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WorksheetsUnit A: Dynamic Earthh
Total questions: 78
Worksheet time: 3hrs 28mins
The hot, molten, plastic layer of the Earth made up of magma.
地球内部由岩浆组成的炽热、呈塑性状态的层。
Inner core 内核
Mantle 地幔
Crust 地壳
Outer core 外核
The hot, liquid layer of the Earth composed of iron and nickel. 地球的液态层由铁和镍组成。
Inner core 内核
Mantle 地幔
Crust
Outer core 外核
The Earth's dense and solid center, composed of iron and nickel.
Inner core
Mantle
Crust
Outer core
When two tectonic plates collide, one plate slides down, enters the mantle and gets destroyed 当两块构造板块碰撞时，其中一块板块会向下俯冲，进入地幔并最终被销毁。
Subduction 俯冲带
Erosion 侵蚀
Radioactive decay 放射性衰变
Convection 对流
Which of the following are requirements for something to be considered a mineral? Please select all correct options: 以下哪些是某种物质被视为矿物所必须满足的条件？请选择所有正确选项：
Must be a solid 必须是坚实的
Must be organic 必须是有机的
crystalline atomic structure 晶体原子结构
Must have cleavage 必须具有解理
Must be metallic 必须是金属的
What type of rock is formed when existing rocks are subjected to high temperatures and pressure? 当现有岩石受到高温高压作用时，会形成哪种类型的岩石？
Igneous rock 火成岩
Sedimentary rock 火成岩
Metamorphic rock 变质岩
Rocks formed by the cementation of smaller rock fragments together. 由较小的岩石碎片胶结在一起形成的岩石。
Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks 沉积岩
Metamorphic rocks 变质岩
This type of rock is...
metamorphic
sedimentary
igneous
Which type of rock is formed deep within the Earth under high temperature and pressure? 哪种类型的岩石是在地球深处高温高压条件下形成的？
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock
Which type of rock is formed from lava that cools on or near the Earth's surface? 哪种类型的岩石是由在地表或地表附近冷却的熔岩形成的？
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock
Through which geological process are rocks formed, destroyed, or changed? 岩石是通过哪些地质过程形成、破坏或改变的？
Continental drift 大陆漂移
Nuclear fusion 核聚变
Water cycle 水循环
Rock cycle 岩石循环
Which of the following best describes the rock cycle? 以下哪项最能描述岩石循环？
New rocks are formed from old rocks from natural processes on Earth including plate tectonics 新的岩石是由地球上的自然过程（包括板块构造运动）将旧岩石转化而形成的。
Moon rocks become Earth rocks. 月球岩石变成了地球岩石。
Oceanic crust transforms into continental crust 大洋地壳转化为大陆地壳
Rock layers are broken by faults. 岩层被断层分割开来。
Which processes turn magma into igneous rock? 哪些过程能将岩浆转化为火成岩？
Weathering and erosion 风化和侵蚀
Heat and pressure 热和压力
Compaction and cementation 压实和胶结
Melting, cooling and crystallization 熔化、冷却和结晶
Which of the following statements about rocks is correct? 以下关于岩石的说法中，哪一项是正确的？
Rocks are made from magma only 岩石并非全部由岩浆形成。
Rocks are composed of one or more minerals. 岩石由一种或多种矿物组成。
Rocks aren't useful for humans 岩石对人类没有用处。
Minerals are made up of one or more rocks. 矿物质由一种或多种岩石组成。
What type of rock is this?
Igneous rock
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
What type of rock is this?
Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock
Sedimentary rock
Rocks formed by compaction and cementation are
Metamorphic rocks
Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Which type of crust has a greater density?
Oceanic crust
Continental crust
Both are the same
Pizza crust
What is formed at the boundary where two continental plates converge?
Volcano
Rift valley
Mountain range
Deep-sea trench
What is formed at transform plate boundaries?
