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WorksheetsPrelim Physiology Review
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 23mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following best defines homeostasis?
a)
A state where all physiological variables remain constant
b)
The process of maintaining a stable internal environment
c)
The ability of an organism to adapt to any external change
d)
A state of dynamic disequilibrium
2.
Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes?
a)
Nervous system
b)
Digestive system
c)
Cardiovascular system
d)
Respiratory system
3.
Which level of structural organization is immediately higher than the cellular level?
a)
Chemical
b)
Organ
c)
Organ system
d)
Tissue
4.
Which type of feedback mechanism is involved in blood clotting?
a)
Negative feedback
b)
Positive feedback
c)
Neutral feedback
d)
Homeostatic balance
5.
The smallest functional unit of life is the:
a)
Atom
b)
Molecule
c)
Cell
d)
Tissue
6.
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
a)
Regulate metabolism
b)
Provide structural support
c)
Protect against external harm
d)
Facilitate gas exchange
7.
Which term describes the ability of an organism to sense changes in its environment and react accordingly?
a)
Metabolism
b)
Responsiveness
c)
Differentiation
d)
Homeostasis
8.
Which body cavity contains the heart and lungs?
a)
Abdominal cavity
b)
Thoracic cavity
c)
Pelvic cavity
d)
Cranial cavity
9.
Which type of membrane lines body cavities that open to the exterior?
a)
Serous membrane
b)
Synovial membrane
c)
Mucous membrane
d)
Cutaneous membrane
10.
What is the main purpose of negative feedback mechanisms?
a)
To amplify the original stimulus
b)
To maintain homeostasis by reducing deviations
c)
To eliminate physiological variables
d)
To trigger an immediate immune response
11.
Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP?
a)
Mitochondrion
b)
Nucleus
c)
Ribosome
d)
Endoplasmic reticulum
12.
Which structure controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the cell?
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Nucleus
c)
Cell membrane
d)
Golgi apparatus
13.
What is the function of ribosomes in the cell?
a)
Protein synthesis
b)
Lipid synthesis
c)
Energy production
d)
Detoxification
14.
Which part of the cell contains the genetic material?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Mitochondrion
c)
Golgi apparatus
d)
Lysosome
15.
Which organelle is involved in protein modification and sorting?
a)
Golgi apparatus
b)
Nucleus
c)
Mitochondrion
d)
Endoplasmic reticulum
16.
What is the role of lysosomes in the cell?
a)
Digest cellular waste
b)
Produce energy
c)
Synthesize proteins
d)
Store genetic material
17.
Which structure provides structural support and shape to the cell?
a)
Cytoskeleton
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Nucleus
d)
Endoplasmic reticulum
18.
Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
a)
Synthesis of lipids
b)
Protein synthesis
c)
Energy production
d)
Detoxification
19.
What is the main function of the cell membrane’s phospholipid bilayer?
a)
To provide structural support
b)
To allow selective permeability
c)
To store genetic material
d)
To produce proteins
20.
Which of the following organelles is involved in cellular respiration?
a)
Mitochondrion
b)
Ribosome
c)
Golgi apparatus
d)
Lysosome
21.
What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump?
a)
Transport glucose across the membrane
b)
Pump sodium ions out and potassium ions in
c)
Facilitate the diffusion of water
d)
Assist in protein synthesis
22.
Which type of transport does not require energy?
a)
Active transport
b)
Facilitated diffusion
c)
Endocytosis
d)
Exocytosis
23.
What is the primary characteristic of active transport?
a)
Movement with the concentration gradient
b)
Movement against the concentration gradient
c)
Requires vesicles for transport
d)
Does not require a carrier protein
24.
Which of the following substances would most likely pass through the cell membrane via simple diffusion?
a)
Glucose
b)
Sodium ions
c)
Amino acids
d)
Oxygen
25.
What is the function of aquaporins in the cell membrane?
a)
Provide structural support
b)
Act as receptors for signaling molecules
c)
Facilitate the movement of water
d)
Transport ions
26.
What is the process called when the cell membrane engulfs large particles to bring them into the cell?
a)
Phagocytosis
b)
Pinocytosis
c)
Facilitated diffusion
d)
Osmosis
27.
What does osmosis refer to?
a)
The movement of glucose across a membrane
b)
The transport of ions by ATP
c)
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
d)
The process of endocytosis
28.
Which transport mechanism involves the cell expelling substances through vesicles?
a)
Diffusion
b)
Exocytosis
c)
Active transport
d)
Endocytosis
29.
Which of the following is a characteristic of facilitated diffusion?
a)
Involves the use of vesicles
b)
Moves against the concentration gradient
c)
Requires ATP
d)
Requires a carrier protein
30.
What is the main difference between passive and active transport?
a)
Passive transport requires a carrier protein, while active does not
b)
Active transport moves substances with the concentration gradient, passive against it
c)
Active transport requires energy, while passive does not
d)
Passive transport uses vesicles, while active does not
31.
Which ion is crucial for muscle contraction?
a)
Calcium
b)
Sodium
c)
Potassium
d)
Chloride
32.
What is the function of troponin in muscle contraction?
a)
To store calcium ions
b)
To block the binding site on actin
c)
To break down ATP
d)
To transport sodium ions
33.
What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?
a)
To release calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
b)
To detach myosin heads from actin
c)
To transport sodium across the membrane
d)
To maintain the resting membrane potential
34.
Where does calcium come from in muscle cells?
a)
Extracellular fluid
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
d)
Nucleus
35.
Which protein forms the thick filaments in muscle fibers?
a)
Actin
b)
Myosin
c)
Tropomyosin
d)
Troponin
36.
What is the first event that triggers muscle contraction?
a)
Calcium binds to troponin
b)
ATP is hydrolyzed by myosin
c)
An action potential travels down the motor neuron
d)
The muscle fibers shorten
37.
