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Mid term review 2025

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 1hrs 11mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The power of the human mind to think and understand in a logical way

a)

reason

b)

philosophies

c)

natural rights

d)

contract

2.

A right, such as life and liberty, that a person is born wth

a)

divine right

b)

philosophes

c)

natural rights

d)

contract

3.

An agreement between rulers and the people to cooperate for mutual social benefits in pursuit of a better society

a)

divine right

b)

free enterprise

c)

laissez-faire

d)

social contract

4.

Separation of Powers

a)

Separating the ruler from the military.

b)

Dividing powers equally among organizations

c)

Dividing powers equally among three people

d)

Dividing powers equally among three branches of government.

5.

A person(s) who had unlimited authority and almost no legal limit.

a)

A Monk

b)

Absolute Monarch

c)

A Philosophe

d)

A Salon Manager

6.

Enlightenment thinker who believed in the natural rights of "Life, Liberty, and the right to Property".

a)

Montesquieu

b)

John Locke

c)

Rousseau

7.

Enlightenment thinker who was a pioneer for women's rights and education.

a)

Mary Wollstonecraft

b)

Voltaire

c)

Thomas Hobbes

8.

fought for freedom of speech and opposed religious intolerance and corruption in government

a)

John Locke

b)

Thomas Hobbes

c)

Montesquieu

d)

Rousseau

e)

Voltaire

9.

Social Contract. People are born good but corrupted by society. Limited and freely elected government

a)

John Locke

b)

Thomas Hobbes

c)

Montesquieu

d)

Rousseau

e)

Voltaire

10.
A political idea where the government is divided into branches that share power.
a)
Checks and Taxes
b)
Checks and Monarchy
c)
Checks and Balances
d)
Natural Laws and State of Nature
11.

The King of France during the French Revolution. He was the King who was beheaded via the Guillotine. 

a)

Maximilien Robespierre

b)

Louis XVI

c)

Estates General

d)

Bastille

12.

The Jacobin leader who set out to build a “republic of virtue”, and was later beheaded. Lead the Reign of Terror

a)

King Henry

b)

Louis X

c)

Louis XVI

d)

Maximilien Robespierre

13.

A French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate

a)

National Assembly

b)

Third Estate

c)

Estates General

d)

Reign of Terror

14.

The period when Robespierre ruled France as a dictator and thousands of political figures and citizens were executed

a)

Tennis Court Oath

b)

Reign of Terror

c)

Estates General

d)

Bastille

15.

A pledge made by the members of France’s National Assembly in 1789 in which they vow to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution

a)

Pledge of Allies

b)

The France Pledge

c)

Tennis Court Oath

d)

The Oath of Continuance

16.

The estate which included the bourgeoisie as well as professionals, artisans, and peasants

a)

Estates General

b)

Third Estate

c)

National Assembly

d)

Real Estate

17.

Belief in the ideas of _______________________________and discontent within the Third Estate were causes of the French Revolution.

a)

Renaissance

b)

Spanish Inquisition

c)

Enlightenment

d)

Catholic Reformation

18.

Declaration of the Rights of Man...

a)

... explained why the British colonies should be free

b)

... listed the natural rights of citizens in revolutionary France

c)

... abolished the monarchy

19.

The bourgeoisie (middle class) belonged to which of the three Estates?

a)

First

b)

Second

c)

Third

d)

None

20.

A bishop (city church leader) belonged to which Estate?

a)

First

b)

Second

c)

Third

d)

None

21.
Which term best defines the concept that the sun is the center of the universe?
a)
heliocentric
b)
geocentric
c)
Ethnocentric
d)
Eurocentric
22.
The 6-step procedure based on observation and experimentation is called...  
a)
Planetary Model
b)
Philosophical Method
c)
Pavlov's Hierarchy of Needs
d)
the Scientific Method
23.

He was a polish mathematician and astronomer who was first to determine that the sun was the center of the solar system.

a)

Galilieo

b)

Humes

c)

Copernicus

d)

Descartes

24.

