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Worksheets6 P 3 2
Total questions: 93
Worksheet time: 47mins
The graph of neutron number against proton number shows three nuclei P, Q and R.
Which row identifies an isotope of P and the nucleon number of this isotope of P?
Isotope of P: Q
Nucleon number of isotope of P: y + 1
Isotope of P: Q
Nucleon number of isotope of P: x + y + 1
Isotope of P: R
Nucleon number of isotope of P: x + y + 1
Isotope of P: R
Nucleon number of isotope of P: x + 1
The decay of a neutral kaon K0 is given by the equation
K0 → X + Y + v̅e
What are X and Y?
e+ and e–
μ+ and e–
π+ and e–
π– and e+
Fluoride ions are produced by the addition of a single electron to an atom of fluorine 199F
What is the magnitude of specific charge of the fluoride ion?
3.2 × 10–26 C kg–1
8.4 × 10–21 C kg–1
5.0 × 106 C kg–1
4.5 × 107 C kg–1
When a nucleus of the radioactive isotope 6528Ni decays, a β– particle and an electron antineutrino are emitted.
How many protons and neutrons are there in the resulting daughter nucleus?
Number of protons: 28
Number of neutrons: 65
Number of protons: 29
Number of neutrons: 65
Number of protons: 28
Number of neutrons: 36
Number of protons: 30
Number of neutrons: 35
An atom of 167N gains 3 electrons.
What is the specific charge of the ion?
1.80 × 107 C kg–1
–1.80 × 107 C kg–1
4.19 × 107 C kg–1
–4.19 × 107 C kg–1
Electrons moving in a beam have the same de Broglie wavelength as protons in a separate beam moving at a speed of 2.8 × 104 m s–1.
What is the speed of the electrons?
1.5 × 101 m s–1
2.8 × 104 m s–1
1.2 × 106 m s–1
5.1 × 107 m s–1
The composition of a carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule is one atom of 126C and two atoms of 168O.
What is the number of molecules of CO2 in 2.2 kg of the gas?
1.0 × 1022
3.0 × 1022
3.0 × 1025
4.7 × 1025
The radius of a nucleus of the iron nuclide 5627Fe is 4.35 × 10–15 m.
What is the radius of a nucleus of the uranium nuclide 23892U?
2.69 × 10–15 m
2.89 × 10–15 m
6.55 × 10–15 m
7.05 × 10–15 m
Which of the following nuclei has the smallest specific charge?
What is the best estimate for the order of magnitude for the diameter of an atom?
10−14 m
10−12 m
10−11 m
10−8 m
Which nucleus has a smaller value of specific charge than the nucleus 188O?
When bombarded with an α particle the nuclide 2512Mg changes into another nuclide with the emission of a neutron and γ radiation.
What are the correct values for the nucleon number and proton number of the nuclide which is formed?
Nucleon number: 29
Proton number: 14
Nucleon number: 29
Proton number: 12
Nucleon number: 28
Proton number: 14
Nucleon number: 27
Proton number: 12
What are the numbers of hadrons, baryons and mesons in an atom of 73Li?
hadrons: 7
baryons: 3
mesons: 3
hadrons: 7
baryons: 4
mesons: 4
hadrons: 7
baryons: 7
mesons: 0
hadrons: 10
baryons: 7
mesons: 0
A calcium ion is formed by removing two electrons from an atom of 4020Ca . What is the specific charge of the calcium ion?
3.2 × 10–19 C kg–1
2.9 × 10–18 C kg–1
4.8 × 106 C kg–1
4.8 × 107 C kg–1
The nucleus of 94Be captures a proton and emits an α particle. What is the product nucleus?
A positive ion has a charge−to−mass ratio of 2.40 × 107 C kg–1. It is held stationary in a vertical electric field.
Which line, A to D, in the table shows correctly both the strength and the direction of the electric field?
Electric field strength / V m–1: 4.09 × 10–7
Direction: upwards
Electric field strength / V m–1: 4.09 × 10–7
Direction: downwards
Electric field strength / V m–1: 2.45 × 106
Direction: upwards
Electric field strength / V m–1: 2.45 × 106
Direction: downwards
In a nuclear reaction 147N is bombarded by neutrons. This results in the capture of one neutron and the emission of one proton by one nucleus of 147N. The resulting nucleus is
The graph of neutron number against proton number shows three nuclei P, Q and R.
