex?

a)

cell, organ, tissue, organ system, organism

b)

organism, organ system, tissue, cell, organism

c)

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

d)

organ, tissue, cell, organism, organ system

9.

This is an example of

a)

Cell

b)

Tissue

c)

Organ

d)

Organ System

10.

The smallest unit of a living thing

a)

Cell

b)

Tissue

c)

organ

d)

Organ system

e)

Organism

11.
Multiple organisms of the same species describes a
a)
organism
b)
population
c)
community
d)
ecosystem
12.
 A group of cells that have similar functions? Examples are nervous, epithelial, muscle and connective
a)
cells
b)
tissues
c)
organs
d)
atoms
13.
When carrying the microscope, what two parts must you always be holding it by?
a)
Arm and Stage
b)
Arm and Base
c)
Base and Stage
d)
Stage and Neck
14.
The entire circular area viewed when looking into the eyepiece of the microscope.
a)
Focus
b)
Objective
c)
Field of view
d)
Pointer
15.
The part of the microscope that the specimen slide rests on.
a)
Base
b)
Light source
c)
Stage
d)
Objective Lens
16.
The parts of the microscope with varying magnification, each attached to the nosepiece.
a)
Field of view
b)
Coarse adjustment knob
c)
Ocular lens
d)
Objective lens
17.

Which number on the diagram represents the cell membrane?

a)

11

b)

12

c)

5

d)

6

18.

Which number on the diagram represents the cytoplasm?

a)

14

b)

12

c)

5

d)

2

19.

Which 4 of the following apply to Prokaryotic cells?

a)

no organelles

b)

cytoplasm

c)

ER

d)

ribosomes

e)

bacteria

20.
Makes protein for the cell: 
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Cell Membrane
21.
The brain or "control center" of the cell. 
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Cell Membrane
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Nucleus
22.

Looked at living cells under a microscope he made

a)

Hooke

b)

Leeuwenhoek

c)

Virchow

d)

Schwann

23.

Proposed that all cells come from other cells

a)

Leeuwenhoek

b)

Schleiden

c)

Schwann

d)

Virchow

24.

Which statement is a part of the cell theory?

a)

all cells come from preexisting cells

b)

bacteria are prokaryotic cells

c)

eukaryotic cells are complex

d)

humans are multicellular

25.

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?

a)

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.

b)

All cells are produced from other cells.

c)

Only animal cells are composed of cells.

d)

All living things are composed of cells.

26.
Which of the following controls movement of materials in and out of a cell? 
a)
Cell wall
b)
Cell membrane
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Nucleus
27.

Prokaryotes are _______________ and include ______________.

a)

single cells, DNA but not a nucleus.

b)

multiple cells, a nucleus with DNA

28.

Eukaryotic cells can include ______________. *Select all that apply.

a)

protists

b)

plants

c)

animals

d)

fungi

29.

One main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that...

a)

only prokaryotic cells have cell walls

b)

only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

c)

only prokaryotic cells have ribosomes

d)

only eukaryotic cells have DNA

30.

Which sentence describes existing cells?

a)

All cells come from previously existing cells.

b)

All cells develop from the remains of other cells.

c)

All cells, once formed, continue to live forever.

d)

All the cells that are on Earth have always been here.

31.
Which statement regarding viruses is true?
a)
a virus can only reproduce inside of a living cell
b)
viruses do not contain DNA
c)
viruses are unicellular
d)
viruses are generally larger than cells
32.

The diagram illustrates the early stages of gene expression. What process and resulting molecule are shown?

a)

Process: transcription; product: mRNA

b)

Process: translation; product: protein

c)

Process: replication; product: DNA

d)

Process: splicing; product: introns

33.

When a virus incorporates its genetic material into the host cell's genome and remains dormant without causing immediate harm, what is this type of viral cycle called?

a)

Lysogenic cycle

b)

Lytic cycle

c)

Gram negative cycle

d)

Conjugation cycle

34.

Which phase of mitosis is represented by the image

a)
Metaphase
b)
Telophase
c)
Prophase
d)
Anaphase
35.

If a mutation changes the genetic code of a protein but retains its function and shows no other noticeable differences. This type of mutation is referred to as

a)

Missense Mutation

b)

Silent Mutation

c)

Nonsense Mutation

d)

Frameshift Mutation

36.