A German mathematician who was known for his laws of planetary motion in elliptical orbits around the sun.

a)

Leviticus

b)

Kepler

c)

Columbus

d)

Newton

25.

Who was the English scientist who discovered the laws of gravitation?

a)

Galileo

b)

Newton

c)

Kepler

d)

Copernicus

26.

Who proposed a system of EXPERIMENTATION to find new truths through this type of scientific method.

a)

Newton

b)

Bacon

c)

Descartes

d)

Frisius

27.

How did scientists begin challenging authority during the Scientific Revolution?

a)

By careful observation of nature and willingness to question old beliefs

b)

By reading classic literature

c)

By collecting samples of plant life

d)

By forming new government ideas

28.

Who proposed a mathematical system using REASON and LOGIC to find new truths through this type of scientific method.

a)

Bacon

b)

Newton

c)

Boyle

d)

Descartes

29.
Scientist began using _____________ and _______________ instead of placing their beliefs in faith.
a)
History and faith
b)
Math and Science
c)
Math and History
d)
reason and logic
30.

What political purpose did the Palace at Versailles have?

a)

to aid the artists of the time by displaying their works for other to see

b)

to show the power of Louis XIV and arouse the envy of other monarchs

c)

to reflect the religious faith of Louis XIV and give the apperance of strength and virtue

d)

to reflect Louis XIV's ideas of westernization and his desire to modernize his country 

31.

What concept was the belief "divine right" used to support?

a)

having a government

b)

believing in God

c)

seperation of church and state

d)

absolute power

32.

This Russian ruler wanted to update the traditional ideals of Russia by bringing over western ideals from Europe.

a)

Frederick the Great

b)

Peter the Great

c)

Maria Theresa

d)

Charles II

33.

What king became France's most powerful ruler and boasted "I am the state"?

a)

Louis XIV

b)

Henry II

c)

Louis XIII

d)

Napoleon

34.

Advantages of Johannes Gutenberg's printing press include all of the following EXCEPT:

a)

Cheaper book prices

b)

Increase in education/literacy

c)

Increase in church power

d)

Rapid spread of ideas

35.

Who posted the 95 Theses?

a)

Martin Luther

b)

John Calvin

c)

King Henry the VIII

d)

Queen Elizabeth I

36.

The Ottoman army included 30,000 elite soldiers called ________ who were slaves that were trained to be loyal to the government.

a)

Janissaries

b)

Jizyas

c)

Slavs

d)

None of the Above

37.

In 1453, the Ottomans attacked Constantinople & conquered the ________ Empire

a)

Persian

b)

Roman

c)

Mughal

d)

Byzantine

38.

The greatest Ottoman sultan was ___________ who came to power in 1520

a)

Romulus the Great

b)

Alexander the Great

c)

Suleyman the Magnificent

d)

James III

39.

In 1494, ___________ became king of the Mughals, expanded the army, & began invasions into India to create his empire

a)

Babur

b)

Sulaman

c)

Suleyman

d)

Shah

40.

In 1556, Babur’s grandson Akbar became king of the Mughal Empire & expanded the empire into almost all of ___________.

a)

Spain

b)

Israel

c)

China

d)

India

41.
Which European nation controlled Haiti?
a)
England
b)
France
c)
Italy
d)
Greece
42.

What group was at the top of the Latin American social classes?

a)

Creoles

b)

Mestizos

c)

Peninsulares

d)