Which of the following identifies an isotope of P and the nucleon number of this isotope of P?
Isotope of P: Q
Nucleon number of isotope of P: y + 1
Isotope of P: Q
Nucleon number of isotope of P: x + y + 1
Isotope of P: R
Nucleon number of isotope of P: x + y + 1
Isotope of P: R
Nucleon number of isotope of P: x + 1
An iodine nucleus decays into a nucleus of Xe−131, a beta-minus particle and particle Y.
Which is a property of particle Y?
It has a lepton number of +1
It is an antiparticle
It is negatively charged
It experiences the strong interaction
23290Th is an unstable nuclide in a radioactive decay series. It decays by emitting an α particle. The next two nuclides in the series emit β− particles.
What nuclide is formed after these three decays have taken place?
Which sequence of radioactive emissions results in the formation of an isotope of the original element?
one α particle and one β− particle
one α particle and two β− particles
two α particles and one β− particle
two α particles and two β− particles
When a nucleus of the radioactive isotope 6528Ni decays, a β– particle and an electron antineutrino are emitted.
How many protons and neutrons are there in the resulting daughter nucleus?
Number of protons: 28
Number of neutrons: 65
Number of protons: 29
Number of neutrons: 65
Number of protons: 29
Number of neutrons: 36
Number of protons: 30
Number of neutrons: 35
23692U undergoes a series of decays to produce 20482Pb
How many alpha decays are involved in this decay series?
5
6
8
10
A radioactive nucleus emits a β–. particle then an α particle and finally another β–. particle. The final nuclide is
an isotope of the original element
the same element with a different proton number
a new element of higher proton number
a new element of lower nucleon number
A nucleus of a particular element decays, emitting a series of α and β− particles.
Which of the following series of emissions would result in an isotope of the original element?
1 α and 1 β−
1 α and 2 β−
2 α and 1 β−
2 α and 2 β−
Two gamma photons are produced when a muon and an antimuon annihilate each other.
What is the minimum frequency of the gamma radiation that could be produced?
2.55 × 1016 Hz
5.10 × 1016 Hz
2.55 × 1022 Hz
5.10 × 1022 Hz
Which graph best shows the relationship between photon energy E and wavelength λ of a photon of electromagnetic radiation?
Which of the following statements about muons is incorrect?
A muon is a lepton.
A muon has a greater mass than an electron.
If a muon and an electron each have the same de Broglie wavelength then they each have the same momentum.
A muon with the same momentum as an electron has a larger kinetic energy than the electron.
Which equation shows the process of annihilation?
π− + π → γ
β− + p → γ
γ + γ → β+ + β−
The partially completed diagram represents electron capture.
Which of the following identifies the exchange particle Q and the quark structure of particle R?
Particle Q: W–
Quark structure of particle R: uuu
Particle Q: W+
Quark structure of particle R: dud
Particle Q: W+
Quark structure of particle R: uuu
Particle Q: W–
Quark structure of particle R: dud
Which row shows the correct interactions experienced by a hadron or a lepton?
A
B
C
D
What interactions are involved in the production of a strange particle and its decay into non-strange particles?
Production: strong
Decay: weak
Production: strong
Decay: strong
Production: weak
Decay: strong
Production: weak
Decay: weak
Which diagram represents the process of beta-plus decay?
Which of the following does not give the correct exchange particle for the process?
Process: gravitational attraction
Exchange particle: W boson
Process: electrostatic repulsion of electrons
Exchange particle: virtual photon
Process: strong interaction
Exchange particle: pion
Process: β− decay
Exchange particle: W boson
When bombarded with an α particle the nuclide 2512Mg changes into another nuclide with the emission of a neutron and γ radiation.
What are the correct values for the nucleon number and proton number of the nuclide which is formed?
Nucleon number: 29
Proton number: 14
Nucleon number: 29
Proton number: 12
Nucleon number: 28
Proton number: 14
Nucleon number: 27
Proton number: 12
Which statement concerning the forces between particles is incorrect?
Leptons experience the weak interaction.
Leptons experience the strong interaction.
Hadrons experience the weak interaction.
Hadrons experience the strong interaction.
Electron capture can be represented by the following equation.
p + e– → X + Y
Which row correctly identifies X and Y?
