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S1 Review Questions Earth Science

Total questions: 146

Worksheet time: 2hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, where weather occurs, most dense layer, and temperature increases with altitude.

a)

troposphere

b)

mesosphere

c)

exosphere

d)

thermosphere

2.

The second lowest layer of the atmosphere, the ozone is located here, it is calm, and temperature increases with altitude.

a)

Troposphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Thermosphere

d)

Mesosphere

3.

Middle layer of the atmosphere, protects the earth by burning up meteoroids, coldest layer

a)

Exosphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Troposphere

d)

Mesosphere

4.

This layer is 4th from the bottom, it's the hottest layer, and space shuttles orbit here

a)

Exosphere

b)

Troposphere

c)

Thermosphere

d)

Mesosphere

5.

This layer is the outer layer of the atmosphere, it is the least dense, and the thinnest layer.

a)

Exosphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Thermosphere

d)

Mesosphere

6.

What is the most prominent gas in the atmosphere?

a)

Co2

b)

Oxygen

c)

Nitrogen

d)

Methane

7.

What is the second most prominent gas in the atmosphere?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Argon

d)

Water Vapor

8.

What gas is released into the atmosphere by plants?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Co2

c)

Argon

d)

Methane

9.

What happens to atmospheric pressure as altitude increases?

a)

Pressure decreases

b)

Pressure stays constant

c)

Pressure increases

d)

None of the above

10.

The ozone layer protects life on Earth from …

a)

Ultraviolet Rays

b)

Gamma Rays

c)

Infrared Rays

d)

X-Rays

11.

Which layer of the atmosphere is most dense?

a)

Stratosphere

b)

Thermosphere

c)

Troposphere

d)

Mesosphere

12.

Which of the following is the correct composition of Earth’s modern atmosphere?

a)

78% oxygen, 21% nitrogen, 1% other

b)

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other

c)

50% oxygen, 50% nitrogen

d)

75% oxygen, 25% nitrogen

13.

Ozone is formed in the

a)

troposhere

b)

stratosphere

c)

mesosphere

d)

thermosphere

14.

SUnburn occurs when your skin is exposed to harmful ______ rays

a)

radio

b)

magnetic

c)

ultraviolet

d)

infrared

15.

Which of the following is the most common ozone destroying pollutants?

a)

Chloroflurocarbons

b)

particular matter

c)

Nitrogen dioxide

d)

carbon monoxide

16.

How many oxygen atoms does a molecule of ozone contain?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

17.

Heat from a fire is this type of thermal energy transfer:

a)

Conduction

b)

Convection

c)

Radiation

18.

Hands wrapped around a mug of hot cocoa is an example of this type of heat transfer:

a)

Convection

b)

Conduction

c)

Radiation

19.

Water boiling is this type of thermal energy transfer:

a)

Convection

b)

Conduction

c)

Radiation

20.

Which layer of the atmosphere would jets fly in to avoid a thunderstorm?

a)

troposphere

b)

thermosphere

c)

mesosphere

d)

stratosphere

21.

Who is the scientist who proposed Continental Drift Theory?

a)
Albert Einstein
b)
Alfred Wegener
c)
Isaac Newton
d)
John Dalton
22.

Alfred Wegener named his single supercontinent ____________, which means "all Earth" in ancient Greek.

a)

Pandora

b)

Gandowandaland

c)

Pangea

d)

Percia

23.
What was Wegener's hypothesis called?
a)

The Theory of Pangea 

b)

The Theory of Moving Continents

c)

The Theory of Continental Drift

d)

The Theory of Techtonic Plates

24.

What type of fossils were noticed by Wegener to be found on two different continents?

a)
Leaves and flowers
b)
Ice and mountains
c)
Plants and animals
d)
Dinosaurs and reptiles
25.

True or False: The continental plates move so quickly that we can feel them.

a)

True

b)

False

26.

Most geologists think that the movement of Earth's tectonic plates is caused by

a)

the rotation of the Earth.

b)

the Earth's magnetic field.

c)

subduction.

d)

convection currents.

27.

When plates collide we get ________.

a)

crumbles

b)

volcanos

c)

trenches

d)

mountain ranges

28.
Associated with transform boundaries.
a)
Volcanoes
b)
mountains
c)
trenches
d)
earthquakes
29.
A location where two tectonic plates collide is known as a _________ boundary.
a)
Convergent
b)
Divergent
c)
Transform
d)
Spreading
30.

