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AP Bio Unit 8 Ecology

Total questions: 198

Worksheet time: 3hrs 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is an environmental influence on populations? (Select all that apply)

a)

density

b)

distribution

c)

age structure

2.
Which of the following best explains why there are seldom more than five trophic levels in a food chain?
a)
Most carnivores function at more than one trophic level
b)
Trophic levels about this numbers contain too many individuals
c)
Energy is lost from each trophic level
d)
The ecosystem contains too much biomass
3.
Which of the following is a primary consumer in this food web?
a)
Foxes
b)
Carrots
c)
Mice
d)
Owls
4.
Which point on the graph represents carrying capacity?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
5.
What types of organisms indicate primary succession is taking place?
a)
Trees and flowering plants
b)
Bears, deer, and rabbits
c)
moss, lichens, and insects
d)
grasses, shrubs, and birds
6.
What do decomposers (bacteria and fungi) do in an ecosystem?
a)
They return nutrients to the soil
b)
They take nutrients OUT of the soil
c)
They return energy to the soil
d)
They make energy
7.
Nitrogen Fixation is carried out by
a)
bacteria 
b)
plants
c)
herbivores
d)
mushrooms
8.
Since wind, water, and temperature are NOT living they are considered
a)
Abiotic Factors
b)
Biotic Factors
9.

If the larvae of a particular species of mosquito are to survive to the adult stage, the eggs must be laid in the trapped pool of water of the northern pitcher plant. The mosquito larvae provide no apparent benefit or harm to the pitcher plant. This type of interaction is an example of

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

competition

10.
A group of interbreeding individuals occupying the same area is best called
a)
community
b)
population
c)
ecosystem
d)
symbiotic relationship
11.
A species that exerts a large, positive impaction on its ecosystem is known as a:
a)
Keystone species
b)
Invasive species
c)
Indicator species
d)
Poached species
12.

Organisms with low birthrates and increased care of young, would follow which of the following survivorship curves?

a)

Type I

b)

Type II

c)

Type III

13.

The black rhinoceros is a mammal found in Africa. Weighing in at up to 1,350 kg, these rhinos can live roughly 35 years. Gestation in the black rhino lasts for 15-16 months, with calves staying under the mother’s parental care for up to four years.

Black rhinos have been hunted extensively by humans for their horns. Poaching pressure has reduced the black rhino population to an endangered level. Ongoing efforts are attempting to save the animal from extinction.


How can the black rhino survivorship strategy be categorized?

a)

K-selection, type I

b)

K-selection, type III

c)

r-selection, type I

d)

r-selection, type III

14.

In 1976, the dominant finch on Daphne Major in the Galapagos Islands was the medium ground finch, with a population of 1,200. In 1977, a drought struck the island negatively affecting most of the vegetation. As a result, the population of medium ground finch dropped to 180 due to starvation. In 1983, however, a large amount of rainfall fell on the island creating optimal conditions for vegetation. The medium ground finch population increased to 1,100. What type of factor affected medium ground finch populations in 1977 and 1983?

a)

Density independent

b)

Logistic

c)

Density dependent

d)

Biotic

15.

In 1976, the dominant finch on Daphne Major in the Galapagos Islands was the medium ground finch, with a population of 1,200. In 1977, a drought struck the island negatively affecting most of the vegetation. As a result, the population of medium ground finch dropped to 180 due to starvation. In 1983, however, a large amount of rainfall fell on the island creating optimal conditions for vegetation. The medium ground finch population increased to 1,100. After the rainfall of 1983, what type of population growth did the medium ground finch experience?

a)

Logistic

b)

Quantitative

c)

Exponential

d)