X: p
Y: K–
X: e–
Y: e+
X: n
Y: Ve
X: n
Y: π0
The nucleus of 94Be captures a proton and emits an α particle. What is the product nucleus?
An electron collides with a neutral atom and ionizes it. Which of the following describes the particles present after the collision?
An electron and an excited atom.
An excited atom containing an excess electron.
Two electrons and a positive ion.
Two electrons and a neutral atom in the ground state.
Artificial radioactive nuclides are manufactured by placing naturally-occurring nuclides in a nuclear reactor. They are made radioactive in the reactor as a consequence of bombardment by
α particles.
β particles.
protons.
neutrons.
In a nuclear reaction 147N is bombarded by neutrons. This results in the capture of one neutron and the emission of one proton by one nucleus of 147N. The resulting nucleus is
The ∑0 baryon, composed of the quark combination uds, is produced through the strong interaction between a π+ meson and a neutron.
π+ + n → ∑0 + X
What is the quark composition of X?
us̅
ud
ud̅
uds̅
An iodine nucleus decays into a nucleus of Xe−131, a beta-minus particle and particle Y.
Which is a property of particle Y?
It has a lepton number of +1
It is an antiparticle
It is negatively charged
It experiences the strong interaction
Which line correctly classifies the particle shown?
A
B
C
D
What of the following is a hadron of zero charge?
neutrino
photon
proton
neutron
What are the numbers of hadrons, baryons and mesons in an atom of 73Li?
hadrons: 7
baryons: 3
mesons: 3
hadrons: 7
baryons: 4
mesons: 4
hadrons: 7
baryons: 7
mesons: 0
hadrons: 10
baryons: 7
mesons: 0
Which of the following is not true?
Each meson consists of a single quark and a single antiquark.
Each baryon consists of three quarks
The magnitude of the charge on every quark is ⅓
A particle consisting of a single quark has not been observed.
Which diagram represents the process of beta-plus decay?
Which of the following is not true?
Each meson consists of a single quark and a single antiquark.
Each baryon consists of three quarks.
The magnitude of the charge on every quark is ⅓
A particle consisting of a single quark has not been observed.
Which of the following is not made of quarks?
kaon
muon
neutron
pion
What is the quark structure for antiprotons?
u̅d̅
d̅d̅s̅
d̅d̅u̅
u̅u̅d̅
23692U undergoes a series of decays to produce 20482Pb.
How many alpha decays are involved in this decay series?
5
6
8
10
The partially completed diagram represents electron capture.
Which row identifies the exchange particle Q and the quark structure of particle R?
Particle Q: W–
Quark structure of particle R: uuu
Particle Q: W+
Quark structure of particle R: dud
Particle Q: W+
Quark structure of particle R: uuu
Particle Q: W-
Quark structure of particle R: dud
The decay of a neutral kaon K0 is given by the equation
K0 → X + Y + v̅e
What are X and Y?
e+ and e–
μ+ and e–
π+ and e–
π– and e+
Electron capture can be represented by the following equation.
p + e– → X + Y
Which row correctly identifies X and Y?
X: p
Y: K–
X: e–
Y: e+
X: n
Y: Ve
X: n
Y: π0
The graph shows how the maximum kinetic energy Ek of photoelectrons emitted from a metal surface varies with the reciprocal of the wavelength λ of the incident radiation.
What is the gradient of this graph?
c
h
hc
h/c
Photons of wavelength 290 nm are incident on a metal plate. The work function of the metal is 4.1 eV
What is the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons?
0.19 eV
4.3 eV
6.9 eV
8.4 eV
Which statement suggests that electrons have wave properties?
Electrons are emitted in photoelectric effect experiments.
Electrons are released when atoms are ionised.
Electrons produce dark rings in diffraction experiments.
Electron transitions in atoms produce line spectra.
When light of a certain frequency greater than the threshold frequency of a metal is directed at the metal, photoelectrons are emitted from the surface. The power of the light incident on the metal surface is doubled.
Which row shows the effect on the maximum kinetic energy and the number of photoelectrons emitted per second?
Maximum kinetic energy: remains unchanged
Number of photoelectrons emitted per second: remains unchanged
Maximum kinetic energy: doubles
Number of photoelectrons emitted per second: remains unchanged
Maximum kinetic energy: remains unchanged
Number of photoelectrons emitted per second: doubles
Maximum kinetic energy: doubles
Number of photoelectrons emitted per second: doubles
Line X on the graphs below shows how the maximum kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons varies with the frequency of incident radiation for a particular metal.