Which layer of Earth flows slowly and causes the crust to move?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Inner Core

d)

Outer core

31.

What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?

a)

crust, outer core, inner core, mantle

b)

mantle, outer core, inner core, crust

c)

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

d)

outer core, inner core, crust, mantle

32.
What is an earthquake?
a)
When the earth causes an upward thrust in the epicenter.
b)
When the earth moves up and down along the ocean floor.
c)

When tectonic plates slide against each other causing the earth to move. 

d)
None of the above
33.

Subduction means.....

a)

one plate goes under another plate

b)

two plates slide past each other

c)

two plate collide and form folded mountains

34.

Sea-floor spreading explains how.....

a)

new crust is created at a divergent boundary

b)

volcanoes are formed on continents

c)

deep sea trenches are formed

35.
The hot, plastic-like layer of Earth, made of magma. 
a)
Inner Core
b)
Mantle
c)
Crust
d)
Outer Core
36.

What type of plate boundary is this?

a)

Plate

b)

Divergent

c)

Convergent

d)

Transform

37.
The area around the Pacific Ocean where lots of earthquakes and volcanoes happen is called the ____________.
a)
Ring of Earth
b)
Ring of Fire
c)
Ring of Stone
d)
Ring of Diamond
38.
Which layer includes the crust and the upper mantle?
a)
Asthenosphere
b)
Lithosphere
c)
Mesosphere
39.
A plate boundary at which two plate move parallel to each other in opposite directions
a)
convergent plate boundary
b)
divergent plate boundary
c)
transform plate boundary
d)
subduction
40.
What type of boundary is in this image?
a)
convergent plate boundary
b)
divergent plate boundary
c)
transform plate boundary
d)
subduction
41.
The color of a mineral in powder form is called the mineral's 
a)
hardness
b)
specific gravity
c)
luster
d)
streak
42.
How light reflects off of a mineral is called the mineral's 
a)
luster
b)
streak
c)
cleavage
d)
fracture
43.
A mineral's resistance to being scratched is called?
a)
streak
b)
luster
c)
hardness
d)
heft
44.
Metallic and nonmetallic are two examples of the physical property _______________.
a)
streak
b)
color
c)
luster
d)
cleavage
45.
Which mineral property is being shown here?
a)
luster
b)
hardness
c)
cleavage
d)
streak
46.
Which of these minerals is softer than glass?
a)
Topaz 
b)
Corundum 
c)
Calcite 
d)
Orthoclase 
47.
Can a glass plate scratch apatite?
a)
Yes 
b)
No 
48.
Can a penny scratch fluorite?
a)
Yes 
b)
No 
49.
Diamond has a hardness of ___ on Mohs Hardness Scale.
a)
1
b)
5
c)
8
d)
10
50.

Dull, glassy, and pearly are terms that best describe which property of minerals?

a)

luster

b)

color

c)

streak

d)

cleavage

51.
By definition, a mineral has which of the following characteristic(s)?
a)
definite chemical composition
b)
crystal structure
c)
naturally occuring
d)
all of the above
52.
How do you test the hardness of a mineral? 
a)
Throw it against a wall
b)
Step on it
c)
Scratch Test
d)
Kick it until it breaks
53.
What mineral is used for pencils?
a)
Graphite
b)
Galena
c)
Magnetite
d)
Quartz
54.

What mineral is the softest mineral on Moh's Hardness Scale and the main ingredient in baby powder?

a)

feldspar

b)

talc

c)

gypsum

d)

kaolinite

55.
Rock that forms when sediment from older rocks get pressed and cemented together.
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Igneous Rock
56.
The process by which igneous rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
melting and cooling
c)
weathering and erosion
57.
The process by which metamorphic rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
erosion and deposition
c)
melting and cooling
58.
Rock that forms when pressure and temperature change existing rock.
a)
Igneous Rock
b)
Sedimentary Rock
c)
Metamorphic Rock
d)
Rock Cycle
59.
_______ rock forms from magma/lava
a)
Metamorphic
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Igneous
60.
This rock was another type of rock that was heated and compressed over time. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
61.
This rock started as molten magma. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
62.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
63.
True or False: Once a rock is sedimentary, it cannot become an igneous rock.
a)
True
b)
False
64.
What are the 3 major types of rocks?
a)
Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic, Igneous, Cementation
c)
magma, lava, crystals
65.
The process when rocks break into smaller pieces due to exposure to natural elements is called
a)
erosion
b)
weathering
c)
sediments
66.
What type of rock is formed due to pressure and heat within the earth?
a)
igneous
b)
sedimentary
c)
metamorphic
67.
Sediment goes through _________________ to become sedimentary rock.
a)
heat and pressure
b)
compacting and cementing
c)
weathering and erosion
d)
melting and cooling
68.

