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UNIT 1 SPCM

Total questions: 96

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What does conductivity of metals depend upon?

a)

The nature of the material

b)

Number of free electrons

c)

Resistance of the metal

d)

Number of electrons

2.

What happens to the free electrons when electric field is applied?

a)

They move randomly and collide with each other

b)

They move in the direction of the field

c)

They remain stable

d)

They move in the direction opposite to that of the field

3.

Outer most shell of atom with highest energy level is known as

a)

1st shell

b)

2nd shell

c)

Valence shell

d)

hole shell

4.

Which of the following theories cannot be explained by classical theory?

a)

Electron theory

b)

Lorentz theory

c)

Photo-electric effect

d)

Classical free electron theory

5.

Which of the following theories can be adopted to rectify the drawbacks of classical theory?

a)

Compton theory

b)

Quantum theory

c)

Band theory

d)

Electron theory

6.

How does a semiconductor behave at absolute zero?

a)

Conductor

b)

Insulator

c)

Semiconductor

d)

Protection device

7.

What are the charge carriers in semiconductors?

a)

Electrons and holes

b)

Electrons

c)

Holes

d)

Charges

8.

How is charge carriers produced in intrinsic semiconductors?

a)

By pure atoms

b)

By electrons

c)

By impure atoms

d)

By holes

9.

What type of material is obtained when intrinsic semiconductor is doped with pentavalent impurity?

a)

N-type semiconductor

b)

Extrinsic semiconductor

c)

P-type semiconductor

d)

Insulator

10.

What type of material is obtained when an intrinsic semiconductor is doped with trivalent impurity?

a)

Extrinsic semiconductor

b)

Insulator

c)

N-type semiconductor

d)

P-type semiconductor

11.

The motion of electron in periodic potential is explained by

a)

Drude Model

b)

Lorentz Model

c)

Drude - Lorentz Model

d)

Kronig Penny Model

12.

According band theory of solids, the splitting up of energy levels start from

a)

Outermost shell

b)

First Shell

c)

Second shell

d)

Any Shell

13.

According band theory of solids, the splitting up of energy levels will be maximum at

a)

First Shell

b)

Second shell

c)

Any Shell

d)

Outermost Shell

14.

According to classical free electron theory,

a)

there is no interaction between conduction electrons

b)

the interaction of free electrons with ion cores is negligible

c)

the free electrons find uniform electric field of positive ions and that of electrons in metal

d)

all

15.

Most commonly used semiconductor material is

a)

Silicon

b)

Germanium

c)

Mixture of silicon and germanium

d)

Arsenic.

16.

Energy band gap size for insulators is in the range ________ eV.

a)

1-2

b)

2-3

c)

3-4

d)

> 4

17.

Fermi energy level for intrinsic semiconductors lies

a)

At middle of the band gap

b)

Close to conduction band

c)

Close to valence band

d)

None

18.

In intrinsic semiconductors, number of electrons __________ number of holes.

a)

Equal

b)

Greater than

c)

Less than

d)

Cannot define

19.

A hole in the semiconductors treated as __________

a)

A free electron

b)

A incomplete part of electron pair bond

c)

A free proton

d)

A free neutron

20.

The probability that an electron in a metal occupies the Fermi-level, at any temperature (>0 K) is

a)

0

b)

1

c)

0.5

d)

100

21.

Consider the following statements: pure germanium and pure silicon are examples of:

a)

1. Direct band-gap semiconductors

b)

2. Indirect band-gap semiconductors

c)

3. Degenerate semiconductors

d)

Of these statements:

22.

What is a Brillouin zone?

a)

A region of energy--‐space that encompasses all of the unique values of energy

b)

A region of position--‐space that the electron is allowed to reside within

c)

Another name for the unit cell of the crystal

d)

A region of k-space that contains all of the unique solutions of the wave equation

23.

When temperature increases, intrinsic concentration increases which results in increase of

a)

resistivity

b)

conductivity

c)

capacitivity

d)

all of the above

24.

Energy gap is overlapped between Valence band and conduction band in

a)

insulators

b)

conductors

c)

semiconductors

d)

super semiconductors

25.