Which type of mutation results in a incomplete protein due to an early stop codon?

a)

Missense mutation

b)

Silent mutation

c)

Frameshift mutation

d)

Nonsense mutation

37.

Which viral life cycle kills its host cell by lysing (exploding)?

a)

lytic

b)

mitosis

c)

lysogenic

d)

S phase

38.

During what phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur?

a)

Interphase

b)

M phase

c)

S phase

d)

G2 phase

39.

Time in Cell Cycle, where the cell grows, takes in nutrients, and duplicates chromosomes.

a)

Mitosis

b)

Interphase

c)

Meiosis

d)

Metaphase

40.

Which statement best describes why a cell spends the majority of its time in interphase?

a)

The cell is growing and carrying out processes such as metabolism and DNA replication.

b)

The cell is aging and processes are stopping as lysosomes clear dead cell matter away.

c)

The cell needs time to synthesize spindle fibers to complete mitosis.

d)

The cell needs time to complete cytokinesis.

41.
What helps prevent viral diseases?
a)
Vaccines
b)
Antibiotics
c)
Herbal tea
d)
Gene Therapy
42.

Viruses are made of a capsid, nucleic material and are _____

a)

prokaryotic

b)

eukaryotic

c)

non-living

d)

endospores

43.
Which of the following is something bacteria and viruses have in common?
a)
they are both living
b)
they are both cells
c)
they can both cause disease
d)
they are both non-living
44.
What do viruses need to reproduce?
a)
they need genetic material
b)
They need a host cell
c)
They need  bacteria
d)
They need insulin
45.
When a virus invades a living cell, its _______
takes over the cell's functions.
a)
outer coat
b)
genetic material
c)
core
d)
cytoplasm
46.

A virus is considered non-living because...

a)

They do not have DNA

b)

It does not have all the characteristics of life

c)

They can't evolve

d)

They make you sick

47.

The cell membrane is made up of a _____ bilayer.

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

protein

d)

water

48.

The cell membrane could best be described as a

a)

Skin that provides a barrier between the interior and exterior of the cell.

b)

Sieve that lets fluids passively flow back and forth between the interior and exterior of the cell.

c)

An active and responsive part of the cell that controls what does or doesn't enter and leave the cell.

d)

A thin but strong physical wrapper that protects the cell despite its obvious fragility.

49.
___________ allow cells to recognize each other and act like ID tags. 
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
50.
What do the brown structures represent?
a)
Phospholipids
b)
Glycoproteins
c)
Channel Proteins 
d)
Cyctoskeleton Filaments
51.

What is the process by which particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

a)

Active Transport

b)

Osmosis

c)

Diffusion

d)

Endocytosis

52.

Which type of transport requires cellular energy?

a)

Passive Transport

b)

Facilitated Diffusion

c)

Osmosis

d)

Active Transport

53.

What is the term for the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas?

a)

Concentration Gradient

b)

Equilibrium

c)

Solute Concentration

d)

Fluid Mosaic Model

54.

What is the term for the movement of molecules across the cell membrane without using cellular energy?

a)

Active Transport

b)

Endocytosis

c)

Exocytosis

d)

Passive Transport

55.

What type of transport uses a transport protein?

a)

Osmosis

b)

Facilitated diffusion

56.

What type of cell is pictured?

a)

prokaryotic

b)

eukaryotic

57.

What types of cells are pictured?

a)

prokaryotes

b)

eukaryotes

58.
What type of transport is this?
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Exocytosis
c)
Diffusion
d)
Sodium-Potassium Pump
59.
What type of transport is this?
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Diffusion
c)
Exocytosis
d)
Osmosis
60.

The sodium and potassium pump uses __________________ to move particles across/through the cell membrane.

a)

Vesicles

b)

Nothing (no help)

c)

Membrane Proteins

d)

None of the above

61.
The element _______is found in all of the organic compounds.
a)
Iron
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Carbon
d)
Oxygen
62.
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in your body?
a)
Speed up chemical reactions.
b)
Give immediate energy.
c)
Help to store energy.
d)
Build cell walls in plants.
63.

Sugar belongs to which class of macromolecules?

a)

proteins

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

carbohydrates

64.