Volcanic island arc
Mountain range
Fault line
Trench
Please name this boundary.
Convergent boundary
Divergent boundary
Transform boundary
Sergeant boundary
What is shown in the picture?
Seafloor spreading
Pangaea (the supercontinent)
The current arrangement of continents
Volcano
On which type of plate boundary was the Himalaya mountain range formed?
Convergent boundary
Divergent boundary
Transform boundary
On Earth, a subduction zone refers to where the denser oceanic crust sinks beneath the lighter continental crust. Features of these boundaries include deep ocean trenches adjacent to tall continental mountain ranges, frequent earthquakes, and volcanic activity. All of these are further evidence for which of the following theories?
The Big Bang Theory.
Plate Tectonics Theory.
Origin of Species.
Natural Selection Theory.
What causes the movement of plate tectonics? 是什么导致了板块构造运动？
The Earth's rotation. 地球的自转。
Convection currents in the asthenosphere. 软流圈中的对流。
The gravitational pull of the iron-nickel core. 铁镍核心的引力作用。
The Mohorovičić discontinuity. 莫霍洛维奇不连续面。
Which type of plate boundary is shown here? 图中显示的是哪种类型的板块边界？
Divergent
Convergent
Transform
Subduction
What is density? 什么是密度？
The amount of space occupied by an object 物体所占空间的大小
The amount of matter per unit space 单位空间内的物质的量
The amount of matter in an object 物体中所含物质的量
how heavy something is
Why can hot air balloons rise into the sky? 为什么热气球能够升上天空？
The density of hot air is lower than that of the atmosphere, so it rises. 热空气的密度低于周围大气，因此它会上升。
The density of hot air is higher than that of the atmosphere, so it rises. 热空气的密度低于大气密度，因此它会上升。
The density of hot air is the same as that of the atmosphere, so it rises.
Why does oil float on water during an oil spill? 为什么石油泄漏时，石油会漂浮在水面上？
The density of oil is the same as water 石油的密度与水的密度相同。
The density of oil is less than water 油的密度小于水的密度。
The density of oil is greater than water 油的密度大于水的密度。
Earth's outer core is... 地球外核是……
Solid, because S waves can pass through it 固体，因为横波可以穿过它。
Liquid, because S waves can pass through it 液体，因为S波可以穿过它。
Liquid, because S waves cannot pass through it 液体，因为横波无法穿透它。
Solid, because P waves can pass through it 固体，因为P波可以穿过它。
Where is the youngest part of the ocean floor? 海洋地壳最年轻的部分在哪里？
A
B
C
D
Which type of tectonic movement of the Earth's crust is most likely to have led to the formation of the East African Rift Valley? 哪种类型的地壳构造运动最有可能导致东非大裂谷的形成？
Convergence of continental crust
Convergence of oceanic crust
Divergence of continental crust
Divergence of oceanic crust
Where do most basalts that form island arcs come from? 形成岛弧的大多数玄武岩来自哪里？
Asthenosphere
Core
Rigid mantle
Rigid mantle
A seismic station recorded the P wave, but not the S wave, because the S wave 地震台站记录到了P波，但没有记录到S波，因为S波
was absorbed by the Earth's outer core 被地球外核吸收了
travels only through liquids 只能在液体中传播
was not generated by this earthquake 并非由此次地震引起
was absorbed by Earth's volcanoes 被地球上的火山吸收了
Which map best represents the pattern of magnetic polarity in the minerals of ocean-floor bedrock on each side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge? 哪一張地圖最能表示在大西洋中脊兩側的海底基岩礦物質中的磁極模式？
Which type of plate boundary is best represented by this diagram? 这张图最能代表哪种类型的板块边界？
Convergent plate boundary
Divergent plate boundary
Transform plate boundary
Unknown
The model of the Earth's internal structure is shown below.
