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Molecular Exam Review

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 52mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.


​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

a)

Semi- Conservative

b)

Semi-discontinuous

c)

Continuous

d)

Fully-Conserveative

2.

The picture below shows an enzyme unwinding and unzipping DNA.

​

​What is the name of this enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

3.

Match he nucleotide with its complementary nucleotide. (DNA to DNA).


Cytosine-

a)

Thymine

b)

Guanine

c)

Adenine

4.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free nucleotides to the replicating DNA? ​

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

5.

Which is the second step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

6.

Which is the fourth step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

7.

Which is the third step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

8.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the leading strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

9.

DNA replication runs from ______' to _____' and is said to be ______________________

a)

5, 3, antiparallel

b)

3, 5, antiparallel

c)

5, 3, parallel

d)

3, 5, parallel

10.

Okazaki fragments appear on which strand of DNA during DNA replication?

a)

lagging

b)

leading

11.

What is this structure called

a)

Double Helix

b)

Double Felix

c)

Two Cats

d)

Single Strand

12.

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

a)

RNA is single stranded; DNA is double stranded

b)

RNA has the base U; DNA has the base T

c)

Both

d)

Neither

13.

mRNA:

a)

Sends text messages

b)

Is at the ribosome

c)

Is the messenger RNA

14.

Name this structure.

a)

Base

b)

Nucleotide

c)

Sugar

d)

DNA

15.

This process is called:

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

DNA Replication

16.

Transcription goes from:

a)

DNA to DNA

b)

DNA to Protein

c)

DNA to RNA

d)

None of the above

17.

Name the bases of DNA.

a)

Guanine and Cytosine

b)

Adenine

c)

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

d)

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

18.

Name the bases of RNA.

a)

Guanine and Cytosine

b)

Adenine

c)

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

d)

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

19.

Replicate the DNA:

A T C - G A G - C T G

a)

T A G - C T C - G A C

b)

A T C - G A G - C T G

c)

U A G - C U C - G A C

20.

Transcribe the DNA to RNA:

G A C - C T A - A G T

a)

G A C - C T A - A G T

b)

C U G - G A U - U C A

c)

C T G - G A T- T C A

21.

What protein is UCC

a)

Ser

b)

STOP

c)

Thr

d)

Tyr

22.

What protein is AAC

a)

Ser

b)

STOP

c)

Asn

d)

Lys

23.

Transcribe the DNA to RNA:

A A G - C T G - T A G

a)

A A G - C T G - T A G

b)

A A G - C T G - T A G

c)

U U C - G A C - A U C

24.

What is the first step of DNA replication?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

Helix unwinding

d)

RNA processing

25.

During transcription, which molecule is synthesized from the DNA template?

a)

Protein

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

DNA

26.

What is the role of mRNA in the process of translation?

a)

It carries amino acids to the ribosome.

b)

It replicates the DNA.

c)

It provides the template for protein synthesis.

d)

It adds nucleotides to the new DNA strand.

27.

Which of the following is not a component of the genetic code?

a)

Codons

b)

Anticodons

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Nucleotides

28.

What is the significance of the genetic code being described as 'universal'?

a)

It is the same in all organisms.

b)

It only applies to humans.

c)

It varies greatly between different organisms.

d)

It changes every generation.

29.

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for DNA replication?

a)

RNA polymerase

b)

Helicase

c)

DNA polymerase

d)

Ligase

30.

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

a)

To replicate DNA

b)

To carry amino acids to the ribosome

c)

To transcribe mRNA

d)

To unwind the DNA helix

31.

In RNA processing, what is added to the 5' end of the pre-mRNA?

a)

Poly-A tail

b)

Amino acid

c)

5' cap

d)

Introns

32.

Which of the following is a correct base pairing in DNA?

a)

Adenine with Guanine

b)

Cytosine with Adenine

c)

Thymine with Adenine

d)

Uracil with Thymine

33.

How many nucleotides make up a codon?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

34.

What process removes introns from pre-mRNA to produce mature mRNA?

a)

Translation

b)

DNA replication

c)

RNA splicing

d)

Transcription

35.

Which molecule is responsible for bringing the correct amino acid to the ribosome based on the codon sequence of the mRNA?

a)

rRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

DNA

36.

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

a)

They replicate DNA.

b)

They synthesize mRNA.

c)

They join amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.

d)

They modify mRNA after transcription.

37.

Which of the following is not directly involved in the process of transcription?

a)

DNA

b)

RNA polymerase

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Nucleotides

38.

What is the main purpose of DNA replication?

a)

To produce different types of RNA

b)

To create amino acids

c)

To ensure each new cell has a complete set of DNA

d)

To synthesize proteins

39.

In what process is mRNA synthesized?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

DNA Replication

d)

Mitosis

40.

Where does TRANSCRIPTION occur?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Mitochondria

41.

Why must transcription occur where DNA can be found?

a)

because DNA can't leave

b)

because ribosomes are in the nucleus

c)

because DNA polymerase is found there

d)

because helicase unzips the DNA

42.

How many nucleotides equal 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

43.

A polypeptide is a sequence of ____________________ held together by a ______________ bond.

a)

amino acids; peptide

b)

fatty acids; ionic

c)

proteins; hydrogen

d)

fatty acids; covalent

44.