Which statement best describes how sedimentary rock is formed?

a)

Flowing magma cooled quickly, creating many uneven layers

b)

Extreme pressure melted and formed minerals in uneven layers.

c)

Layers of sediment are deposited and compressed over a long time period.

d)

Separate layers of lava cooled over time, hardening at different rates

69.

In order for sedimentary rock to form, which of the following must occur?

a)

compaction

b)

intrusion

c)

oxidation

d)

metamorphism

70.

The processes responsible for changing sediments into sedimentary rock are compaction and _________________

a)

intrusion

b)

cementation

c)

stratification

d)

foliation

71.

Slate is a type of rock that forms when shale rock is exposed to heat and pressure deep under Earth's surface for thousands of years. What type of rock is slate?

a)

igneous

b)

intrusive

c)

metamorphic

d)

sedimentary

72.

Granite is often used for decoration and sculpting because the large crystal formations are very beautiful. The large crystals are formed when magma cools slowly. What type of rock is granite?

a)

Igneous

b)

metamorphic

c)

sedimentary

d)

marble

73.

What needs to happen for igneous rock to be transformed into sedimentary rock?

a)

Weathering and erosion need to wear away the igneous rock, forming particles that will eventually cement into sedimentary rock.

b)

Low temperatures at the poles need to freeze the igneous rock, cooling and hardening it into extremely dense sedimentary rock.

c)

Tectonic plates must collide near the igneous rock, driving it under the surface, where it melts into sedimentary rock.

d)

High pressure needs to compact the igneous rock, eventually melting it and forming sedimentary rock as it cools.

74.

When are igneous rocks formed?

a)

when layers of mud form inside Earth

b)

when layers of mud are compressed

c)

when melted rock hardens

d)

when solid rock melts

75.

Which explanation describes how metamorphic rocks are formed?

a)

Metamorphic rock is formed when sedimentary and igneous rocks change over time under heat and pressure.

b)

Metamorphic rock is formed when earthquakes shake up the rocks so they are broken into small pieces.

c)

Metamorphic rock is formed when sedimentary rocks are broken down over time by wind and rain.

d)

Metamorphic rock is formed when lava that erupts from a volcano cools in the atmosphere.

76.

Lorna decided to study rocks while on vacation in Hawaii. Which type is she most likely to find in Hawaii?

a)

She will find mainly igneous rock, because Hawaii has and was formed by active volcanoes.

b)

She will find mainly sedimentary rock, because Hawaii has high winds and ocean currents.

c)

She will find mainly sedimentary rock, because Hawaii has a large amount of organic plant matter

d)

. She will find mainly metamorphic rock, because Hawaii always has high temperatures.

77.

Igneous rock is formed from cooling magma. Which process will change igneous rock into sediment?

a)

heat and pressure

b)

melting

c)

cooling

d)

weathering and erosion

78.

Which type of rock could contain fossils of woolly mammoths?

a)

igneous

b)

metamorphic

c)

sedimentary

d)

minerals

79.

Rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic based mainly on their

a)

texture and shape.

b)

method of formation

c)

grain size.

d)

mineral content.

80.

A rock that is composed of several large, rounded pebbles and sand grains cemented together is most likely

a)

an igneous rock

b)

a sedimentary rock

c)

a rock formed by evaporation

d)

a rock formed by intense heat.

81.

What is the change of rocks from one type to another type known as?

a)

metamorphism

b)

the rock cycle

c)

petrography

d)

consolidation

82.

What type of igneous rock is smooth and glassy?

a)

basalt

b)

obsidian

c)

pumice

d)

granite

83.

A pocket of melted rock, or magma, has formed deep below the surface of Earth. After the pocket of magma slowly cools, what does the magma become?

a)

igneous rock

b)

marble

c)

sedimentary rock

d)

metamorphic rock

84.

Sedimentary rocks such as sandstone often contain cracks or ripples. These marks show that a number of sedimentary rocks form

a)

in pockets of molten rock.

b)

inside ice in mountain ranges.

c)

under sands in the desert.

d)

at the bottom of bodies of water

85.