In an insulating material, _______.

a)

the valence band is filled and the conduction band is empty

b)

the valence band is empty and the conduction band is filled

c)

both the valence band and conduction band are empty

d)

both the valence band and conduction band are filled

e)

both the valence band and conduction band are partially filled

26.

A material with 5 eV forbidden gap energy is:

a)

conductor

b)

An insulator

c)

A semiconductor

d)

An isolated molecule

e)

An isolated atom

27.

A material with a relatively large gap between its valance band and conduction band would be expected to be ______.

a)

a good conductor

b)

easily melted

c)

a poor conductor

d)

in the liquid state

28.

According to the band theory of solids, why is lead a good conductor?

a)

There is a wide energy gap between the valance band and conduction band of lead

b)

The valance band of lead is empty and the conduction band is filled

c)

The valance band and the conduction band of lead is half filled.

d)

A great deal of energy is needed to move valence electrons of lead to the conduction band

e)

The conduction band of lead overlaps the valance band

29.

What is the approximate energy gap between the valance band and conduction band of insulators?

a)

0 eV

b)

1 eV

c)

5 eV

d)

10 eV

e)

100 eV

30.

Which of the following is not a semiconductor?

a)

Silicon

b)

Gallium

c)

Germanium

d)

Aluminum

31.

If a material contains overlapping of conduction and valence bands, both of which are partially filled, then ____.

a)

no potential difference is required to induce a current in the material

b)

the acceleration of electrons will require a relatively large input of radiation

c)

the conductance of the material will be directly related to its temperature

d)

a small electric field will make electrons move from one atom to another

e)

the acceleration of electrons will requiredoping of the material

32.

A material that conducts electricity will tends to have ______.

a)

no valance electrons

b)

partially filled bands

c)

completely filled bands

d)

conduction and valance bands that are far apart

33.

________ is an insulator.

a)

Copper

b)

Silicon

c)

Gold

d)

Table salt

e)

Germanium

34.

In a conductor, conductivity increases as ______.

a)

temperature decreases

b)

the applied electrical field decreases

c)

resistance increases

d)

more electrons move into the valence band

35.

The highest filled energy band in a solid is called

a)

valence band

b)

conduction band

c)

fermi level

d)

equal level

36.

At 0 K, Conduction band will be

a)

fully occupied

b)

completely empty

c)

partially occupied by electrons

d)

partially occupied by holes

37.

For metals, Conduction band and valence Band are

a)

fully occupied

b)

empty

c)

Partially occupied

d)

Overlapping

38.

P-type and N-type extrinsic semiconductors are formed by adding impurities of valency?

a)

5 and 3 respectively

b)

5 and 4 respectively

c)

3 and 5 respectively

d)

3 and 4 respectively

39.

The bond that exists in a semiconductor is:

a)

Ionic bond

b)

covalent bond

c)

metallic bond

d)

hydrogen bond

40.

In solids, _________ in outer most orbits of atoms determine its electrical properties

a)

protons

b)

neutron

c)

electrons

d)

positron

41.

This theory was developed by Drude& Lorentz in 1900

a)

Classical free electron theory

b)

Quantum free electron theory

c)

Zone theory

d)

Bloch theory

42.

Sommerfield developed the quantum free electron theory in

a)

1956

b)

1900

c)

1927

d)

1928

43.

According to this theory, free electrons move in a periodic potential provided by the lattice

a)

Classical free electron theory

b)

Quantum free electron theory

c)

free electron theory

d)

zone theory

44.

There is no loss of energy and resultant velocity is zero, this indicates ______ of free electrons

a)

inelastic collision

b)

elastic collision

c)

Direct compact

d)

Oblique impact

45.

Pick out the odd one.

a)

fails to explain the specific heat capacity of metals

b)

explains new phenomena like photoelectric effect, Compton effect, black -body radiation

c)

Susceptibility has greater theoretical value than the experimental value

d)

fails to explain superconducting properties of metals

46.

In QFET (quantum free electron theory), Energy levels are

a)

discrete

b)

continuous

c)

discontinuous

d)

has increasing value

47.