TRANSCRIBE this DNA sequence: TACGTTACT

a)

AUGCAAUGA

b)

ATGCAATGA

c)

AUGGATUGA

d)

TACGTTACT

45.

TRANSLATE this RNA sequence: AUGCAAUGA

a)

Met-Glu-Stop

b)

Met-His-Stop

c)

Thr-Glu-Stop

d)

Thr-Pro-Stop

46.
Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter?
a)
YES!
b)
NO!
47.
A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base form the building blocks of which organic compound?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
nucleic acids
c)
lipids
d)
proteins
48.
Which of the following is the template for the production of RNA within a cell?
a)
DNA
b)
protein
c)
ATO
d)
carbohydrate
49.
Which of the following best describes how DNA and RNA are similar?
a)
they both contain A and T
b)
They both have a double helix
c)
They are both composed of 5 different nucleotides
d)
they both have C and G
50.
The DNA sequence ATCAGCGCTGGC is part of a gene. how many amino acids are coded for by this message?
a)
4
b)
8
c)
12
d)
20
51.
Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: 
GTAGTCA
a)
UATUAGA
b)
ACGACTG
c)
CAUCAGU
d)
CATCAGT
52.
The central dogma of biology states that information flows in one direction from 
a)
nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm
b)
ribosomes to proteins to DNA
c)
genes to nuclei to ribosomes
d)
DNA to RNA to proteins
53.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
54.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
55.
What are the backbones (sides) of the DNA structure made up of?
a)
repeating phosphates and sugars
b)
nitrogen bases
c)
nucleotides
d)
adenine and thymine
56.
Which is the mRNA molecule that would be transcribed from this DNA template:
TGGCAAGTACGT
a)
ACCGTTCATGCA
b)
UGGCAAGUACGU
c)
UCCGUUCUUGCU
d)
ACCGUUCAUGCA
57.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
58.

Given the template strand, what is the mRNA strand?

5'- GATGAAC -3'

a)

5'- GUUCAUC -3'

b)

5'- CUACUUG -3'

c)

5'- GAACUAC -3'

d)

5'- GTTCATC -3'

59.

In splicing, _________ are removed and __________ are connected.

a)

Introns; exons

b)

Caps; tails

c)

Exons; introns

d)

Sigma factors; nucleotides

60.

Transcription occurs in the _______ of prokaryotes, and in the _________ of eukaryotes.

a)

Cytoplasm ; cytoplasm

b)

Nucleus ; ribosome

c)

Nucleolus ; nucleus

d)

Cytoplasm ; nucleus

e)

Nucleoid ; cytoplasm

61.

What is the central dogma?

a)

DNA --> mRNA --> tRNA --> rRNA

b)

Template strand --> coding strand --> mRNA

c)

Nucleus --> cytoplasm --> ribosome

d)

DNA --> mRNA --> protein

62.

Given the coding strand, what is the template strand?

5'- AGCTTA -3'

a)

5'- ATTCGA -3'

b)

5'- UCGAAU -3'

c)

5'- TAAGCT -3'

d)

5'- TCGAAT -3'

63.

What is the function of RNA polymerase?

a)

To recognize the promotor region

b)

To recognize the transcribed region

c)

To synthesize RNA

d)

To hydrolyze RNA

e)

To "read" the coding strand

64.

Which of the following is complementary and antiparallel to the template strand? Select all that apply!

a)

The non-coding strand

b)

The coding strand

c)

The polypeptide

d)

The tRNA

e)

The mRNA

65.

Which of the following components is involved in the initiation of transcription?

a)

Start codon

b)

Origin

c)

Promoter

d)

Primer

66.
The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
transformation
d)
replication
67.
Which of the following describes RNA?
a)
RNA is usually double-stranded and contains the base thymine
b)
RNA is usually single-stranded and contains the base uracil
c)
RNA is longer than DNA and uses five bases to encode information
d)
RNA is made in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and stays there to carry out its functions
68.

On which end of the RNA molecule (5' or 3') can additional bases be added to?

a)

5'

b)

3'

c)

new bases can be added on both the 5' and the 3' ends

d)

it depends on the gene

69.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
70.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
71.
What is the location in the cell for translation?
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
ribosome
d)
chloroplast
72.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
73.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
74.

how are nucleotides held together in DNA

a)

hydrogen bonds

b)

covalent bonds

c)

ionic bonds

d)

oxygen bonds

75.

How many nucleotides equal 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

76.

When these bond together, they form a protein

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Peptide Bonds

c)

Ribose

d)

Nucleotides

77.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between a codon and anticodon?

a)

The codon on mRNA is identical to the anticodon on tRNA

b)

The codon on mRNA is complementary to the anticodon on tRNA

c)

The codon on tRNA is complementary to the anticodon on mRNA

d)

The codon on tRNA is identical to the anticodon on mRNA

78.

•What amino acid is coded for by the codon CCC?

a)

Pro

b)

leu

c)

gly

d)

Phe

79.
21 nucleotides will provide how many codons?
a)
3 amino acids
b)
5 amino acids
c)
7 amino acids
d)
9 amino acids
80.
Translation begins with a(n):
a)
Start Codon
b)
Intron
c)
Promoter
d)
Origin

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