What is the role of tropomyosin in muscle contraction?
a)
To bind to actin and prevent its interaction with myosin
b)
To transport calcium to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
c)
To store ATP for muscle contraction
d)
To break down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft
38.
What occurs during the power stroke in muscle contraction?
a)
Myosin head detaches from actin
b)
Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments
c)
Calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
d)
ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and phosphate
39.
What is the resting potential of a muscle fiber?
a)
-70 mV
b)
-90 mV
c)
-85 mV
d)
+30 mV
40.
Which part of the muscle fiber stores calcium ions?
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
c)
Golgi apparatus
d)
Nucleus
41.
What ion is primarily responsible for the resting membrane potential?
a)
Sodium
b)
Potassium
c)
Calcium
d)
Chloride
42.
Which of the following occurs during depolarization?
a)
Potassium ions flow out of the cell
b)
Sodium ions flow into the cell
c)
Calcium ions flow out of the cell
d)
Chloride ions flow into the cell
43.
What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining resting membrane potential?
a)
It pumps sodium into the cell and potassium out
b)
It pumps sodium out of the cell and potassium in
c)
It pumps calcium into the cell
d)
It pumps chloride out of the cell
44.
What is the threshold potential necessary to trigger an action potential?
a)
-70 mV
b)
-50 mV
c)
-55 mV
d)
-40 mV
45.
What happens during repolarization?
a)
Sodium ions flow into the cell
b)
Potassium ions flow out of the cell
c)
Calcium ions flow into the cell
d)
Chloride ions flow out of the cell
46.
Which phase of the action potential is characterized by a rapid influx of sodium ions?
a)
Depolarization
b)
Repolarization
c)
Hyperpolarization
d)
Resting potential
47.
What happens during hyperpolarization?
a)
The membrane potential becomes more negative
b)
The membrane potential returns to resting levels
c)
The cell becomes depolarized
d)
Sodium ion concentration increases inside the cell
48.
What is the typical value of the resting membrane potential in neurons?
a)
-50 mV
b)
-65 mV
c)
-70 mV
d)
-90 mV
49.
Which ion channels open during the depolarization phase of the action potential?
a)
Sodium channels
b)
Potassium channels
c)
Calcium channels
d)
Chloride channels
50.
What is the purpose of the refractory period in action potential propagation?
a)
To allow calcium ions to enter the cell
b)
To prevent the action potential from traveling backward
c)
To restore the resting membrane potential
d)
To allow sodium ions to accumulate in the cell
51.
What is the largest water compartment in the human body?
a)
Intracellular fluid
b)
Plasma
c)
Interstitial fluid
d)
Lymph
52.
Which of the following is the primary function of the interstitial fluid?
a)
To store nutrients for the cells
b)
To transport oxygen to cells
c)
To facilitate nutrient exchange between blood and cells
d)
To store waste products
53.
What percentage of total body water is found in the extracellular fluid?
a)
0.1
b)
0.2
c)
0.4
d)
0.6
54.
Which fluid compartment is directly involved in nutrient and gas exchange in tissues?
a)
Intracellular fluid
b)
Plasma
c)
Interstitial fluid
d)
Lymph
55.
Which fluid compartment makes up about 5% of total body weight in a normal adult?
a)
Plasma
b)
Intracellular fluid
c)
Interstitial fluid
d)
Lymph
56.
What is the approximate amount of total body water in a healthy adult male?
a)
0.25
b)
0.4
c)
0.6
d)
0.75
57.
Which of the following is a characteristic of intracellular fluid?
a)
Rich in sodium and chloride ions
b)
Low in potassium ions
c)
Rich in potassium and phosphate ions
d)
Rich in calcium ions
58.
Which of the following is true about the plasma compartment of extracellular fluid?
a)
It is high in protein content
b)
It is rich in potassium ions
c)
It contains only water
d)
It contains no dissolved gases
59.
How is water primarily exchanged between the intracellular and extracellular compartments?
a)
By active transport mechanisms
b)
Through the lymphatic system
c)
By osmosis
d)
By filtration
60.
What role does the lymph fluid play in water compartment distribution?
a)
It transports nutrients to the cells
b)
It maintains osmotic pressure in the blood
c)
It transports waste products from the tissues
d)
It returns excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream
61.
What is the primary function of ATP in cells?
a)
To store genetic information
b)
To provide energy for cellular processes
c)
To aid in protein synthesis
d)
To transport molecules across membranes
62.
Which of the following processes generates the most ATP?
a)
Glycolysis
b)
Citric acid cycle
c)
Oxidative phosphorylation
d)
Fermentation
63.
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Cytoplasm
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Endoplasmic reticulum
64.
Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
a)
Oxygen
b)
Carbon dioxide
c)
NAD+
d)
ATP
65.
Which of the following is produced during fermentation in muscle cells?
a)
Lactic acid
b)
Carbon dioxide
c)
Pyruvate
d)
Acetyl-CoA
66.
What is the function of NADH in cellular respiration?
a)
To donate electrons to the electron transport chain
b)
To store glucose for later use
c)
To act as a buffer for hydrogen ions
d)
To produce ATP in glycolysis
67.
In which part of the mitochondria does the citric acid cycle occur?
a)
Outer membrane
b)
Inner membrane
c)
Matrix
d)
Intermembrane space
68.
Which molecule is directly involved in the process of oxidative phosphorylation?
a)
NADH
b)
Glucose
c)
FADH2
d)
Oxygen
69.
How many ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
4
d)
6
70.
What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
a)
To break down glucose into pyruvate
b)
To generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis
c)
To convert oxygen into carbon dioxide
d)
To convert ADP into ATP directly
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