Abiotic

16.
Which letter shows the the exponential growth of a population?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
17.
Which point on the graph represents carrying capacity?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
18.
Refer to a population of 500 that experiences 55 births and 5 deaths during a one year period.
If the population maintains the current growth pattern, a plot of its growth would resemble which of the following?
a)
exponential growth
b)
fluctuating growth
c)
K-selected growth
d)
logistic growth
19.
__________ growth shows growth of a population under environmental constraints (carrying capacity-K) that sets a maximum population size 
a)
logistic
b)
exponential
c)
niche
d)
uniform
20.
These types of organisms which multiply rapidly in numbers 
a)
R-strategists
b)
K-strategists
c)
predators
d)
mutualists
21.
________ grow slowly over time, cares for its young over a long period of time and is usually near the carrying capacity of its ecosystem.
a)
K-strategists
b)
R-strategists
c)
Uniform strategists
d)
environmentalists
22.
Which of these populations is experiencing the fastest growth?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
23.
Which of these populations is most nearly experiencing zero population growth over the time period represented in the diagram?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
24.
Which of these populations is experiencing the effect of severe limiting factors.
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
25.
Refer to the diagram of the survivorship curve.
Which best describes an organism that fertilizes externally?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
this is not a survivorship curve
26.
Which of the following correctly describes the interactions between T. castaneum and the parasite.
a)
The parasite decreases the population density of beetles in each culture dish.
b)
The parasite increases the population density of beetles in each culture dish.
c)
The parasite has no effect on the population density of the beetles.
27.
Refer to the diagram of the survivorship curve.
Which curve best describes an organism that invests a lot of energy in parenting?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
this is not a survivorship curve
28.

A certain population of mice is growing exponentially. The growth rate of the population (r) is 2.0 and the current population size (N) is 2,500 individuals. How many mice are added to the population each year?

a)

1250

b)

2500

c)

500

d)

5000

29.

Researchers used the mark-recapture method to estimate the number of individuals in a population. Using the results presented in the table below, estimate the total number of individuals in the population. Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

a)

500

b)

665

c)

778

d)

889

30.

Researchers used the mark-recapture method to estimate the number of individuals in a population. Using the results presented in the table below, estimate the total number of individuals in the population. Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

a)

50

b)

250

c)

400

d)

450

31.

There are 300 falcons living in a certain forest at the beginning of 2013. Suppose that every year there are 50 falcons born and 30 falcons that die.


What is the population growth rate (include units)? Interpret the value.

a)

100

b)

50

c)

20

d)

10

32.

If a population has a carrying capacity (K) of 1000, and the growth rate (r) is 1.1, what is the population growth when the population (N) is 500?

a)

147

b)

227

c)

337

d)

1124

33.

If a population has a carrying capacity (K) of 1000, and the growth rate (r) is 1.05, what is the population growth when the population (N) is 500?

a)

263

b)

563

c)

456

d)

1142

34.
Interpret the graph to correctly complete the following statement.  When the lynx population increases _ 
a)
the hare population increases.
b)
the hare population decreases
c)
the hare population stays the same.
35.

Which type of community is more resilient to chance?

a)

Less diversity & fewer parts

b)

Lass diversity & more parts

c)

More diversity & fewer points

d)

More diversity & more parts

36.

Keystone species have a…

a)

Disproportionate affect relative to abundance

b)

Proportionate affect relative to abundance

37.

What happens if a keystone species is removed…

a)

Community becomes more diverse

b)

Ecosystem collapses

c)

No effect due to minor role

d)

Population becomes less diverse

38.

Which of these does not contribute to maintain diversity?

a)

Decomposer

b)

Essential abiotic/biotic factor

c)

Keystone species

d)

Producer

39.

What type of environment is resistant to change?

a)

Low diversity, low component parts

b)

High diversity, low component parts

c)

Low diversity, high component parts

d)

High diversity, high component parts

40.

If the keystone species is removed what happens?

a)

Their predator population increases

b)

Their predator population decreases

c)

The ecosystem collapses

d)

The ecosystem stabilizes

41.

Abiotic factors

a)

Factor that causes living organism to die

b)

Factor that causes living  organisms to reproduce

c)

Living factor

d)

Nonliving factor

42.

Predators are an example of

a)

Abiotic factors

b)

Biotic factors

43.

What happens if sea otters decrease?

a)

Sea urchins increase, kelp increases

b)

Sea urchins decrease, kelp increases

c)

Sea urchins increase, kelp decreases

d)

Sea urchins decrease, kelp decreases

44.
A tapeworm and a cat have this type of relationship.
a)
mutualism
b)
parasitism
c)
commensalism
d)
competition
45.

Type of symbiosis: Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers. The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

predation

46.

Type of symbiosis: Skunks often live in burrows that have been dug and abandoned by woodchucks.

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

predation

47.

