Free Printable Chapter 12 Review

1.

The energy that was needed for the chemical reactions that formed the earliest organic molecules is thought to have come from

a)

the gases in the air and lightning.

b)

heat from the ozone layer and water.

c)

fires started by meteors and comets.

d)

the sun or heat from hydrothermal vents.

2.

The first step toward cellular organization may have come in the form of

a)

microsatellites.

b)

micrometers.

c)

microspheres.

d)

micromolecules.

3.

Which of the following molecules led scientists to explore the role of RNA in the origin of life?

a)

enzymes

b)

proteins

c)

ribozymes

d)

phospholipids

4.

The age of Earth is estimated to be about

a)

200,000 years.

b)

2 billion years.

c)

2 million years.

d)

4.5 billion years.

5.

An important tool in the practice of relative dating is the use of

a)

radioisotopes.

b)

index fossils.

c)

ribozymes.

d)

molecular structures.

6.

The geologic time scale is based on the

a)

fossil record.

b)

theory of endosymbiosis.

c)

law of superposition.

d)

principle of index fossils.

7.

Mass extinctions determined the

a)

order of the divisions of the geologic time scale.

b)

divisions of the geologic time scale.

c)

order in which fossils are found in the fossil record.

d)

dominant species that characterized each geologic era.

8.

Which of the following shows the correct order of the three eras of the geologic time scale from oldest to youngest?

a)

Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Paleozoic

b)

Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Cenozoic

c)

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

d)

Paleozoic, Cenozoic, Mesozoic

9.

Cyanobacteria changed the young Earth’s atmosphere by producing

a)

carbon dioxide.

b)

methane.

c)

ammonia.

d)

oxygen.

10.

Pre-eukaryotic cells lacked

a)

mitochondria.

b)

DNA.

c)

cell membranes.

d)

RNA.

11.

Chloroplasts are thought to be the result of an invasion of large prokaryotic cells by

a)

mitochondria.

b)

small photosynthetic prokaryotes.

c)

ribosomes.

d)

protists.

12.

All of the major phyla of animals on Earth today evolved

a)

in the air.

b)

after the five mass extinctions took place.

c)

during the Cambrian period.

d)

prior to the appearance of protists.

13.

While there was no soil present, plants were able to invade the surface of the ancient Earth because they

a)

were supported by insects.

b)

extracted minerals from protists.

c)

could obtain extra nitrogen from the rocky dust.

d)

formed a symbiotic partnership with fungi.

14.

Two-thirds of all terrestrial life disappeared in the last mass extinction approximately

a)

440 million years ago.

b)

245 million years ago.

c)

360 million years ago.

d)

65 million years ago.

15.

The Miller-Urey experiments showed that the formation of complex biological compounds from simple inorganic building blocks was ____________________.

a)

possible

b)

organic

c)

hydrothermal vents

d)

RNA

16.

The goal of each of the models that attempt to explain how life’s basic chemicals were formed is to explain the development of ____________________ building blocks.

a)

possible

b)

organic

c)

hydrothermal vents

d)

RNA

17.

One source of energy that could have caused inorganic compounds to react and form organic compounds was ____________________.

a)

possible

b)

organic

c)

hydrothermal vents

d)

RNA

18.

According to Cech and Altman, ____________________ was the first self-replicating molecule to form on Earth.

a)

possible

b)

organic

c)

hydrothermal vents

d)

RNA

19.

Scientists know that the oldest fossils are normally found in the ____________________ strata of rock.

a)

lowest

b)

Earthquakes

c)

radioisotopes

d)

index fossils

20.

____________________ can affect the order in which rock strata of different ages are arranged.

a)

lowest

b)

Earthquakes

c)

radioisotopes

d)

index fossils

21.

Unstable elements that give off energy as they decay, forming stable elements, are called ____________________.

a)

lowest

b)

Earthquakes

c)

radioisotopes

d)

index fossils

22.

Fossils that are used in determining the age of other fossils and layers of rocks are called ____________________.

a)

lowest

b)

Earthquakes

c)

radioisotopes

d)

index fossils

23.

The death of all members of many different species is called ____________________.

a)

mass extinction

b)

biodiversity

c)

organisms

d)

cyanobacteria

24.

