WorksheetsGAS EXCHANGE IN ORGANISMS YEAR 12
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 3hrs 49mins
Name the structure through which gases enter and leave the body of an insect.
tracheoles
alveoli
spiracle
lungs
Name the small tubes that carry gases directly to and from the cells of an insect
tracheoles
system
spiracle
alveoli
Tubifex worms are small, thin animals that live in water. They have no specialised gas exchange or circulatory system. Name the process by which oxygen reaches the cells inside the body of a tubifex worm.
active transport
respiration
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
In this word equation for respiration, what is y representing?
Glucose + x --> y + water + energy
carbon dioxide
methane
oxygen
ATP
Which adaptations help reduce water loss in insects? (tick all that apply)
guard cells that open and close the spiracles
valves that open and close the spiracles
hairs around the spiracles
What is meant by a counter-current system?
A short distance for gases to diffuse
When water flows in an opposite direction to blood flow
having a higher concentration inside the lungs than outside
As the size of an organism increases its surface area to volume ratio increases
True
False
What are the smaller tubes (plural) that branch from the tracheae in insects called?
(a)
By which process in oxygen transported into cells?
(a)
When would there be more fluid at the end of tracheoles?
When the muscle is active
When the muscle is resting
Why is oxygen transported into insect muscle cells faster when they are active?
There is less fluid in the tracheoles and diffusion is faster in air
Lactic acid is secreted into tracheoles
There is more fluid in the tracheoles and diffusion is faster in water
Oxygen can be transported into cells by osmosis
What helps to draw air into insect tracheae?
breathing
abdominal pumping (due to muscle contraction)
respiration
gas exchange
What is the exoskeleton of an insect made from?
cellulose
peptidoglycan
chitin
calcium
To prevent moisture loss Insects have a?
permeable exoskeleton
impermeable exoskeleton
The flow of oxygen (in order) into the cells of an insect is
spiracles - trachea - tracheole fluid - cells - tracheole
spiracles - cells - trachea - tracheole - tracheole fluid
cells - tracheole fluid - tracheole - trachea - spiracles
spiracles - trachea - tracheole - tracheole fluid - cells
Which gas exchange method is most efficient?
Parallel flow
Counter-current flow
Which structures increase the surface areas of the gills in fish? (select two)
Gill filaments
Lamellae
Gill arch
Operculum
What is the advantage of countercurrent flow?
maintains a steep concentration gradient along the length of the diffusion pathway
reduces the concentration gradient along the length of the diffusion pathway
slows down the rate of diffusion
Gas exchange is needed to supply _____________ to cells and remove __________________
carbon dioxide; oxygen
oxygen; food
oxygen; carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide; water
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
to provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body
to bring oxygen to the body
to break down food and absorb nutrients
to remove oxygen from the body and deliver carbon dioxide
I. High surface area
II. Thin walls
III. Dry surfaces
The gill cover is called the Operculum.
What is the percentage dissolved oxygen in water?
1%
5%
10%
20%
True or false:
Tracheoles have rings of chitin
true
false
Which is a feature of the flatworm’s body that allows efficient gas exchange.
Thin and flat body so has a short diffusion pathway for gases.
Thin and flat body so has a small surface area to volume ratio for fast gas exchange.
Thin and flat body so large diffusion pathway for efficient gas exchange
Which is the correct summary of how water enters a fish.
operculum opens, mouth floor raised which increases the volume and increases the pressure - water flows in.
operculum shuts, mouth floor lowered which increases the pressure and decreases the volume - water flows in.
operculum shuts, mouth floor lowered which increases the volume and decreases the pressure - water flows in.
Explain why counter current flow is important for efficient oxygen uptake in a fish?
Water and blood flow is in the same direction so always a higher concentration of oxygen in the blood next to the water so diffusion occurs across the whole length of the lamellae.
Water and blood flow in opposite directions, so always a higher concentration of oxygen in the water next to the blood so diffusion occurs across the whole length of the lamellae.
Water and blood flow in opposite directions, so always a higher concentration of oxygen in the blood next to the water so diffusion occurs across the whole length of the lamellae.
The direction of flow of water and of blood helps to maintain a concentration gradient between the blood and water. How is this helpful to a fish?
More oxygen enters the water which is used in respiration to release energy for muscle contraction in swimming. Less removal of CO2.
More oxygen enters the blood which is used in anaerobic respiration to release energy for muscle contraction in swimming. More removal of CO2.
More oxygen enters the blood which is used in aerobic respiration to release energy for muscle contraction in swimming. More removal of CO2.
What causes spiracles to open on an insect?
decreasing carbon dioxide concentration
increasing carbon dioxide concentration
decreasing oxygen concentration
Why is closing spiracles sometimes an advantage to insects?
To allow oxygen to build up inside the insect's body
Conserves energy
Less water lost by diffusion through spiracles.
Why does abdominal pumping increase the efficiency of gas exchange between the tracheoles and muscle tissue of the insect?
Less CO2 is removed so there is a greater concentration gradient
Increases oxygen intake so there is a shorter diffusion pathway
More oxygen enters enters quicker so greater concentration gradient.
Which of the following is not and adaptation of an insect’s tracheal system for efficient gas exchange?
Tracheoles have thin walls so short diffusion distance to cells.
Highly branched / large number of tracheoles so large surface area
Air and blood flow in opposite directions, maintaining a concentration gradient
Fluid in the end of the tracheoles that moves into tissues during exercise so larger surface area
What is a difficulty of counting movements of gill covers as a method of measuring ventilation rate in fish.
Movement of gill covers too fast to count
You may count incorrectly
Both are correct
Explain the movement of oxygen into the gas exchange system of an insect when it is at rest.
Oxygen is used in respiration in cells, meaning higher concentration of oxygen in tracheoles - oxygen diffuses into cells.
At rest spiracles close, oxygen movement is stopped so respiration decreases.
Oxygen in higher concentration in cells than in tracheoles so diffuse from cells to trracheoles.
Holding your breathe for long time causes a strong desire to breath. What is causing that strong desire?
Lack of oxygen
Lack of carbon dioxide
Build up of oxygen
Build of of carbon dioxide
What is the main reason for placing an oxygen mask on a patient, who has a severe lung disease?
It makes them feel less tired
It increases the concentration gradient for oxygen between the alveoli and blood capillaries
It allows aerobic respiration to occur
It allows oxygen to diffuse faster into the alveoli from blood capillaries