Bird & Tree: A bird builds a nest in a hole in the trunk of the tree. It is protected from the rain and predators. The tree is not harmed or helped by the bird.

a)

Mutualism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Parasitism

d)

Competition

48.
A human & a Tape Worm: The tape worm gets a place to live in the intestines of the human and food from the human. The human loses weight and nutrients from the tape worm.
a)
Mutualism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Parasitism
49.
Bees use flower nectar for food, and they carry flower pollen to other flowers, allowing the flower to reproduce.
a)
Mutualism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Parasitism
50.
Starfish are probably the most important predator in the shallow ecosystem because they eat basically anything that they can come across. Their feeding activities control the whole ecosystem. This is an example of the starfish ___.
a)
habitat
b)
biotic factors
c)
tolerance level
d)
niche
51.
Tree kangaroos live in the upper branches of trees in the rainforests of Queensland, as well as on the island of New Guinea. This is an example of the tree kangaroos ___.
a)
niche
b)
habitat
c)
community
d)
population
52.
A relationship in which two species live closely together.
a)
resource
b)
mutualism
c)
succession
d)
symbiosis
53.
What is the name of an animal that is hunted and eaten by other animals?
a)
producer
b)
prey
c)
predator
d)
decomposer
54.

What level of ecological organization would include all squirrels that live in the same area?

a)

biome

b)

community

c)

ecosystem

d)

population

55.
All the different populations that live together in an area make up a(n)
a)
community.
b)
ecosystem.
c)
organism.
d)
species.
56.
Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they
a)
have different habitats within the tree.
b)
don’t eat food from the tree.
c)
occupy different niches within the tree.
d)
can find different temperatures within the tree.
57.

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed and another benefits is

a)

mutualism

b)

parasitism.

c)

commensalism.

d)

predation.

58.
Is a concentrated area with abundant populations of one plant, animal or other living organism (where something lives)
a)
Habitat
b)
Niche
c)
Ecosystem
d)
Ecology
59.
Are unique relationships developed over time by organisms needing to adapt to  various ecosystems within their habitat
a)
Habitat
b)
Niche
c)
Ecosystem
d)
Ecology
60.
All of the following statements concerning characteristics of predator-prey relationship are correct EXCEPT:
a)
Camouflage is an adaptation that protects prey.
b)
A rise in the population of predators is followed by a decreased in the population of prey.
c)
A rise in the population of prey is often followed by a rise in the population of predators.
d)
The population of predators most often eliminates the population of prey
61.
When two species of cattails are grown together, they grow at different water depths and coexist.  When grown alone, they grow at similar water depths.  Which of the following is best demonstrated by the data?
a)
natural selection
b)
character displacement
c)
resource partitioning
d)
ecological succession
62.
Many poisonous animals are brightly colored (red or orange) as a warning to predators.  The special coloration is called
a)
Mullerian mimicry
b)
Batesian mimicry
c)
aposematic coloration 
d)
mutualistic coloration
63.
Which of the following represents several species of brightly colored, harmless snakes looking like poisonous coral snakes?
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
batesian mimicry
d)
mullerian mimicry
64.
Which of the following represents several species of poisonous snakes bearing bright colors of red, black, and yellow?
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
batesian mimicry
d)
mullerian mimicry
65.

Non-living factors such as temperature and humidity are also referred to as (a)   factors

66.

Which of the following is not a biotic factor?

a)

Competition

b)

Predation

c)

Soil Nutrient Availability

d)

Herbivory from insects

67.

What type of distribution is this?

a)

Uniform

b)

Random

c)

Clumped

68.

Elephants have few, energetically costly offspring and do a lot of parenting. They likely have a type ____ survivorship curve

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

18

69.

Draw an animal whose range you would expect to be limited by dispersal

70.

What was the major criticism of the Miller-Urey Experiment?

4 lines
71.

What do we call naturally occurring lipid vesicles that may have functioned as a predecessor to living things

(a)  

72.

Which is not one of the 3 shapes of bacteria

a)

Cocci

b)

Spirilla

c)

Bacilli

d)

rhombi

73.

What is this bacterium doing!?!

a)

Conjugation

b)

Meiosis

c)

Phagocytosis

d)

Binary Fission

74.

What is the purpose of Gram Staining?

4 lines
75.

The process where life comes from non-living things, such as mud and horse hair, is referred to as ___________ __________

(a)  

76.

Which is favorable for long distance in dark?

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

77.

Which is favorable for long distance underwater?