Mass extinctions have contributed to the overall ____________________ on Earth today.

a)

mass extinction

b)

biodiversity

c)

organisms

d)

cyanobacteria

25.

Scientists believe that mass extinctions provided opportunities for new kinds of ____________________ to evolve.

a)

mass extinction

b)

biodiversity

c)

organisms

d)

cyanobacteria

26.

Primitive ____________________ produced the first oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere.

a)

mass extinction

b)

biodiversity

c)

organisms

d)

cyanobacteria

27.

The first eukaryotes were ____________________.

a)

protists

b)

specialize

c)

Cambrian

d)

arthropods

28.

Multicellularity allows cells to ____________________.

a)

protists

b)

specialize

c)

Cambrian

d)

arthropods

29.

All of the major animal groups on Earth today evolved during the ____________________ Period.

a)

protists

b)

specialize

c)

Cambrian

d)

arthropods

30.

The first animals to successfully invade the land from the sea were ____________________.

a)

protists

b)

specialize

c)

Cambrian

d)

arthropods

31.

The first vertebrates that lived on land were ____________________.

a)

arthropods

b)

amphibians

c)

Cretaceous

d)

K-T extinction

32.

Birds and mammals became the dominant vertebrates on land after the mass extinction at the end of the____________________ Period.

a)

arthropods

b)

amphibians

c)

Cretaceous

d)

K-T extinction

33.

In the fossil record, an event called the ____________________ marks the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary Periods.

a)

arthropods

b)

amphibians

c)

Cretaceous

d)

K-T extinction

34.

DNA-DNA hybridization is a technique used to determine the relatedness among different species. During hybridization, scientists combine a single strand of DNA from two different species. They heat these combined strands in small increments, and observe the temperatures at which most of the strands in the sample separate. Scientists compare the differences in separation temperatures from single-species DNA strands to hybridized DNA strands, since a greater difference in separation temperature indicates fewer base pair similarities between each organism. The table shows data for six species.

Which pair of species is the most closely related?

a)

species 4 and species 5

b)

species 5 and species 6

c)

species 2 and species 4

d)

species 2 and species 6

35.

DNA-DNA hybridization is a technique used to determine the relatedness among different species. During hybridization, scientists combine a single strand of DNA from two different species. They heat these combined strands in small increments, and observe the temperatures at which most of the strands in the sample separate. Scientists compare the differences in separation temperatures from single-species DNA strands to hybridized DNA strands, since a greater difference in separation temperature indicates fewer base pair similarities between each organism. The table shows data for six species.

Select the two statements that describe evidence to support the determination of the most closely related pair of species.

a)

Hybrid DNA will separate easily when two species share more common ancestors.

b)

Similar temperatures are needed to separate DNA from species that share more genetic similarities.

c)

Higher temperatures are needed to separate hybrid DNA from two species with greater differences in genomes.

d)

Species that have diverged from a common ancestor more recently will also share more complementary base pairs.

36.

The European corn borer is a pest whose larvae cause damage to corn crops in the United States. Pesticides can be used to control the larvae. As an alternative, scientists have developed a genetically engineered form of corn called the Bt strain. It produces a toxin in its cells called Bt, which is poisonous to the corn borer larvae. Farmers who plant fields of Bt corn are required by law to plant fields of non-Bt corn nearby as well.

Which statement explains why farmers would be required to plant non-Bt corn near Bt corn?

a)

To provide controls for Bt toxin experiments with corn borers

b)

To keep corn borers from cross-pollinating Bt and non-Bt corn

c)

To slow reproductive selection for a Bt toxin-resistant corn borer

d)

To prevent movement of corn borers from Bt to non-Bt corn fields

37.

A biologist conducting a long-term field study noticed there were two types of mice in a valley. One type of mouse had webbed toes, and one type of mouse lacked webbed toes. A dam was built in the valley turning the land into a wetland. As the years passed,all mice living in the valley were found to have webbed toes. No mice were found with non-webbed toes.

Which statement best explains the observed change in the mouse population?

a)

Webbed-toed mice survived better and reproduced more than mice without webbed toes.

b)

The increased water levels in the valley increased the mutation rate in the mouse population.

c)

The mice grew webbing to move more efficiently in the new environment.

d)

Webbed toes in mice are controlled by the environment

Chapter 12 Review

Total questions: 37

Worksheet time: 19mins

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