Font size
WorksheetsPHYSICS (QUANTUM CLASH - REVIEWER 3)
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 1hrs 19mins
Which of the following particles has mass?
gluon
quark
photon
W boson
Which of the following is part of the reason why stable heavy nuclei typically have more neutrons than protons?
The neutrons negate the charges of some protons and thus reduce the net electric repulsion between protons.
The neutrons increase the radius of the nucleus, which makes the protons further apart and decreases the electric repulsion between protons.
The neutrons allow the strong force between nucleons to be great enough to counteract the electric repulsion between protons.
The neutrons are arranged on the outside surface of the nucleus and shield the protons from external electric forces.
What is the common characteristic of most nuclei with mass number greater than about 20?
binding energy per nucleon
binding energy
decay pattern
half-life
In a nuclear decay chain, a neptunium nucleus eventually becomes a thallium nucleus via a series of alpha and beta minus decays. The net reaction is shown. Which of the following is true of the number of alpha and beta particles produced?
More alpha particles than beta particles are produced.
More beta particles than alpha particles are produced.
An equal number of alpha and beta particles are produced.
There is no way to determine whether more alpha or beta particles are produced without knowing the individual steps in the process.
In a laboratory, two protons are projected toward each other with the same speed, as shown. Which of the following best shows the paths of the protons as they approach and then move away from each other?
When a californium (Cf) nucleus undergoes spontaneous fission, the following two reactions occur, where X and Y are unidentified nuclei.
Cf
X
Ru
Y
A molybdenum isotope (Z=42) undergoes beta negative decay (β−). Based upon conservation of charge, what must be the atomic number (Z) of the product? Also, what particles decay and what particles are produced during β− decay?
Z=41; in β− decay, a neutron transforms into a proton, releasing an electron and a chargeless antineutrino.
Z=41; in β− decay, a proton transforms into a neutron, releasing an electron and a chargeless antineutrino.
Z equals 43 ; in β− decay, a neutron transforms into a proton, releasing an electron and a chargeless antineutrino
Z=43; in β− decay, a proton transforms into a neutron, releasing an electron and a chargeless antineutrino.
An unstable atom of radium (atomic mass = 226u) is initially at rest. It decays into radon (atomic mass = 222u) and an alpha particle (atomic mass = 4u). After the decay, the alpha particle travels with a speed that is 10% the speed of light. What is the speed at which radon travels after the decay process?
0.00177c
0.00180c
0.09823c
0.10180c
Who is one of the most influential physicists in the 20th century?
Karl Schwarzschild
Albert Einstein
Isaac Newton
Max Planck
Light sometimes behave as a particle. It is called__.
proton
photon
neutron
electron
Which explains why the sky is blue?
Blue light is not easily scattered by the atmosphere
Blue light is not easily absorbed by the atmosphere
Air molecules scatter blue light more readily than other colors
Blue light is reflected off the world's oceans into the atmosphere
Which statement best describes the 'Law of reflection'?
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
The angle of reflection is perpendicular to the normal.
The angle of reflection is parallel to the angle of incidence
Both the angle of incidence and reflection lie in different planes.
It Is also known as curving of space-time.
Black hole
warping
Bending
orbiting
How does special relativity differs from general relativity?
Special relativity applies only to moving frames while general relativity applies only to stationary frames.
Special relativity applies only to stationary frames while general relativity applies only to accelerating frames.
Special relativity applies only to stationary or moving frames while general relativity applies only to accelerating frames.
Special relativity applies only to accelerating frames while general relativity applies only to stationary or moving frames.
Which is true about time according to general relativity?
Time slows down with gravity.
Time accelerates with gravity.
Time is pulled down by gravity.
Time can't be changed by gravity.
He was the one to first use the general relativity in predicting that a sufficiently massive body can deform space-time and that lead to his idea of the existence of black holes.
Karl Schwarzschild
Albert Einstein
Thomas Young
Max Planck
What force is explained by general relativity?
Weak nuclear force
Electromagnetic force
Strong nuclear force
Gravitational force
How does the curvature of space-time affect the light from distant stars?