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

78.

Peacocks are brightly colored to attract a mate. Which does peacock use for mating?

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

79.

Birds sing a song to attract a mate. Which does a bird use in mating?

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

80.

Which signal is used by dogs for marking territory?

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

81.

Innate vs. Learned Behaviors?

a)

Innate is trial/error & learned is born

b)

Innate is born & learned is trial/error

c)

Innate is taught by imprinting & learned is trial/error

d)

Innate is trial/error & learned is taught by imprinting

82.

What is altruism?

a)

Behavior to increase fitness of self

b)

Behavior to find food

c)

Selfless behavior that increases fitness of population

d)

Selfless behavior to feed another member to population

83.

Where a stimulus affects behavior (ex. bell ringing)

a)

Classical conditioning

b)

Conditional learning

c)

Imprinting

d)

Operant conditioning

84.

Behavior affected by negative or positive outcomes

a)

Classical conditioning

b)

Conditional learning

c)

Imprinting

d)

Operant conditioning

85.

A sensitive period where organism learns from parent

a)

Classical conditioning

b)

Conditional learning

c)

Imprinting

d)

Operant conditioning

86.

Mating Calls

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

87.

Pheromone trail that ants follow to find food source

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

88.

Mating Dance

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

89.

Innate behaviors are

a)

Associated arbitrary stimulus

b)

Inborn

c)

Learning through observations

d)

Trial and Error

90.

Learning response to arbitrary stimulus

a)

Classical conditioning

b)

Imprinting

c)

Innate behavior

d)

Operant conditioning

91.

Chick a dee learns if it pecks at milk carton, it will get milk

a)

Classical conditioning

b)

Imprinting

c)

Innate behavior

d)

Operant conditioning

92.

Which type of community is more resilient to chance?

a)

Less diversity & fewer parts

b)

Lass diversity & more parts

c)

More diversity & fewer points

d)

More diversity & more parts

93.

Keystone species have a…

a)

Disproportionate affect relative to abundance

b)

Proportionate affect relative to abundance

94.

What happens if a keystone species is removed…

a)

Community becomes more diverse

b)

Ecosystem collapses

c)

No effect due to minor role

d)

Population becomes less diverse

95.

Which of these does not contribute to maintain diversity?

a)

Decomposer

b)

Essential abiotic/biotic factor

c)

Keystone species

d)

Producer

96.

What type of environment is resistant to change?

a)

Low diversity, low component parts

b)

High diversity, low component parts

c)

Low diversity, high component parts

d)

High diversity, high component parts

97.

If the keystone species is removed what happens?

a)

Their predator population increases

b)

Their predator population decreases

c)

The ecosystem collapses

d)

The ecosystem stabilizes

98.

Abiotic factors

a)

Factor that causes living organism to die

b)

Factor that causes living  organisms to reproduce

c)

Living factor

d)

Nonliving factor

99.

Predators are an example of

a)

Abiotic factors

b)

Biotic factors

100.

What happens if sea otters decrease?

a)

Sea urchins increase, kelp increases

b)

Sea urchins decrease, kelp increases

c)

Sea urchins increase, kelp decreases

d)

Sea urchins decrease, kelp decreases

101.

Warm-blooded organisms are actually…

a)

Ectotherms

b)

Endotherms

102.

Where do endotherms get their body heat from?

a)

Cellular Respiration

b)

Environment

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Thermophiles

103.

“Cold-Blooded” organisms have cold-blood…

a)

True

b)

Falseo

104.

“Cold-Blooded” organisms are…

a)

Ectotherms

b)

Endotherms

105.

Where do ectotherms get their body heat from?

a)

Cellular Respiration

b)

Environment

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Thermophiles

106.

Assuming the same size of organisms, at cooler temperatures, who would have a higher O2 consumption?

a)

Ectotherms

b)

Endotherms

107.

The smaller the organism, the ____ the metabolic rate.

a)

Higher

b)

Lower

108.

Net gain of energy by organism causes…

a)

Decay & Energy Storage

b)

Gain of Mass & Death

c)

Growth & Energy Storage

d)

Loss of Mass & Death

109.

Net loss of energy results in…

a)

Decay & Energy Storage

b)

Gain of Mass & Death

c)

Growth & Energy Storage

d)

Loss of Mass & Death

110.