Which graph shows the results for a metal Y that has a higher work function than X?
A beam of light of wavelength λ is incident on a clean metal surface and photoelectrons are emitted. The wavelength of the light is halved but energy incident per second is kept the same.
Which row in the table is correct?
Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons: Increases
Number of photoelectrons emitted per second: Unchanged
Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons: Decreases
Number of photoelectrons emitted per second: Increases
Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons: Increases
Number of photoelectrons emitted per second: Decreases
Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons: Decreases
Number of photoelectrons emitted per second: Unchanged
In an experiment to demonstrate the photoelectric effect, a charged metal plate is illuminated with light from different sources. The plate loses its charge when an ultraviolet light source is used but not when a red light source is used.
What is the reason for this?
The intensity of the red light is too low.
The wavelength of the red light is too short.
The frequency of the red light is too high.
The energy of red light photons is too small.
Electromagnetic radiation incident on a metal surface can cause electrons to be emitted.
Which of the following statements is correct?
Every photon incident on the surface causes an electron to be emitted.
All the emitted electrons have the same energy.
The range of energy of the emitted electrons depends on the intensity of the radiation.
If the incident radiation is of a single frequency, the number of electrons emitted per second increases if the intensity of the radiation increases.
When comparing X-rays with UV radiation, which statement is correct?
X-rays have a lower frequency.
X-rays travel faster in a vacuum.
X-rays do not show diffraction and interference effects.
Using the same element, photoelectrons emitted using X-rays have the greater maximum kinetic energy.
Monochromatic radiation from a source of light (source A) is shone on to a metallic surface and electrons are emitted from the surface. When a second source (source B) is used no electrons are emitted from the metallic surface. Which property of the radiation from source A must be greater than that from source B?
amplitude
frequency
intensity
wavelength
In a photoelectric experiment, light is incident on the metal surface of a photocell. Increasing the intensity of the illumination at the surface leads to an increase in the
work function
minimum frequency at which electrons are emitted
current through the photocell
speed of the electrons
An atom in the inner coating of a fluorescent tube absorbs a photon of ultraviolet radiation. This causes excitation of the atom from its ground state. A photon of visible light is then emitted.
Which energy level diagram represents this process?
The diagram shows an energy-level diagram for a hydrogen atom.
Electrons, each having a kinetic energy of 2.0 × 10–18 J, collide with atoms of hydrogen in their ground state. Photons are emitted when the atoms de-excite.
How many different wavelengths can be observed with incident electrons of this energy?
1
3
6
7
An electron initially at rest is accelerated through a potential difference. It is then brought to rest in a collision, and all of its kinetic energy is converted into a single photon of electromagnetic radiation. Which one of the following quantities is not required to find a value for the wavelength of the photon?
The mass of the electron
The charge on the electron
The velocity of electromagnetic waves
The value of the potential difference
A particle of mass m has a kinetic energy of E.
What is the de Broglie wavelength of this particle?
A
B
C
D
Which row links both the photoelectric effect and electron diffraction to the properties of waves and particles?
A
B
C
D
Electrons moving in a beam have the same de Broglie wavelength as protons in a separate beam moving at a speed of 2.8 × 104 m s–1.
What is the speed of the electrons?
1.5 × 101 m s–1
2.8 × 104 m s–1
1.2 × 106 m s–1
5.1 × 107 m s–1
Which of the following statements about muons is incorrect?
A muon is a lepton.
A muon has a greater mass than an electron.
If a muon and an electron each have the same de Broglie wavelength then they each have the same momentum.
A muon with the same momentum as an electron has a larger kinetic energy than the electron.
Which of the following classes of electromagnetic waves will not ionise neutral atoms?
What is the reason for this?
ultraviolet
X radiation
gamma radiation
microwave
Experiments on which of the following suggested the wave nature of electrons?
electron diffraction by a crystalline material
β− decay
line spectra of atoms
the photoelectric effect
Which graph best shows the relationship between the momentum p and the wavelength λ for photons?
A
B
C
D
Electrons and protons in two beams are travelling at the same speed. The beams are diffracted by objects of the same size.