The curvature of space-time reflects light passing through it.
The curvature of space-time bends light passing through it.
The curvature of space-time does not allow light pass through it.
The curvature of space-time absorbs the light passing through it.
Which of the following is NOT considered as the evidence of General Theory of Relativity?
Orbit of Mercury
Orbit of the Earth
Bending of light
Black holes
Light, like any wave is known to pass from one medium to another medium with different optical densities. Which of the following properties of light is being described?
Reflection
Diffraction
Refraction
Interference
Which of the following is most likely scattered by particles present in the atmosphere?
No wavelengths are scattered.
Shorter wavelength of light.
Longer wavelength of light.
Both Shorter and Longer wavelength of light.
The Theory of Photoelectric effect won a Nobel prize in 1921. Who was the proponent of the said theory?
Thomas Young
Albert Einstein
Albert Bandura
Max Planck
Which of the following BEST describes time dilation?
The difference in the speed interval between two events as perceived by an observer under a stationary frame.
The difference in the distance interval between two events as perceived by an observer under a stationary frame.
The difference in the time interval between two events as perceived by an observer under a stationary frame.
The difference in the acceleration of two events as perceived by an observer under a stationary frame.
White light goes through a filter that can absorb blue light; what color of light can pass through as perceived by an observer?
Blue
Green
Red
Yellow
Which of the following BEST describes relativity of simultaneity?
Two events occurring simultaneously in one reference frame are simultaneous in another frame.
Two events occurring simultaneously in one reference frame may not necessarily be simultaneous in another frame.
Two events occurring simultaneously in one reference frame is always simultaneous in another frame.
Two events occurring simultaneously in different reference frame are always simultaneous to the observer's reference frame.
Which of the following BEST describes length contraction?
Length is absolute regardless of reference frame.
Length may change under one reference frame.
Length may change depending on the environment.
Length varies from one reference frame to another
What must be the velocity of an object to escape a black hole?
less than c
equal to c
zero
greater than c
How does General Relativity view gravity?
Gravity warps space and time.
Gravity is the curvature of space-time.
Gravity warps mass.
Gravity is a force.
How many nucleons are in a nucleus of ?
19
20
39
58
Which type of radiation has the greatest ionising effect?
α-particles
β-particles
γ-rays
all have the same ionising effect
A radioactive source emits radiation that can pass through a sheet of paper but not through thick aluminium. What does this show about the radiation?
It is alpha-particles.
It is beta-particles.
It is gamma-rays.
It is a mixture of alpha-particles and gamma-rays
When Uranium decays it emits an alpha particle, forming an isotope of Thorium. Which of the above decay equations is correct?
A
B
C
D
The half-life of a radioisotope is 2400 years. The activity of a sample is 720 counts /s.
How long will it take for the activity to fall to 90 counts /s?
300 years
2400 years
7200 years
19 200 years
In nuclear fission, some mass is converted to energy. This causes -
final mass to be less than initial mass
final mas to be more than initial mass
final mass to be equal to initial mass
What does the mass equivalence equation tell us? E=mc2
A large amount of energy can be converted from a small amount of mass
Gravity bends both time and space
Gravitational waves are emitted from black holes
Atomic nuclei emit gamma rays, beta particles, and alpha particles
Which of these processes describes a nuclear fusion reaction?
A nucleus absorbs energy to produce lighter nuclei.
A nucleus splits to produce energy and lighter nuclei
Two nuclei bind together to produce energy and heavier nuclei.
Two nuclei bind together to produce energy and a lighter nuclei.
The Carbon-12 atom is used by physicists to establish
the charge on an electron.
the low point on a mass defect graph.
the gram and kilogram units.
the atomic mass unit.
What is the correct expression for finding mass defect for the fusion reaction shown?
(Mass of helium + neutron)- (mass of hydrogens)
(Mass of hydrogens)-(Mass of helium+neutron)
Mass of all the nuclei
None of the above
What is nuclear fusion?
The splitting of atomic nuclei
The combination of two atomic nuclei
The decay of unstable isotopes
The emission of gamma rays
Stars primarily begin with which element?