What property of water allows for cooling from sweat?

a)

Adhesion

b)

Cohesion

c)

High Heat of vaporization

d)

Less dense as solid

111.

Goosebumps are a vestigial structure to keep warm.

a)

True

b)

False

112.

A reduction in ___ would cause a decrease in entire chain.

a)

Decomposer

b)

Primary Consumer

c)

Primary Producer

d)

Sunlight

113.

When you control producer level, what type of model does this describe?

a)

Bottom-Up Model

b)

Top-Down Model

114.

What are all secondary consumers?

a)

Carnivores

b)

Decomposer

c)

Herbivore

d)

Producer

115.

Where do photosynthetic organisms get most of their energy?

a)

Inorganic molecules

b)

Moonlight

c)

Organic molecules

d)

Sunlight

116.

Where do chemosynthetic organisms get most of their energy?

a)

Inorganic molecules

b)

Moonlight

c)

Organic molecules

d)

Sunlight

117.

What can heterotrophs not metabolize for energy?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

Proteins

118.

Which stores the most energy per molecule?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

Proteins

119.

Fun Fact: Where do lipids enter cellular respiration pathway?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Krebs Cycle

c)

Electron Transport

d)

Chemiosmosis

120.

What is an endotherm?

a)

Organism generates heat by metabolism

b)

Organism generates heat by basking in sun

c)

Organism that releases heat

d)

Organism that absorbs heat

121.

What is an ectotherm?

a)

Organism that generates heat by performing metabolism

b)

Organism that uses external sources of heat

c)

Organism that releases heat to warm the organism

d)

Organism that absorbs heat to cool the organism

122.

Which organism requires more food at the same temperature?

a)

Ectotherm

b)

Endotherm

123.

Which organism consumes more oxygen at cooler temperatures?

a)

Ectotherm

b)

Endotherm

124.

How does metabolic rate compare to size of organism?

a)

Smaller the organism, the higher the metabolic rate

b)

Larger the organism, the higher the metabolic rate

125.

If a secondary consumer population decreases, what would happen to the producers?

a)

Decrease

b)

Increase

c)

Stay the Same

126.

What is an autotroph?

a)

Produces its own food stored in organic compounds

b)

Produces its own energy from metabolic reactions

c)

Produces its own ATP from feeding on lower trophics levels

d)

Produces its own light energy from chemical reactions

127.

How does chemoautotroph differ from photoautotroph?

a)

Chemoautotroph makes food from sunlight

b)

Photoautotroph makes the food from sunlight (solar energy)

c)

Chemoautotroph makes the food with decomposing detritus

d)

Photoautotroph makes the food from decomposing detritus

128.

Oxygen is required by the photosynthesis process

a)

True

b)

False

129.

Plants require oxygen.

a)

True

b)

False

130.

Plants have a mitochondria.

a)

True

b)

False

131.

What is a heterotroph?

a)

Organism that must consume organic molecules for light.

b)

Organism that breaks down organic molecules for energy.

132.

Which is favorable for long distance in dark?

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

133.

Which is favorable for long distance underwater?

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

134.

Peacocks are brightly colored to attract a mate. Which does peacock use for mating?

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

135.

Birds sing a song to attract a mate. Which does a bird use in mating?

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

136.

Which signal is used by dogs for marking territory?

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

137.

Innate vs. Learned Behaviors?

a)

Innate is trial/error & learned is born

b)

Innate is born & learned is trial/error

c)

Innate is taught by imprinting & learned is trial/error

d)

Innate is trial/error & learned is taught by imprinting

138.

What is altruism?

a)

Behavior to increase fitness of self

b)

Behavior to find food

c)

Selfless behavior that increases fitness of population

d)

Selfless behavior to feed another member to population

139.

Where a stimulus affects behavior (ex. bell ringing)

a)

Classical conditioning

b)

Conditional learning

c)

Imprinting

d)

Operant conditioning

140.

Behavior affected by negative or positive outcomes

a)

Classical conditioning

b)

Conditional learning

c)

Imprinting

d)

Operant conditioning

141.

A sensitive period where organism learns from parent

a)

Classical conditioning

b)

Conditional learning

c)

Imprinting

d)

Operant conditioning

142.

Mating Calls

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

143.

Pheromone trail that ants follow to find food source

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

144.