The 4 main groups of macromolecules are LIPIDS. PROTEIN, CARBOHYDRATES, AND AMINO ACIDS.

a)

True

b)

False

65.

Fats, oils, and cholesterol are all examples of which macromolecule?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Lipids

d)

Nucleic Acids

66.

The specific reactants that enzymes act on are called SUBSTRATES.

a)

True

b)

False

67.

Most enzymes -

a)

have no effect on the rate of the chemical reaction

b)

speed up the chemical reaction

c)

slow the rate of the chemical reaction

d)

keep the rate of the chemical reaction the same

68.

What suffix is used in the names of most enzymes?

a)

-nic

b)

-ase

c)

-gen

d)

-yme

69.

Both lipids and carbohydrates are important in animal cells because both -

a)

provide insulation

b)

store energy

c)

contain nitrogen

d)

form cell walls

70.

Which of the following pairs are inaccurate?

a)

amino acids - proteins

b)

DNA - nucleic acids

c)

lipids - enzymes

d)

carbohydrates - energy

71.

Enzymes only work with specific substrates because each substrate -

a)

actively interferes with other substrates around it

b)

destroys its specific enzyme

c)

can only use a specific ionic bond with the enzyme

d)

has a specific activation site for enzyme attachment

72.

Which of the following effect the efficiency of an enzyme

a)

temperature

b)

pH

c)

amount of enzyme

d)

All of the above

73.

According to the graph, addition of the enzyme amylase causes the reaction to -

a)

slow down

b)

speed up

c)

take in heat

d)

give off heat

74.

What two factors can denature enzymes?

a)

pH & temperature

b)

temperature & concentration

c)

temperature & amount of substrate

d)

temperature & malleability

75.

The shape of DNA is referred to as a _____.

a)

double helix

b)

circle

c)

Y shaped

d)

X shaped

76.

DNA is which type of macromolecule?

a)

nucleic acid

b)

protein

c)

starch

d)

carbohydrate

77.

DNA is a long, double stranded molecule composed to repeating smaller units called?

a)

nucleotides

b)

sugars

c)

phosphates

78.

____ - is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself before the cell divides

a)

DNA replication

b)

DNA division

c)

DNA forks

79.

What nucleotide sequence of bases will correctly pair with the following strand of DNA?


TAGCTA

a)

ATCGAT

b)

CGATCG

c)

ATCGTA

80.

DNA is composed of nucleotides and is shaped like a double helix, with strands running ____.

a)

Parallel

b)

Anti-Parallel

81.

3 things that DNA does with genetic information

a)

stores

b)

copies

c)

transmits

d)

locates

82.

Tw two strands of DNA are connected to each other by what type of bond?

a)

hydrogen

b)

oxygen

c)

nitrogen

d)

single

83.

The sides or "backbone" of DNA is composed of alternating ___ and ___ which the steps or rungs of the ladder are composed of complimentary base pairs.

a)

sugar

b)

phosphate groups

c)

nitrogenous bases

84.

DNA replication takes place during the ___ stage of the cell cycle.

a)

G1

b)

Synthesis

c)

G2

d)

Cell division

85.

​ If the mRNA strand read "GAU, CAC, AAG"; what would the amino acid sequence be?​ ​

a)

Aspartic Acid, Histidine, Lysine

b)

Proline, Serine, Tyrosine

c)

Aspartic Acid, Histidine, Valine

d)

Aspartic Acid, Serine, Lysine

86.

What is the complementary mRNA sequence for a DNA sequence of TAG, CAT, AAT?

a)

UGA UGU GCU

b)

AUG UGU GCU

c)

AUG UCU CCU

d)

AUC GUA UUA

e)

AUC CUA AAU

87.

The difference(s) between DNA and RNA are?

a)

DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded.

b)

DNA has deoxyribose and RNA has ribose sugar.

c)

RNA can leave the nucleus and DNA cannot leave the nucleus.

d)

RNA has uracil and DNA has thymine.

e)

All of the above.

88.

Proteins are produced by specific genes

a)

True

b)

False

89.

What is the end product of translation?

a)

mRNA that can leave the nucleus

b)

Amino acid chain

c)

monosaccharide chain

d)

Anticodon

90.

What is an anticodon?

a)

rRNA

b)

an amino acid

c)

Three nucleotide sequence found on mRNA

d)

Three nucleotide sequence found on tRNA

91.
The process where mRNA is read and made into an amino acid chain.
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Transportation
d)
Transient
92.