Analysis of which type of data led to the construction of this model? 地球内部结构模型如下图所示。
分析哪种类型的数据促成了这个模型的构建？
Seismic waves
Earth's ocean depth
Electromagnetic radiation
Isobaric gradient
Which cross section shows the correct convection cells (represented by arrows) that could be found underneath the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
哪一個顯示在大西洋中脊以下可以找到正確的對流單元？
In which layer of the Earth does convection occur? 地球的哪一层会发生对流现象？
Crust
Asthenosphere
Inner core
Outer core
Which world map shows the locations where most earthquakes and volcanoes occur on Earth? 哪個世界地圖顯示地球上大部分地震和火山發生的地點？
What causes the separation of the different layers of the Earth?
Differences in density and gravity
Nuclear fusion in stars
Radioactive decay in fossils
Ocean currents and climate change
The arrows in the diagram below show the movement of air in coastal areas during the day.
Which process mainly transfers heat through the movement of air? 下图中的箭头显示了白天沿海地区空气的流动方向。
哪种过程主要通过空气的运动来传递热量？
Conduction
Radiation
Convection
Transpiration
In which group are the rocks correctly labeled according to their rock types? 以下哪一组岩石的分类标签是正确的？
1
2
3
4
Which rock could be classified as a metamorphic rock? 哪種岩石可歸類為變質岩？
Which igneous rock has a coarse texture, formed intrusively from cooled magma? 哪個火成岩質地粗糙，是由冷卻的岩漿侵入而形成的？
Which rock could be classified as an igneous rock? 哪種岩石可歸類為火成岩？
Which metamorphic rock below experienced the most heat and pressure? 下面哪個變質岩經歷了最大的熱量和壓力？
Which igneous rock cooled the slowest, from magma? 哪個火成岩從地下岩漿中冷卻得最慢？
Which of the following statements is NOT evidence supporting the existence of Pangaea?
The density of continental crust is the same everywhere
Animals are not strong swimmers, so they could not have swum across continents
The edges of continents fit together like puzzle pieces
Identical fossils have been found on distant continents
This map shows the locations of earthquakes and volcanoes. Earthquakes and volcanoes usually occur at...
the middle of tectonic plates
the edges of tectonic plates
only near the Pacific Plate
near the edges of continents
Seafloor spreading occurs due to the appearance of ......
Convergent plate boundaries
Divergent plate boundaries
Transform plate boundaries
Complex or unknown plate boundaries
Describe the relationship between age and distance from the mid-ocean ridge.
As distance increases, age increases.
As distance increases, age decreases.
As distance increases, age remains unchanged.
As distance decreases, age remains unchanged.
The stripes on both sides of the mid-ocean ridge represent magnetic polarity. The pattern of magnetic polarity is...
Symmetrical on both sides
Different on the west and east sides
The west side takes longer
The east side takes longer
Which of the following is NOT a geological feature formed by convergent plate boundaries? 以下哪项不是由板块汇聚边界形成的地理特征？
Trench 沟
Rift valley 东非大裂谷
Volcanic arc/Mountain range 火山弧/山脉
Subduction zone 俯冲带
Which seismic wave travels faster, and would arrive first in an earthquake? (has a shorter travel time) 哪种地震波传播速度更快，地震时最先到达？（传播时间更短）
P wave
S wave
What features are NOT formed from divergent plate boundaries? 哪些特征不是由分离板块边界形成的？
rift valley 裂谷
new oceanic crust 新洋壳
oceans 海洋
mountains 山脉
Why does the oceanic crust subduct (go down) at a convergent plate boundary? 为什么洋壳会在汇聚板块边界处俯冲（下降）？
Oceanic crust has a higher density 海洋地壳密度较高
Continental crust has a higher density 大陆地壳密度较高
Both oceanic and continental crust have the same density 海洋地壳和大陆地壳具有相同的密度
P-waves can be transmitted through... P 波可以传播通过...