Mating Dance

a)

Auditory

b)

Chemical

c)

Tactile

d)

Visual

145.

Innate behaviors are

a)

Associated arbitrary stimulus

b)

Inborn

c)

Learning through observations

d)

Trial and Error

146.

Learning response to arbitrary stimulus

a)

Classical conditioning

b)

Imprinting

c)

Innate behavior

d)

Operant conditioning

147.

Chick a dee learns if it pecks at milk carton, it will get milk

a)

Classical conditioning

b)

Imprinting

c)

Innate behavior

d)

Operant conditioning

148.

Which variable represents carrying capacity?

a)

dN/dt

b)

N

c)

K

d)

r

149.

As K approaches N, what happened to the dN/dt?

a)

Decreases, then increases

b)

Decreases, then remains constant

c)

Increases, then decreases

d)

Increases, then remains constant

150.

When is dN/dt = 0?

a)

N < K

b)

N > K

c)

N = K

151.

Which type of factor is an earthquake?

a)

Density dependent

b)

Density independent

152.

Which type of factor is a disease?

a)

Density dependent

b)

Density independent

153.

If N = 500, K = 250, and r = 0.01, solve for dN/dt?

a)

-500

b)

-50

c)

50

d)

500

154.

Which of the following does not represent density?

a)

Number of bacteria in a 10 mL of nutrient media

b)

Number of elephants in 1 acre of savanna

c)

Number of offspring in each generation

d)

Number of fish in a square mile

155.

What happens to the growth rate as population size approaches carrying capacity?

a)

Decreases

b)

Increases

c)

Stay the Same

156.

How do density dependent factors affect growth rate?

a)

As population size increases, growth rate decreases

b)

As population size increases, growth rate increases

c)

As population size increases, growth rate stays the same

157.

How do density independent factors affect growth rate?

a)

As population size increases, growth rate decreases

b)

As population size increases, growth rate increases

c)

As population size increases, growth rate stays the same

158.

Disease

a)

Density dependent factor

b)

Density independent factor

159.

Landslide

a)

Density dependent factor

b)

Density independent factor

160.

An adaptation is…

a)

Favored by selection and provides no advantage in environment

b)

Favored by selection and provides advantage in environment

c)

Not favored by selection and provides no advantage in environment

d)

Not favored by selection and provides advantage in environment

161.

What is a mutation?

a)

Change in amino acid sequence

b)

Change in cell types

c)

Change in DNA

d)

Change in polypeptide

162.

When the mutation allows the organism to better match its environment?

a)

Adaptations

b)

Carrying capacity

c)

Conformer

d)

Imprinting

163.

Why are invasive species “favorable”?

a)

No natural predators

b)

Unlimited resources

c)

Uncontrolled growths

d)

All of the above

164.

Which population growth curve do invasive species have?

a)

C shape

b)

J shape

c)

S shape

d)

W shape

165.

Invasive species can out compete native species.

a)

True

b)

False

166.
A tapeworm and a cat have this type of relationship.
a)
mutualism
b)
parasitism
c)
commensalism
d)
competition
167.

Type of symbiosis: Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers. The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

predation

168.

Type of symbiosis: Skunks often live in burrows that have been dug and abandoned by woodchucks.

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

predation

169.
Starfish are probably the most important predator in the shallow ecosystem because they eat basically anything that they can come across. Their feeding activities control the whole ecosystem. This is an example of the starfish ___.
a)
habitat
b)
biotic factors
c)
tolerance level
d)
niche
170.

What level of ecological organization would include all squirrels that live in the same area?

a)

biome

b)

community

c)

ecosystem

d)

population

171.
Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they
a)
have different habitats within the tree.
b)
don’t eat food from the tree.
c)
occupy different niches within the tree.
d)
can find different temperatures within the tree.
172.
When two species of cattails are grown together, they grow at different water depths and coexist.  When grown alone, they grow at similar water depths.  Which of the following is best demonstrated by the data?
a)
natural selection
b)
character displacement
c)
resource partitioning
d)
ecological succession
173.
Many poisonous animals are brightly colored (red or orange) as a warning to predators.  The special coloration is called
a)
Mullerian mimicry
b)
Batesian mimicry
c)
aposematic coloration 
d)
mutualistic coloration
174.
Which of the following represents several species of brightly colored, harmless snakes looking like poisonous coral snakes?
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
batesian mimicry
d)
mullerian mimicry
175.
Which of the following represents several species of poisonous snakes bearing bright colors of red, black, and yellow?
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
batesian mimicry
d)
mullerian mimicry
176.