Which correctly compares the de Broglie wavelength λe of the electrons with the de Broglie wavelength λp of the protons and the width of the diffraction patterns that are produced by these beams?
A
B
C
D
The intensity of a monochromatic light source is increased. Which of the following is correct?
energy of emitted photon: increases
number of photons emitted per second: increases
energy of emitted photon: increases
number of photons emitted per second: unchanged
energy of emitted photon: unchanged
number of photons emitted per second: increases
energy of emitted photon: unchanged
number of photons emitted per second: unchanged
When comparing X-rays with UV radiation, which statement is correct?
X-rays have a lower frequency.
X-rays travel faster in a vacuum.
X-rays do not show diffraction and interference effects.
Using the same element, photoelectrons emitted using X-rays have the greater maximum kinetic energy.
An electron has a kinetic energy E and a de Broglie wavelength λ. The kinetic energy is increased to 4E. What is the new de Broglie wavelength?
λ/4
λ/2
λ
4λ
A proton moving with a speed ν has a de Broglie wavelength λ.
What is the de Broglie wavelength of an alpha particle moving at the same speed ν?
λ/4
λ
2λ
4λ
For which of the following relationships is the quantity y related to the quantity x by the relationship x ∝ 1/y
A
B
C
D
Which one of the graphs best represents the relationship between the energy W of a photon and the frequency f of the radiation?
A
B
C
D
An electron initially at rest is accelerated through a potential difference. It is then brought to rest in a collision, and all of its kinetic energy is converted into a single photon of electromagnetic radiation. Which one of the following quantities is not required to find a value for the wavelength of the photon?
The mass of the electron
The charge on the electron
The velocity of electromagnetic waves
The value of the potential difference
The diagram shows an energy-level diagram for a hydrogen atom.
Electrons, each having a kinetic energy of 2.0 × 10–18 J, collide with atoms of hydrogen in their ground state. Photons are emitted when the atoms de-excite.
How many different wavelengths can be observed with incident electrons of this energy?
1
3
6
7
Which statement suggests that electrons have wave properties?
Electrons are emitted in photoelectric effect experiments.
Electrons are released when atoms are ionised.
Electrons produce dark rings in diffraction experiments.
Electron transitions in atoms produce line spectra.
The diagram shows an energy level diagram for a hydrogen atom.
Electrons with energy 13.0 eV collide with atoms of hydrogen in their ground state.
What is the number of different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that could be emitted when the atoms de-excite?
0
3
6
7
The values of the lowest three energy levels in a particular atom are shown in the table. The diagram shows these levels together with the ground state of the atom.
When an electron moves from level 3 to level 1, radiation of frequency 6.2 × 1014 Hz is emitted.
What is the frequency of the radiation emitted when an electron moves from level 2 to level 1?
2.3 × 1014 Hz
3.5 × 1014 Hz
4.6 × 1014 Hz
8.3 × 1014 Hz
The diagram shows the four lowest energy levels for an electron in an atom. P, Q, R and S represent, to scale, the relative energy values of these energy levels.
An electron transition from level R to level Q is accompanied by the emission of a photon of visible light.
Which electron transition would be accompanied by the emission of a photon of infrared radiation?
S to R
S to Q
Q to P
R to P
The diagram gives some of the energy levels of a hydrogen atom.
The transition of an excited hydrogen atom from E3 to E1 causes a photon of visible light to be emitted.
Which transition causes a photon of ultraviolet light to be emitted?
E4 to E3
E3 to E2
E2 to E1
E1 to E0
The diagram drawn to scale shows some of the energy levels of an atom. Transition P results in the emission of a photon of wavelength 4 × 10–7 m.
Which one of the transitions A, B, C, or D could result in the emission of a photon of wavelength 8 × 10–7 m?
A
B
C
D
The diagram shows some of the energy levels for a hydrogen atom.
A free electron of kinetic energy 20.0 × 10–19 J collides with a hydrogen atom in its ground state. The hydrogen atom is excited from its ground state to the first excited state.
The kinetic energy of the free electron after the collision is
1.8 × 10–19 J
3.6 × 10–19 J
5.4 × 10–19 J
16.4 × 10–19 J
The diagram shows some energy levels of an atom.
The transition E3 to E1 corresponds to the emission of visible light.
A transition corresponding to the emission of infrared radiation could be
E1 to E0
E4 to E1
E1 to E2
E3 to E2