A student analyzing an unknown rock that formed on Earth's surface observes that the rock has no layers, no individual particles or crystal grains, and is smooth and glassy. The unknown rock is most likely classified as

a)

extrusive metamorphic rock.

b)

intrusive metamorphic rock.

c)

extrusive igneous rock

d)

intrusive igneous rock.

86.

A mineral must be a ______________

a)

liquid

b)

solid

c)

gas

d)

plasma

87.

The color of a mineral's powder is called its _____________

a)

cleavage

b)

fracture

c)

hardness

d)

streak

88.

A minerals resistance to being scratched is its ________________

a)

streak

b)

hardness

c)

cleavage

d)

fracture

89.

A mineral's hardness is measured on the _________ scales

a)

Moh's

b)

Richter

c)

Saffer-Simpson

d)

Enhanced Fujita

90.

The place where an earthquake originates inside the Earth's surface is called...

a)

Epicenter

b)

Focus

c)

Underground

d)

Crust

91.

The place on the Earth's surface, above the origin of the earthquake.

a)

Epicenter

b)

Focus

c)

Surface

d)

Crust

92.

What is the instrument used to measure earthquakes?

a)

Seismograph

b)

Seismologist

c)

Scale

d)

Seismogram

93.

Which city is closest to the epicenter?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

94.

Which seismogram represents a city that is far from the epicenter of an earthquake?

a)

New York, NY

b)

Nome, Alaska

c)

Guadalajara, Mexico

95.

Which wave is the most destructive and travels on the surface?

a)

Secondary Wave

b)

Primary Wave

c)

Long Wave

96.

5. Which type of wave travels the fastest?

a)

Primary Wave

b)

Secondary Wave

c)

Long Wave

97.

This is created by earthquakes that occur on the ocean floor.

a)

longshore current

b)

gulf stream

c)

tsunamis

d)

high tide

98.

What scale determines the amount of damage an earthquake causes?

a)

Richter scale

b)

Mercalli scale

c)

Moment magnitude scale

d)

seismographic scale

99.

S-waves can move through which of the following?

a)

Gas

b)

Liquid

c)

Solid

d)

All of these

100.
What type of fault is this?
a)
Normal
b)
Reverse
c)
Strike-slip
101.
An area where no direct seismic waves from a particular earthquake can be detected is called
a)
an inactive fault zone
b)
the mesosphere
c)
a shadow zone
d)
the atmosphere
102.

What is the minimum number of seismograph stations needed to locate an earthquake epicenter?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

5

103.

Which wave can travel through all materials?

a)

P - primary

b)

S - secondary

c)

L - Long

104.

Which wave can travel through solids only?

a)

P - Primary

b)

S - Secondary

c)

Surface

105.

Liquefaction is when...

a)

the soil behaves like liquid

b)

the air behaves like a liquid

c)

magma rises to the surface

d)

a large wave of water occurs

106.

Measures the magnitude or size, of an Earthquake

a)

epicenter

b)

focus

c)

Richter scale

d)

Mercalli Scale

107.

What is the measure of the amount of energy released in an earthquake?

a)

Intensity

b)

Epicenter

c)

Magnitude

d)

Seismogram

108.

The boundary between the Earth's crust and asthenosphere:

a)

Lithosphere

b)

Moho

c)

Strike - slip

d)

Troposphere

109.

How do scientists know that the outer core is a liquid?

a)

P waves do not travel through the outer core but S waves do.

b)

S waves do not travel through the outer core but P waves do.

c)

P waves and S waves do not travel through the outer core.

d)

P waves and S waves travel through the outer core.

110.
A weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma comes to the surface
a)
lava
b)
volcano
c)
earthquake
d)
tsunami
111.
A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle
a)
Magma
b)
Lava
c)
Minerals
d)
Rocks
112.
Molten material that reaches the surface.
a)
Earthquake
b)
Tsunami
c)
Magma
d)
Lava
113.
A volcano belt that rims the Pacific Ocean
a)
Belt of Fire
b)
Ring of Fire
c)
Hat of Fire
d)
Earthquake of Fire
114.
A live volcano
a)
Dormant volcano
b)
Active volcano
c)
Extinct volcano
d)
Shield volcano
115.
A sleeping volcano
a)
Composite volcano
b)
Active volcano
c)
Extinct volcano
d)
Dormant volcano
116.
The belly of the Volcano is called
a)
Side vent
b)
Central vent
c)
Magma chamber
d)
Conduit
117.
A boundary on Earth's crust where two plates collide
a)
Convergent boundary
b)
Divergent boundary
c)
Transform boundary
d)
Indirect boundary
118.
A plate boundary where the plates divide
a)
Indirect boundary
b)
Transform boundary
c)
Convergent boundary
d)
Divergent boundary
119.
A plate boundary where the plates slide past each other in opposite directions
a)
Indirect
b)
Transform boundary
c)
Convergent boundary
d)
Divergent boundary
120.
What is the definition of dormant?
a)
sleeping
b)
extinct
c)
active
d)
invisible
121.
Volcanoes are found...
a)
on land
b)
under water
c)
on islands
d)
all of the above
122.
Where do volcanoes come from?
a)
Places where plates move apart
b)
Places where plates are moving together
c)
Hot Spots
d)
All of these options
123.