Helium
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
The mass number of an atom represents:
The number of electrons only
The number of protons only
The sum of protons and neutrons
The number of neutrons only
What are isotopes?
Atoms with different numbers of protons
Atoms with same atomic number but different mass numbers
Atoms with no neutrons
Atoms with no electrons
An alpha particle is equivalent to:
A proton
An electron
A helium nucleus
A neutron
During beta decay, what happens to the atomic number?
Decreases by 2
Increases by 1
Stays the same
Decreases by 1
How many protons and neutrons are in an alpha particle?
2 protons, 1 neutron
1 proton, 2 neutrons
2 protons, 2 neutrons
1 proton, 1 neutron
Gamma rays are:
Charged particles
Low frequency radiation
High frequency electromagnetic radiation
Slow-moving electrons
What is released during nuclear fusion?
Only heat
Only light
Only radiation
Energy in multiple forms
Synthetic elements are:
Naturally occurring elements
Elements made by humans
Stable isotopes only
Elements found in stars
In uranium-235, what is the number of neutrons?
235
92
143
146
Beta particles are:
Helium nuclei
Fast-moving electrons
Gamma rays
Protons
During beta decay, a neutron changes into:
Two protons
An electron only
A proton and an electron
An alpha particle
The atomic number of an element represents:
The number of neutrons
The total mass
The number of protons
The number of electrons and protons combined
What type of elements are created in stars through fusion?
Only light elements
Only synthetic elements
Heavier elements
Only radioactive elements
How are synthetic elements typically created?
Through natural decay
In particle accelerators
In nuclear fission
Through beta emission
During alpha decay, the atomic number:
Increases by 2
Decreases by 2
Stays the same
Increases by 4
What happens to the mass number during beta decay?
Increases by 1
Decreases by 1
Stays the same
Decreases by 2
Unstable isotopes become stable through:
Nuclear fusion
Radioactive decay
Nuclear fission
Electron capture
Which of the following has no charge?
Alpha particle
Beta particle
Gamma ray
Proton
Which nuclide is the most stable?
calcium-40
hydrogen-1
iron-56
carbon-12
Which shows correctly the calculation of mass defect of a nucleus?
(mass of nucleus) − (total mass of separate neutrons)
(total mass of separate neutrons) − (mass of nucleus)
(mass of nucleus) − (total mass of separate nucleons)
(total mass of separate nucleons) − (mass of nucleus)
What is meant by binding energy?
minimum energy required to separate nucleons in a nucleus to infinity
maximum energy required to separate nucleons in a nucleus to infinity
minimum energy required to remove one nucleon from a nucleus
maximum energy required to remove one nucleon from a nucleus
Uranium-235 has 92 protons and a binding energy of 1786 MeV. Calculate its binding energy per nucleon.
19.4 MeV
7.6 MeV
12.5 MeV
0.13 MeV
Which of the following statements is wrong?
Activity is the number of decay per unit time.
Activity depends on half-life.
Activity depends on decay constant.
Activity can measured directly using a GM tube.
A house is found to have high level of radon gas. The acitivity is 2000 Bq per unit cubic metre of air. The action level recommended by UK is 200 Bq/m3. How long does it take for activity to fall below the action level if there is no influx of more radon gas? (half life of radon = 3.8 days.)
13 days
19 days
23 days
10 days
Which of the following equations about activity (A), count rate (R), and number of undecayed nuclei (N) are correct?
A=A0eλt
R=R0e−λt
N=N0eλt
N=N0e−λt
A sample of cobalt-60 has a mass of 8.84×10−10 g and activity of 3.7×104 Bq. What is the half-life of cobalt-60? (NA=6.02×1023; u=1.66×10−27 kg.)
5.27 days
5.27 years
52.7 years
527 years
Which of the following cause measured count rate to be different than activity? (Select all.)
Detector has dead time.
Radiation is absorbed by the sample.
Detector has 100% efficiency.
Detector covers sample fully.
There is background radiation.
Which of the following steps is NOT required when measuring half-life of radioisotope that is extremely long-lived?
Measure number of parent nuclei
Plot activity against time
Use undefined
Measure activity