I only stay in the nucleus and cannot leave.

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Both

93.

I contain the instructions for making thousands of different proteins.

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Both

94.

I contain the instructions for making just one protein.

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Both

95.

What type of RNA is shown?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

96.

What type of RNA is shown?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

97.

What type of RNA is shown?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

98.

What type of substitution mutation has no effect

on amino acids sequence

a)

Insertion Mutation

b)

Translocation

c)

Silent Mutation

d)

Deletion Mutation

99.

Mutations can be...

a)

Harmful

b)

Beneficial

c)

Neutral

d)

All of the Above

100.

A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein

a)

Sister Chromatid

b)

Chromosome

c)

Gene

d)

Chromatin

101.

DNA that is loose and wrapped around proteins.

a)

Chromosome

b)

Chromatin

c)

Sister Chromatids

d)

Homologous Chromosomes

102.

Tightly packed DNA.

a)

Chromatin

b)

Gene

c)

Chromosome

d)

Sister Chromatids

103.

A type of protein that provides structural support for chromatin to form into a chromosome.

a)

Centromere

b)

Helicase

c)

Polymerase

d)

Histone

104.

Identify the structure

a)

Gene

b)

Sister Chromatids

c)

Centromere

d)

Homologous chromosomes

105.

Identify the structure

a)

Gene

b)

Sister Chromatids

c)

Centromere

d)

Homologous chromosomes

106.
The drawing shows the structure of what molecule?
a)
A DNA molecule
b)
A lipid molecule
c)
A carbohydrate molecule
d)
A protein molecule
107.

There is a segment of DNA that codes for every trait that a person has.

These segments of DNA are found on chromosomes and are called ________.

a)

Deoxyribonucleic acid

b)

Genes

c)

Heredity

d)

Recessive Traits

108.
What is the relationship between DNA and chromosomes?
a)
Chromosomes are made of DNA
b)
DNA is made of chromosomes
c)
DNA and chromosomes are the same thing.
d)
All of the above are correct
109.
Why are your chromosomes arranged in pairs?
a)
Scientists have no idea
b)
Because you get one from your mom and one from your dad
c)
Because pairs can divide easier
d)
Because DNA is awesome
110.

Which organelle(part of the cell) is DNA usually found in?

a)

cell membrane

b)

vacuole

c)

chloroplast

d)

nucleus

111.
Which of these lists presents the stages of the cell cycle in the correct order?
a)
interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
b)
cytokinesis, mitosis, interphase
c)
mitosis, interphase, cytokinesis
d)
interphase, cytokinesis, mitosis
112.

What is the image above:

a)

Chromosome

b)

Chromotid

c)

Centromere

d)

Centriole

113.
Identify the stage of mitosis. 
a)
interphase
b)
prophase
c)
anaphase
d)
cytokinesis
114.

What stage of mitosis is depicted here

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

115.

Nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle fibers form and DNA is in chromatin form describes which phase of Mitosis?

a)

Prophase

b)

Anaphase

c)

Metaphase

d)

Telophase

116.

Centrioles pull the chromosomes apart towards the opposite sides of the cell describes:

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Telophase

d)

Anaphase

117.

In which phase does a cell spend most of its life?

a)

Interphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Metaphase

d)

Anaphase

e)

Telophase

118.

The splitting of the cytoplasm and cell membranes is called?

a)

Interphase

b)

Telophase

c)

Centromere

d)

Cytokinesis

119.

What is this phase of Mitosis?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

120.

What is the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells?

a)

cell replication

b)

cell division

c)

cell fusion

d)

cell differentiation

121.

What is the purpose of cell division in multicellular organisms?

a)

To maintain homeostasis in the body.

b)

To regulate the body's temperature.

c)

To store excess nutrients in the cells.

d)

To allow for growth, repair, and the production of new cells.

122.
During which part of the cell cycle is DNA copied?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
S phase
123.
During which parts of the cell cycle does the cell grow?
a)
G1 and G2
b)
G1 and S
c)
M phase and cytokinesis
124.

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell divide the chromosomes and the nucleus?

a)

M Phase

b)
Interphase
c)

G1 phase

d)

S phase

e)

G2 phase

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