What is a volcano?

a)

A weak spot in Earth’s crust where magma can come to the surface.

b)

A mix of rocks, minerals, gases, and water from the mantle.

c)

Hot semifluid rock that becomes solid rock as it cools off.

d)

A special kind of mountain.

124.

What is an extinct volcano?

a)

A volcano that has erupted at least once in the last 10,000 years.

b)

A volcano that hasn’t erupted in the last 10,000 years, but could still erupt.

c)

A volcano that should never erupt again.

125.

Why might you find lava rocks so far away from the ring of fire?

a)

Not all volcanoes are on the ring of fire

b)

The wind picked up the rock and blew it far away

c)

It grew legs and walked away.

126.

New land is created when lava flows cool and harden to form rock.

a)

True

b)

False

127.
What is molten rock that has formed deep within the Earth?
a)
Hot Spot
b)
Magma
c)
Lava
d)
Volcano
128.

What is molten rock that has reached the Earth's surface?

a)

Mantle

b)

Lava

c)

Magma

d)

Ash

129.
What factor(s) determine(s) whether an eruption will be explosive?
a)
The amount of gases in the magma
b)
The amount of silica in the magma
c)
The amount of gas and silica in the magma
d)
None of these affect the explosiveness of the volcano
130.
As magma rises towards the surface it collects in a 'room' called a _____ _____ . 
a)
magma chamber
b)
side vent
c)
main vent
d)
lava chamber
131.
Vocanoes are found...
a)
on land
b)
under water
c)
on islands
d)
all of the above
132.
Where is the largest volcano?
a)
Africa
b)
Indonesia 
c)
Wyoming
d)
Hawaii
133.
Where are most volcanoes found?
a)
Southern Hemisphere
b)
Ring of Fire
c)
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
d)
Hot Spots
134.
What is / are sign(s) that a volcano may erupt soon?
a)
Earthquake activity in the area
b)
Changes in the shape of the volcano
c)
Different amounts of gas being produced
d)
All of these are signs
135.
Volcanoes that have recently erupted are known as:
a)
Extinct Volcano
b)
Dormant Volcano
c)
Active Volcano
d)
What's a volcano?
136.
A volcano that has erupted in the last 2000 years but not recently is known as....
a)
Dormant
b)
Active
c)
Extinct
d)
Angry
137.
Volcanoes that have not erupted for at least 10,000 years are described as...
a)
Sleeping
b)
Dormant
c)
Active
d)
Extinct
138.
__________ volcanoes are usually steep sided. They are formed from layers of ash and lava.
a)
Shield
b)
Cone
c)
Dormant
d)
Extinct
139.
What is letter B in the picture?
a)
Magma Chamber
b)
Crater
c)
Vent
d)
Conduit
140.
What is letter C in the picture?
a)
Vent
b)
Crater
c)
Caldera
d)
Tephra
141.
What is letter D in the picture?
a)
Crater
b)
Vent
c)
Conduit
d)
Tephra
142.
What is letter F in the picture?
a)
Pyroclastic Flow
b)
Crater
c)
Vent
d)
Tephra
143.

A 'pyroclastic flow' may consist of...(more than one choice)

a)

gases

b)

ash

c)

lava

d)

lava blocks

e)

pumice

144.

The weak point or pipe in the Earth’s crust where hot magma rises and reaches the earth’s surface is call the __________.

a)

Crater

b)

Magma Chamber

c)

Main Vent

d)

Secondary Cone

145.
The belt of volcanoes around the rim of the Pacific Ocean is called:
a)
Island arc
b)
Ring of Fire
c)
Lava plateau
d)
Hawaii
146.
When a volcano erupts, empties the magma chamber, and collapses the top leaving a huge hole.
a)
Dike
b)
Caldera
c)
Silica
d)
Geyser

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