solids 固体 and liquids 液体
solids 固体 only
liquids 液体 only
neither solids or liquids 两者都不
Based on the diagram, which statement is NOT true about S-waves? 根据图表，关于 S 波的哪句话是不正确的？
S-waves can only be transmitted through solids S 波只能通过固体传播
S-waves cannot be transmitted through the outer core because it is liquid 由于外核是液体，因此 S 波无法穿过外核
S-waves are absorbed by the outer core because it is liquid 由于外核是液体，所以 S 波会被外核吸收
S-waves can be transmitted through the outer core because it is liquid 由于外核是液体，因此 S 波可以穿过外核传播
Which statement accurately describes the difference between P and S waves? 哪个陈述准确描述了 P 波和 S 波之间的区别？
P-waves can be transmitted through liquids and solids, but S-waves cannot be transmitted through liquids P 波可以穿过液体和固体，但 S 波不能穿过液体
S-waves can be transmitted through liquids and solids, but P-waves cannot be transmitted through liquids S 波可以穿过液体和固体，但 P 波不能穿过液体
P-waves and S-waves can be only be transmitted through solids P 波和 S 波只能通过固体传播
Explain why Point A did not receive S-waves from the earthquake epicenter. 解释为什么 A 点没有接收到来自地震震中的 S 波。
S-waves cannot travel through the liquid outer core (they are absorbed), so they did not reach Point A S 波无法穿过液体外核（它们被吸收），因此无法到达点 A
S-waves cannot travel further than 3000 km S波传播距离不能超过3000公里
S-waves are not always created from earthquakes S 波并不总是由地震产生
Seafloor spreading creates... 海底扩张造成...
new oceanic crust and larger oceans 新的海洋地壳和更大的海洋
mountains 山脉
volcanoes 火山
subduction zones 俯冲带
Which diagram correctly shows the convection currents underneath the lithosphere at a divergent plate boundary? 哪个图表正确显示了发散板块边界处岩石圈下方的对流？
Which diagram shows a convergent plate boundary? 哪个图表显示了汇聚板块边界？
A
B
C
None
Which layer of the Earth is the MOST dense? 地球哪一层密度最高？
inner core
outer core
crust
lower mantle
Which liquid is the most dense? 哪种液体密度最大？
syrup
water
oil
What is the density of the stiffer mantle? 较硬的地幔的密度是多少？
3.4 - 5.6 g/cm3
9.9 - 12.2 g/cm3
2.7 g/cm3
Which correctly lists the layers of the Earth that are SOLID? 哪個正確地列出了固體的地球層？
asthenosphere and outer core 軟流圈和外核
crust, stiffer mantle, inner core 地殼，地幔，內核
outer core 外核
asthenosphere 軟流圈
Which rock layer shows the greatest resistance to weathering and erosion? 哪一個岩層顯示出對風化和侵蝕的最大抵抗力？
A
B
C
D
The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.
Weathering
Erosion
Deposition
Exfoliation
The process by which rock and soil are moved from one place to another is called-
Chemical weatherin
Erosion
Mechanical weathering
Deosition
The image above depicts the effects of chemical weathering breaking down limestone. Which type of chemical weathering causes this reaction?
Acid rain
Oxidation
Exfoliation
Abrasion
Over millions of years, the shape of mountains on Earth's surface can change to low hills and then rolling plains. These changes are most likely caused by-
Folding and faulting
Volcanoes and Earthquakes
Human activity
Weathering and Erosion
Which one of the examples below is physical weathering?
lichens growing on rock
acid rain wearing away limestone
oxidation (rusting) of a flag pole
frost wedging splitting a rock apart
Which of these terms describes the process of acid rain wearing out limestone?
deposition
chemical weathering
physical weathering
erosion
Suppose two people have the same kind of iron framed bicycle. One person stores their bike in the shed while the other person leaves their bike out in the rain. The bike in the rain RUSTS. What type of weathering will occur to the bike left out in the rain?
Physical Weathering
Chemical Weathering
