The hard outer shell of mollusks is made by the

Carbon dioxide is excreted from mollusks via the gills

The class of mollusks that generally contains sessile filter feeders is the

The excretory system of annelids consists of tubular nephridia.

An advantage of segmentation in annelids is that

Which of the following organisms is not in the phylum Echinodermata?

Larval echinoderms have

Adult echinoderms have bilateral symmetry.

An open circulatory system with a heart best describes the circulatory system of

Echinoderm reproduction typically is

The order of the life cycle of echinoderms is best represented by which sequence?

Chordates have a coelom and complete digestive system

Which statements of the traits of fish is correct?

A swim bladder allows for fish to store food until it is digested.

Spawning

The characteristic feature of cartilaginous fish is their powerful jaws with multiple rows of sharp, saw-like teeth

Today, the majority of living fish species belong to the lobe-finned fish

The order of fish evolution is:

Amphibians divide their time between freshwater and

Amphibians are ectothermic. This means they use their metabolism to warm their body.

Amphibians breathe with gills as larvae with lungs as adults

A major difference between frogs and toads is that

Which is the best statement concerning amphibian evolution?

Which is the best statement concerning the amphibian niche?

Reptile skin allows the exchange of gasses, as in amphibians

The amniotic egg

Which reptiles have strong jaws and a powerful bite? (1) Crocodilia, (2) Testudines, (3) Squamata, (4)Sphenodontia.

Which statement is true of synapsids and sauropsids? (1) Sauropsids were amniotes that evolved into reptiles,dinosaurs, and birds. (2) Synapsids were amniotes that evolved into mammals. (3) The two groups of amniotesdiffered in their skulls.

The order of reptile evolution is lizards ---> turtles ----> crocodiles ---> snakes

Today, reptiles can be found on every continent except

Evidence supports the idea that plants evolved most directly from

Th earliest plants lived on land.

In vascular plants, phloem transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

In vascular plants xylem transports sugars from photosynthetic tissues to the rest of the plant.

Pollen contains the male gametophyte

Which of the following is NOT an example of a nonvascular plant is a

Most bryophytes are

An adaptation of gymnosperms to reduce water loss is they remain extremely small.

All plants have a life cycle that alternates between

Instead of roots, the earliest plants had rhizoids.

Structures found in plant cells, but not animal cells, include

The organelle that makes and stores pigments other than chlorophyll is the chromoplast.

The type of plant cell with an elongated shape and irregularly thickened cell walls is a __________ cell.

The type of plant cell with thin cell walls, a cube shape, that may contain chloroplasts is

A plant’s cuticle helps protect a plant against infections and toxin damage, and helps prevent excessive water loss.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a plant meristem?

Bark is a dead portion of the plant stem that provides protection, strength and support is the

The secondary meristem is responsible for __________ in the plant

The main function of stomata is to regulate exchange of gases with the air and control transpiration.

Which type of plant tissue consists of undifferentiated cells?

Functions of plant roots include absorbing water, anchoring the plant, and storing food.

Are viruses considered living? Why?

Water and wastes flow out of sponges primarily through the spicules.

Most flatworms reproduce by sexual reproduction, often with the same individual producing both male and female gametes

The collar cells of sponges trap and digest food.

The nematocyst

Which of the following is true about corals

Flatworms take in oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide via

The animal group characterized by having muscles, cephalization, bilateral symmetry, three embryonic cell layers, and no coelom is the flatworms.

A common roundworm parasite in humans in the United States pinworms

How do bacteria exchange DNA?

A bacterium lives on its host but does not take any nutrients from the host. It does not harm the host, but it gets shelter from living on the host. This is an example of which of the following?

Heterotrophic, Phototrophic, and Chemotrophic are all ways in which prokaryotes can obtain nutrients

Archaea do not have ____________ in their cell walls, so gram staining is of limited use in identifying them.

In prokaryotes, endospores enclose and protect the DNA.

Benefits of bacteria to humans include which of the following? (1) killing plant pests, (2) cleaning up oil spills, (3) making certain drugs.

Reproduction in prokaryotes is called binary fission, occurs when a parent cell splits into two genetically DIFFERENT daughter cells, and is a type of sexual reproduction.

Which is the most diverse and abundant group of organisms on Earth?

The statement "Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus." is the best way to describe prokaryotes.

A virus particle consists of DNA or RNA within a protective coat called an envelope.

Which is not a characteristic used to classify viruses

What is a bacteriophage?

Lytic cycle without lysis include budding and exocytosis.

A ______________ is a disease outbreak during a specific time within a population of people.

Which of the following CANNOT be used in preventing and treating viral diseases?

The material in a vaccine can be weakened forms of the living pathogen or virus, dead pathogens, purified material such as viral proteins.

In gene therapy, the correct version of the gene is introduced into human cells by using a bacterial vector.

All of the following evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory except:

Protists are best defined as multicellular fungi.

Protists can use which of the following appendages for motility?

Algae are considered plant-like because they have chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis.

Fungus-like protists are

Hyphae are the thread-like filaments of fungi

Chitin is found in

Fungi are decomposers that can break down cellulos and lignin ,which are indigestible by almost all other organisms.

________ are a mutualistic relationship between a plant and a fungus.

An antibiotic produced by a fungus is ASPRIN.

Which of the following is NOT an example of human diseases caused by fungi?

Some fungi protect themselves by

Which statement is true about protists?

Protozoa are plant-like, fungi-like and bird-like.

What makes fungi unique is they have cell walls made of chitin.

What are two of the most important eukaryotic features that evolved in protists?

Which habitat is least likely to harbor any species of Protista?

A protist that lacks contractile vacuoles, cannot locomote, and is parasitic can be classified as a(n)

Light is the factor that the differences in algae color be attributed?

Which of the following is not a likely consequence of an algal bloom?

Red tides can be fatal to humans if they eat squid.

Which of the following protists is parasitic?

The pores in the septa of fungal mycelia function as

Which of the following is an example of sexual reproduction?

In which group of mammals are the young born live and then they immediately move to the mother's pouch to continue development

Therian mammals are divided into two groups the placental mammals and the marsupials.

Which statement best describes the placenta?

Monotremes are mammals that reproduce by laying eggs, include the platypus and the echidna, and they lack a uterus and vagina.

Two characteristics are used to DEFINE the mammal class. These are mammary glands and skin with sweat glands.

Mammals lose excess heat by

The lungs and hearts of mammals keep plenty of oxygen available to all the cells of the body.

Which structure has likely been damaged if the developing fetus is unable to obtain adequate nutrients and oxygen from its mother?

The main purpose of sweat glands is to regulate water balance.

Which of these is a primary function of hair?

Which of these is a unique feature of ALL mammals?

Mammals that are RUMINANT herbivores would have what type of digestive tract?

The mammalian cerebellum is responsible for controlling higher reasoning.

This habit birds practice involves rubbing their feathers with oil using their beaks.

The 2 uses of bird feathers include flight and warmth.

What single characteristic is specific to only Aves?

Which of the following organs is NOT present in birds

Which statement best describes the relationship between the crop and the gizzard?

Birds and reptiles both have amniotic eggs. The eggs of birds have a leather-like shell and the eggs of reptiles have a hard shell.

Pet owners should never give their dog chicken bones, because they are hollow and can splinter and choke the dogs.

Bird organ systems adapted for flight include

Ectothermic reptiles do not require energy to generate heat is the best explanation for why a lizard eats less than a similar-sized bird.

Wings in birds