QFET(quantum free electron theory) follows

a)

Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution

b)

Bose-Einstein distribution

c)

Fermi-Dirac distribution

d)

Einstein-Kalam distribution

48.

Highest energy level that can be occupied by an electron at 0 K

a)

Excited state

b)

Conduction state

c)

Fermi energy level

d)

Average energy level

49.

In DOS, volume of the sphere of radius n is equal --------------------------

a)

volume of cube

b)

number of energy states

c)

number of energy levels

d)

none in the list

50.

O𝐧𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐧 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞. This was coined by ----------

a)

Neils Bohr

b)

Drude

c)

Wolfgang Pauli

d)

Lorentz

51.

Carrier concentration in metals is

a)

ZE x FE

b)

Z(E) x F(E) dE

c)

N(E)dE x F(E) dE

d)

Z(E)dE

52.

In CFET (Classical free electron theory), free electrons move in

a)

unidirection

b)

bidirection

c)

random direction

d)

one path

53.

What are valence electrons?

a)

The total number of electrons in an atom

b)

The number of electrons in the outermost shell

c)

The number of electrons in the second shell

d)

The number of protons in the outermost shell

54.

The orbital that an electron moves to after it releases energy is called the

a)

ground state

b)

excited state

c)

s orbital

d)

f orbital

55.

Which of the following theories cannot be explained by classical theory?

a)

Electron Theory

b)

Photo-electric effect

c)

Lorentz theory

d)

electron gas

56.

Wiedemann-Franz law could be verified by Classical free electron theory

a)

True

b)

False

57.

Drude-Lorenz theory is known as

a)

Quantum free electron theory

b)

Classical Free electron theory

c)

Black body radiation could be explained by quantum free electron theory.

d)

False

58.

Which of the following is not explained by quantum free electron theory?

a)

Zeeman effect

b)

Compton effect

c)

Hall effect

d)

Joule Thomson effect

59.

Electron is a Fermion.

a)

False

b)

True

60.

Particles which are obeying Fermi-Dirac statistics are called

a)

Muon

b)

Boson

c)

nucleon

d)

fermion

e)

meson

61.

Fermi Dirac Distribution function is

a)

Fermi-Distribution function

b)

Paul-Drude theory

c)

Density of states

d)

The equation 'Z(E) dE =' deals about

e)

dielectric polarisation

62.

What happens to the free electrons when an electric field is applied?

a)

They remain stable

b)

They move randomly and collide each other

c)

They move in the direction of the field

d)

They move in the direction opposite to that of electric field.

63.

In the figure the y-axis represents

a)

Energy level

b)

Temperature

c)

Probability of occupation

64.

Which method is used to calculate the electronic band structure of solids

a)

Modern

b)

Uniform

c)

Classical

d)

None of these

65.

Which method uses atomic orbitals as basis wave functions.

a)

Tight-binding.

b)

Bonding nature

c)

electron diffraction

d)

neutron diffraction

66.

LCAO stands for

a)

Linear combination of atomic orbitals

b)

Logical combination of atomic orbitals

c)

Linear combination of orbitals atom

d)

Logical combination of shell

67.

Which method was the earliest method employed in band calculations by Wigner and Seitz.

a)

The cellular method

b)

The nucleation method

c)

The Modern method

d)

The Classical method

68.

Classical free electron theory proposed in……….

a)

1928

b)

1926

c)

1900

d)

1896

69.

Quantum free electron theory proposed in…………..

a)

1900

b)

1905

c)

1928

d)

1926

70.

………….is defined as time taken by the electron to move from disturbed position to rest position when electric field is switched off.

a)

Critical time

b)

Relaxation time

c)

Mean free time

d)

Average time

71.

According to quantum free electron theory, …………are having wave motion

a)

Electrons

b)

Protons

c)

Neutrons

d)

Photons

72.

When two identical atoms are brought closer, the………..of atom overlap and interact.

a)

Inner orbit

b)

Outermost orbit

c)

Nucleus

d)

Neutrons

73.

For conductors, the energy gap between valance band and conduction band is………….

a)

1 eV

b)

100 eV

c)

10 eV

d)

Zero

74.

