Also known as double sugars

Single sugars

Complex carbohydrates

Polysaccharides

Starch

Cellulose

Glycogen

Chitin

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O)

Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Phosphorus (P)

Sulfur (S), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H)

Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K)

sweetest of all sugars

least sweet sugar

a type of starch

a protein found in fruits

Unavailable carbohydrate

Dietary fibre

Cellulose

Roughage

Grains - rice, wheat, oats, noodles, bread, buns, biscuits and breakfast cereals.

Fruits - apples, bananas, oranges, and berries.

Vegetables - carrots, broccoli, spinach, and lettuce.

Meats - chicken, beef, pork, and fish.

Simple sugars that provide quick energy.

Complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharide units.

Proteins that serve as enzymes in biological reactions.

Lipids that store energy in the form of fats.

Most abundant simple carbohydrates in nature.

Least abundant simple carbohydrates in nature.

Only found in fruits and vegetables.

Converted to proteins by the body.

A type of non-starch polysaccharide.

A type of starch polysaccharide.

A type of protein.

A type of lipid.

Produced when starch breaks down (similar in plants when seeds germinate)

Produced during the fermentation of sugars in yeast

Found primarily in fruits and honey

Used as a sweetener in processed foods

A method of reducing carbohydrate intake before a competition.

A regime by taking high carbo foods a few days to a week before competition.

A technique used to lose weight quickly before an event.

A strategy to increase protein intake for muscle gain.

disaccharides

polysaccharides

monosaccharides

oligosaccharides

Found in sugar cane, sugar beets, honey, maple syrup

Primarily found in grains and legumes

Commonly used as a preservative in canned foods

Occurs naturally in dairy products

known as single sugars

contain two units of sugar

are complex carbohydrates

are found only in fruits

usually joined to other sugars to form disaccharides or polysaccharides.

are the simplest form of carbohydrates.

are not soluble in water.

can be found in fruits and honey.

chemically bonded to glucose to form the primary sugar lactose in milk

found primarily in fruits and honey

an essential amino acid

converted into glucose during digestion

Stored form of glucose in animals.

Primary source of energy in plants.

Form of protein stored in muscles.

Type of fat stored in the liver.

GLUCOSE- also known as Dextrose or blood sugar

SUCROSE- table sugar (found in sugarcane)

GALACTOSE- occurs as part of the disaccharide lactose (found in digested milk)

MALTROSE- sugar produced from starch (found in malted foods)

Monosaccharides (one simple sugar unit)

Disaccharides (two simple sugar unit)

Polysaccharides (many sugar units)

Oligosaccharides (a few sugar units)