Mulattos

43.
Who led the slaves in Haiti in a revolt against France?
a)
Miguel Hidalgo
b)
Simon Bolivar
c)
Toussaint L'Ouverture 
d)
Jose de San Martin
44.
"I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man." Toussaint L'Ouverture.
What influenced L'Ouverture to make this statement about natural rights and lead a slave rebellion in Haiti?
a)
Absolutism
b)
The use of the scientific method
c)
Enlightenment Ideas
d)
The rise of international trade
45.
* Freed 5 South American colonies from Spanish rule
* President of Gran Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia
* Born in Venezuela
Who is this historical figure?
a)
Simon Bolivar
b)
Jose' de San Martin
c)
Father Miguel Hidalgo
d)
Toussaint L'Ouverture
46.
What was the main factor in determining a person's social status in Spain's colonies in Latin America?
a)
race
b)
wealth
c)
politics
d)
religion
47.
One way in which Toussaint L'Ouverture, Simón Bolívar, and José de San Martín are similar is that they all were
a)
industrial labor reformers
b)
democratically elected leaders
c)
leaders of independence movements
d)
supporters of mercantile policies
48.
Which title best completes this graphic organizer?
a)
Results of Nationalism in Europe
b)
Causes of the Industrial Revolution
c)
Impact of the Scientific Revolution
d)
Reasons for Latin American Independence Movements
49.
Who is known as the "Latin American Liberator"?
a)
Jose Morelos
b)
Miguel Hidalgo
c)
George Washington
d)
Simon Bolivar
50.

What happened to the Directory?

a)

They created a long-lasting government that is still in effect today.

b)

They peacefully dissembled.

c)

They were overthrown in a coup d’etat led by Napoleon.

d)

All 5 consuls ruled peacefully

51.

The goal of the Congress of Vienna was to

a)

Reignite the spirit of the French Revolution

b)

Restore European monarchs to power like Louis XVIII

c)

Allow France to reclaim territories lost in the war

d)

Select a nation to lead all of Europe

52.
Who crowned Napoleon emperor in 1804?
a)
The Pope
b)
He crowned himself
c)
The King of France
d)
The people voted him Emperor
53.
The French people welcomed Napoleon because…
a)
they hoped he would fix the famine that France was experiencing
b)
he completely disagreed with the ideas of the French Revolution
c)
he was the son of King Louis XVI
d)
he promised to bring law and order to France after the chaos of the Reign of Terror
54.
The main purpose of the Congress of Vienna was to do which of the following?
a)
decide how to control the Industrial Revolution
b)
decide how to stop Nationalism from spreading any further throughout Europe
c)
decide how to put Europe back together after the Fall of Napoleon’s Empire and create a Balance of Power on the Continent of Europe
d)
decide how to keep Great Britain from becoming the most powerful European Country
55.
Which of the following describes what happened when Napoleon instituted the Continental System?
a)
His brother Joseph was not able to withstand the guerrilla warfare tactics used by Spanish nationalists
b)
The British navy was too strong for the blockade and France's economy suffered as a result
c)
The Russians used the scorched-earth policy to eventually starve Napoleons army
d)
The blockade successfully restricted British trade and led to fall of Great Britain
56.
Napoleon forced French culture on conquered territories. What was the impact of this?
a)
Trade increased
b)
Nationalism developed and spread
c)
Peace and prosperity spread across Europe
d)
All of Europe started speaking the same language
57.
The great French empire that Napoleon created eventually fell after the unsuccessful invasion of Russia. Why was the invasion considered a great disaster for Napoleon? 
a)
There was a massive air attack by the Russians that wiped out most of Napoleons army
b)
Russia's scorched-earth policy and cold winter wiped out most of Napoleons army
c)
The Battle of the Bulge wiped out most of Napoleons army
d)
The newly formed United States allied with Russia to wipe out most of Napoleons army
58.

Why did Napoleon wanted to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States?

a)

He wanted to give Britain an advantage over the US

b)

He needed the money to fund his war against Britain

c)

He knew Spain wanted to control the Mississippi.

d)

Spain would only give him $12 million

59.

In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

a)

The United States

b)

England

c)

France

d)

Germany

60.
What is the movement from rural to urban areas called?
a)
Moving
b)
colonization
c)
inflation
d)
urbanization
61.

What impact did the Agricultural Revolution have on the population of England?

a)

The population increased a little.

b)

The population declined steeply.

c)

The population increased dramatically.

d)

The population stayed the same.

62.