In Kronig-Penney model, the electrons moving in………..potential

a)

Constant

b)

Zero

c)

Periodic

d)

Negative

75.

………….introduced zone theory

a)

Newton

b)

Drude

c)

Bloch

d)

Sommerfield

76.

The region between +π/a and -π/a is called…………..

a)

Forbidden gap

b)

First Brillouin zone

c)

Second Brillouin zone

d)

Third Brillouin zone

77.

…………… shows characteristics of particular semiconductor material

a)

E-K diagram

b)

Conventional band diagram

c)

Circuit diagram

d)

Zone diagram

78.

The E-K diagram demonstrate…………..

a)

Resistivity

b)

Conductivity

c)

Electron (or) Hole mobility

d)

Thermal conductivity

79.

………..is the example of direct band gap semiconductor

a)

GaAS

b)

Silicon

c)

Germanium

d)

Aluminum

80.

The probability of a radiative recombination is……….for Indirect band gap semiconductor

a)

High

b)

Low

c)

Zero

d)

Infinity

81.

A packet of waves can travel throughout the crystal with a definite energy and momentum is called……………..

a)

Photons

b)

Phonons

c)

Mesons

d)

Bosons

82.

The wave length of phonons is the order of…………………

a)

1 Å

b)

1mm

c)

1 m

d)

1 km

83.

Fermi Energy is the energy of the state at which the probability of electron occupation is…………at any temperature above 0 K.

a)

1

b)

0

c)

½

d)

-1

84.

The electrical resistivity of copper at 27⁰ C is 1.72 x 10-8 Ohm m. and the Lorentz number is 2. 26 x 10-8 W Ohm K-2 then its thermal conductivity is………………...

a)

394.18 w/m

b)

394.18 w m/m/k

c)

3.9418 w/m/k

d)

3.9418 w/m

85.

What is the drift velocity of electron if the current density is 4.976 x 10 power 6 A/m2 and carrier density is 8.46 x 10 power 28 /cubic meter?

a)

367 m/s

b)

0.367 m/s

c)

0.000367 m/s

d)

0.0367 m/s

86.

The drift velocity of electron is 0.000367 m/s and carrier density is 8.46 x 10 power 28 /cubic meter then the current density is………………a/m2

a)

4.976 x 10 power 6

b)

4.976 x 10 power -6

c)

4.976 x 10 power -3

d)

4.976 x 10 power 3

87.

--------------------- explains the behaviour of metals, semiconductors and insulators

a)

Classical free electron theory

b)

Lorentz Drude theory

c)

Quantum free electron theory

d)

Band theory

88.

In the Kronig Penny model, the potential V(x) assumed to be ------------

a)

A non-periodic cosine wave

b)

A periodic rectangular wave

c)

A periodic sine wave

d)

A periodic square wave

89.

Insulators posses ----------------forbidden gap

a)

large

b)

medium

c)

zero

d)

low

90.

Fermi energy level--------------------

a)

is the top most filled energy level at 0K

b)

is the top most filled energy level at 0 degree centigrade

c)

is the top most filled energy level at 0 degree Fahrenheit

d)

is the top most filled energy level at 200 degree Centigrade

91.

Which of the following method uses atomic orbital approach to compute electronic based band structure computationally?

a)

cellular method

b)

APW method

c)

Pseudopotential method

d)

Tight binding method

92.

Quantum free electron theory assumes electron are charged particles and obey------------- principle

a)

Paulis exclusion

b)

Hunds

c)

Aufbau

d)

Bernoulis

93.

Density of states for a given material is --------------

a)

Directly proportional to square root of energy

b)

Indirectly proportional to square root of energy

c)

Directly proportional to cube root of energy

d)

Indirectly proportional to cube root of energy

94.

Metals posses ----------------forbidden gap

a)

large

b)

medium

c)

zero

d)

low

95.

What is the shape of E- K diagram for a free electron?

a)

Parabola

b)

Square

c)

Cube

d)

Circle

96.

Which of the following method uses primitive cell approach to compute electronic band structure computationally?

a)

cellular method

b)

APW method

c)

Pseudopotential method

d)

Tight binding method

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