.... is any material that reacts to release energy to be used for work

What does ethanol reduce?

How are ethanol and glucose similar in structure and function? Choose all correct answers.

......must be broken for the stored energy to be released

What type of reaction is that

..... is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Cellular respiration is an endothermic reaction

The stored energy is transferred to ....

Which process produces a larger number of ATP in cellular respiration?

he release of energy as heat accounts for why the body temperatures of mammals range from (in degrees celsius)

Both plant and animal cells contain mitochondria

The mitochondrion has an inner membrane with many folds, called

The ...... separates the mitochondrion from the rest of the cell

The process of ..... occurs before the two main stages of cellular respiration

The input for glycolysis is ...... which is an output of photosynthesis

Glycolysis forms ....., which drives the Krebs cycle to produce CO2 and ATP

The process of breaking down of glucose occurs in the .... of a cell

Glycolysis is an ... process

pyruvate are ...

What is the order of cellular respiration

The Krebs cycle was named after

In Krebs process, ........ are transferred to molecules such as NADH and FADH₂

Which statement supports the idea that matter is conserved in the Krebs cycle?

The Krebs cycle is a continual series of reactions.

the electron transport chain, uses .... embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Which processes demonstrate that cellular respiration involves the breaking of chemical bonds and the formation of new bonds that results in a net transfer of energy from food to the cell? Choose all correct answers.

Together, glycolysis and cellular respiration produce a net gain of up to ..... ATP molecules for every glucose molecule

Fermentation does not make ATP, but it allows ETC to continue

Electrons are removed from electron carriers such as ....

Fermentation removes electrons from ..... molecules and recycles ..... molecules for glycolysis.

A community is a group of the same species that lives in the same area

A .... is a group of the same species that lives in the same area

Many different ecosystems make up a biome

A ..... is a major regional or global distribution of organisms adapted to living in that particular environmen

An area with a high level of biodiversity, such as a tropical rain forest, has a small assortment of species living near one another.

plants and animals that live in one biome are found in any other biome.

The amount of biodiversity found in an area depends on many factors, including .....

a prairie is a type of ......

These water-based ecosystems are called

There are .... main categories of aquatic ecosystems

How could rising ocean temperatures affect coral reef ecosystems? Select all correct answers.

quatic plants utilize to convert sunlight into usable energy.

Most coral reefs grow within .... zones

occur where fresh water and salt water mix together. 

..... is essential for metabolism

which order of food chain is correct?

....... is a sequence that links species by their feeding relationships

desert cottontails are organisms that eat only plants

desert cottontails are ......

Carnivores are organisms that eat only plants

Western diamondback rattlesnakes are carnivores

....... are organisms that eat detritus, or dead organic matter

..... are Detritivores

The first trophic level is occupied by the ......

The third level is occupied by the primary consumer an herbivore

The third and fourth levels contain secondary and tertiary consumers, and so on, which can be .... or ....

A food web models the complex network of feeding relationships between trophic levels within an ecosystem

If all the triggerfish in the food web were eliminated, what immediate effects would you expect to observe? Select all correct answers.

what is biomass?

energy in organisms is divided to biomass, ...., and ......

As trophic level ......, the amount of available energy is reduced because some is converted to heat or excreted as waste

..... is the percentage of energy entering the ecosystem that is incorporated into biomass at a particular trophic level

..... is the percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next

the more levels there are in the ecosystem, the ..... the loss of energy

only ..... percent of energy produced is transferred to the next trophic level

Producers convert only about ..... percent of the energy available from sunlight into useable energy

Why is there a limit on the number of trophic levels that can exist in an ecosystem?

A ...... compares the biomass at different trophic levels within an ecosystem

Biomass is measured as the total mass per unit of area

The biomass measurement includes living organisms but doesn't include dead organic matter

which unit is used when measuring a biomass pyramid?

Use the pyramid of numbers models to help you complete the following problem. According to the grassland pyramid, how many grass plants would be needed to support 10 birds?

According to this model, if the producer level contained 5000 J of energy, how many joules would be present at the secondary consumers level?

The larger the size of the individual organisms, the ..... that are needed to support the next trophic level

..... is a type of air pollution caused by the interaction of sunlight with pollutants produced by fossil fuel emissions

The nitrogen dioxide in smog reacts with oxygen to produce ....

The addition of nitrogen to an ecosystem alters the nutrient balance, which can lead to increases in producers such as algae causing .....

what is the process of depleting oxygen called?

If energy is conserved, what percentage of the solar energy should be reflected back into space?

The ......., also known as ........, is the circular pathway of water on Earth from the atmosphere, to the surface, below ground and back into the atmosphere

are any location where cycling matter is stored

which one of these are reservoirs?

Evaporation is a process

Which of these are processes?

About ..... percent of Earth's atmosphere is composed of nitrogen gas (N₂).

Certain types of bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia (NH₃) through a process called ......

bacteria change ammonium into nitrate (NO₃^–) through a process called ......

Nitrates released by soil bacteria are taken up by plants through ......, which converts them into organic compounds such as amino acids and proteins

When decomposers break down animal excretions or dead animal and plant matter, nitrogen is returned to the soil as ammonium, in a process called ......

Denitrifying bacteria use nitrate as an oxygen source, releasing nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere as a waste product via .......

..... is also stored in abiotic components of the Earth system

fossil fuels such as oil and coal, dead matter in the soil, and chemical compounds in rocks are all ......

Oxygen enters the aquatic biotic cycle when algae and phytoplankton convert it during photosynthesis

Oceans are ...... that absorb and hold large amounts of carbon

Beneficial bacteria convert harmful ammonium into .....

..... occurs in the form of phosphate salts found in ocean sediments and rocks

Water can transport phosphorus to aquatic ecosystems through runoff and leaching

Some dissolved phosphates settle at the bottom of oceans in a process called ......., becoming phosphate rocks over millions of years

Which of the following statements are true of the phosphorus cycle? Select all correct answers.

..... gas is released into the atmosphere as a product of photosynthesis

which cycle interacts with the oxygen cycle?

The atmosphere serves as a reservoir for oxygen until it is taken in by an organism for use in cellular respiration