Who designed the first efficient steam engine?

a)

James Hargreaves

b)

John Kay

c)

Richard Arkwright

d)

James Watt

63.
Which 2 natural resources were the backbone of the Industrial Revolution?
a)
wood and peat
b)
oil and natural gas
c)
coal and iron
d)
cotton and tobacco
64.

Which statement about the early years of the Industrial Revolution is true?

a)

Children were not allowed to work in the mines during the Industrial Revolution

b)

Work conditions improved quickly

c)

There were no labor laws that prevented children from working

d)

Children were allowed to work but they were treated fairly.

65.

In the early days of the Industrial Revolution, many factories were built along swift flowing rivers primarily

a)

water was a major source of irrigation

b)

ships could easily deliver goods to factories

c)

water power was used to drive factory machines

d)

factory owners preferred to build on inexpensive land

66.

Which one of following would be a PULL factor for "people moved to the cities during the Industrial Revolution?"

a)

Family

b)

Jobs on the farm

c)

Jobs in factories

d)

Higher cost of living

67.

England is an island. Why was this an advantage during the Industrial Revolution?

a)

It wasn't an advantage.

b)

It made it more difficult for other countries to steal England's ideas.

c)

England has many ports and rivers which allow easier worldwide trade.

d)

England had tropical weather, which allowed more crops to be grown.

68.

Who owns the factors of production under capitalism?

a)

The people of the state

b)

Private citizens/entrepreneurs

c)

The government

d)

The Stock Market

69.

Which of the following was a negative effect of industrialization?

a)

unregulated working conditions

b)

increase in wages

c)

increase in demand for farm labor

d)

regulations in factories

70.

What is a labor union?

a)

Group of people that work at the same company

b)

Organization of workers formed to protect their rights and interests

c)

The term used for workers who go on strike

d)

Minority workers

71.

The Industrial Revolution changed the US economy from _______ to Industrial

a)

Agrarian

b)

Information

c)

Primitive

d)

Trade Based

72.
_______________ are pieces made to fit many machines or tools.
a)
Interchangeable parts
b)
Fixed parts
c)
Limited parts
d)
New parts
73.

Decide which quote supports labor unions:

Quote 1

“The working people find that improvements in the methods of production and distribution are constantly being made, and unless they occasionally strike, or have the power to enter upon a strike, the improvements will all go to the employer and all the injuries to the employees.”

Quote 2

“The strike is apparently hopeless, and must be regarded as nothing more than a rash and spiteful demonstration of resentment by men too ignorant or too reckless to understand their own

interests.”

a)

Quote 1

b)

Quote 2

c)

Both

d)

Neither

74.

A reason some businesses hired children was:

a)

To provide the children a bright future and opportunities

b)

So they could save money by paying the children less money

c)

So the children could take care of the heavy labor required for their business

d)

To improve their public image

75.

The _______ was a technique used during the Industrial Revolution that greatly increased efficiency. It involved the worker or machine completing the same task over and over again as products moved down the line.

a)

Bessemer Process

b)

Assembly Line

c)

Trial and Error Method

d)

Mechanization

76.
The _______________ is the name for the change from goods being made by hand at home to making them by machine in factories.
a)
French Revolution
b)
Machine Revolution
c)
Industrial Revolution
d)
Technological Revolution
77.

During the Industrial Revolution, a new social and economic class that developed was the

a)

serfs

b)

rich, or the upper class

c)

expanded lower class

d)

middle class

78.
Mass production led to:
a)
Products being more superior in quality
b)
goods became less expensive
c)
laborers received higher wages
d)
industries moved to rural areas
79.
What were living conditions in the city like during the Industrial Revolution?
a)
Very extravagant
b)
Strict housing regulations
c)
Spacious and luxurious
d)
Crowded and unsanitary
80.

How did industrialization impact women?

a)

Many women entered the paid workplace.

b)

Many women practiced traditional economic activities.

c)

It had no impact on the lives of women.

d)

Women moved from cities to rural areas.

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