Exponential growth

a)

j-curve

b)

s-curve

177.

Predation, space/territory, disease are examples of:

a)

density dependent limiting factors

b)

density independent limiting factors

178.

What type of distribution is this?

a)

Uniform

b)

Random

c)

Clumped

179.

Which biome is characterized by seasonal changes in temperature (low to high) with medium to high precipitation and dominated by hard wood trees?

a)

Tropical Rainforest

b)

Taiga

c)

Temperate Deciduous Forest

d)

Grassland

e)

Desert

180.

What trophic level(s) does the Thrush (bird on the right side) belong to?

a)

Producer

b)

Primary Consumer

c)

Secondary Consumer

d)

Higher-Level Consumer

181.

Here is a sample food chain, Flower -> Goat -> Wolf. If there are 2,000 calories of flower eaten by the goat and then the goat is eaten by the wolf, how many of those calories will be in the wolf?

a)

2,000

b)

1,000

c)

500

d)

200

e)

20

182.

The removal of sea otters led to the crash of the entire community. How would you classify the sea otter?

a)

Keystone species

b)

Autotroph

c)

Detrivore

d)

Abiotic

183.

In the woods, there are hawks and robins. They both try to occupy the same niche by competing for worms as the only source of food in that same area at that same time. The hawks outcompete the robins, and the robins are forced to leave that area. This is an example of:

a)

Mutualism

b)

The competitive exclusion principle

c)

Commensalism

d)

Neutralism

184.

In an ecosystem, there are populations of deer, rabbits, grass, and pine trees. Suddenly, a fire blazes through the area, which kills all of the populations. As the months go on, new species of grass begin to take root. This attracts animals, and eventually the ecosystem is restored.


What type of ecological succession happened?

a)

Primary succession because it started with rocks.

b)

Primary succession because there was soil to begin with, and plants existed before the disaster.

c)

Secondary succession because it started with rocks.

d)

Secondary succession because there was soil to begin with, and plants existed before the disaster.

185.

In this photo, two lions are fighting for a resource. What type of competition is this?

a)

Interspecific competition

b)

Intraspecific competition

c)

Machismo

d)

Competitive exclusion principle

186.
According to the population pyramid of this country, its population is most likely...
a)
growing slowly.
b)
growing rapidly.
c)
decreasing.
d)
not changing.
187.
The maximum population size of a species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water and other necessities available in the environment.
a)
sparse population
b)
environmental
c)
carrying capacity
d)
dense population
188.
The average number of people living in a square kilometer is called...
a)
urbanization. 
b)
internal migration. 
c)
population density. 
d)
pull factors. 
189.

Name the type of pyramid in the picture.

a)

slow growth

b)

rapid growth

c)

zero growth

d)

negative growth

190.
What type of growth is shown in the diagram?
a)
exponential growth
b)
logistic growth 
c)
predator-prey cycle
d)
boom-bust curve
191.
What three factors can affect ANY population's growth rate?
a)
Birthrate, death rate, migration
b)
disease, predation, migration
c)
medicine, agriculture, industry
d)
life expectancy, sanitation, vaccines
192.

How would this population pyramid of Germany in 2015 be described?

a)

Positive growth

b)

Stable growth

c)

Negative growth

193.

How would the population growth of the United States in 2010 be described based on this population pyramid?

a)

Positive growth

b)

Stable growth

c)

Negative growth

194.

During which day did this population reach carrying capacity?

a)

Day 2

b)

Day 11

c)

Day 23

d)

Day 35

195.

What is the carrying capacity of the beetle population?

a)

3

b)

5

c)

7

d)

9

196.

What type of population growth does this graph show?

a)

Logistic Growth

b)

Exponential Growth

c)

R-Selected Species

d)

Immigration

197.

Stable conditions allow for this type of species to grow.

a)

R-Selected

b)

K-Selected

198.

THESE SPECIES ONLY MAKE A FEW BABIES IN THEIR LIFETIME AND THEY INVEST IN THEM HEAVILY...

a)

K-SELECTED

b)

R-SELECTED

c)

P-SELECTED

d)

Z-SELECTED

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