WorksheetsAnimal Physiology P5
Total questions: 61
Worksheet time: 43mins
How many stomaches does a cow have ?
3
1
2
5
What is osmoregulation
The processes that regulate the water and ion balance of an organism or cell
Hydromineral regulation
The regulation of salt in an organism or a cell
The regulation of the amount of water in an organism or cell
Are all particles osmotically active ?
Yes
No
Osmolality of sea water:
1000 mOsmol
800 mOsmol
300 mOsmol
100 mOsmol
What is the osmolality of fresh water ?
20 mOsmol
200 mOsmol
800 mOsmol
1000 mOsmol
What is essential in diffusion ?
Concentration gradient
The presence of salt
Diffusion speed
Diffusion coefficient
If a vesicle (and a semi permeable membrane to water) with more dissolved substance is present in fresh water, what will happen?
Water is going to flow in the cell, making the cell swell
Ions / the substance will flow out of the cell
Water is going to flow out of the cell, making the cell shrink
If a vesicle (and a semi permeable membrane to water) filled with water is placed in water with a dissolved substance what will happen ?
Ions will flow in the vesicle
Water will flow in the vesicle
Water will flow out of the vesicle
Why are red blood cells placed in hypertonic conditions spiny ?
Because of proteins
Because of the cytoskeleton
Because all cells in hypertonic conditions look that way
How can water movement be measured ?
Van't Hoff equation
Fick's law
Does an osmotic gradient contain energy ?
Yes
No
What is isosmotic?
When two solutions exert a similar osmotic pressure
When two solutions contain equal concentrations of osmotically active particles
When a cell does not change its volume in the solution
When a cell changes volume in a solution
What is tonicity ?
The response of a cell to a solution
Synonymous to isosmotic
When a cell and a solution have equal concentrations of osmotically active particles
When a cell and a solution exert similar osmotic pressure
Can an isosmotic solution be hypertonic ?
Yes
No
What is osmosis
Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
Random movement of particles because of their temperature
Behaviour of cells in a solution
What are the consequences of hypotonicity for a cell?
Decrease in cell volume
Cells burst
Increase in ion strength
Macromolecular crowding
What are the consequences of hypertonicity for a cell?
Decrease in cell volume
Cells burst
Increase in ion strength
Macromolecular crowding
Disruption of protein function
Can all animals osmoregulate?
No, some conform
Yes, all animals osmoregumate
How do animals achieve cell volume regulation ?
By production of organic solutes
Reducing the amount of dissolved entities
By absorbing more ions
Fresh water fish are -- relative to the surrounding water.
Hyperosmotic
Hyposmotic
Do fresh water fish pee a lot ?
Yes
No
How are ions secreted by animals like the turtle or the marine fish ?
Ionocyte
Sodiumocyte
Calculate the osmotic pressure of a 39 g·l-1 glucose solution at human body
temperature. Mr glucose = 180 g·mol-1 .
(a)
What is the use of the terrestrial kidney ?
Filter blood
Retention of water and ions
Get rid of toxins
Regulate the amount of enzymes
Which of these fluids are regulated ?
ECF
ICF
In Platyhelminthes, what cell is responsible for excretion ?
The ionocyte
The flame cell
The Malpighian tubules
The antennal gland
What are the basic processes of the kidney ?
1- Filtration
2- Secretion
3- Reabsorption
4- Osmoconcentration
1- Secretion
2- Osmoconcentration
3- Reabsorption
4- Filtration
1- Filtration
2- Reabsorption
3- Secretion
4- Osmoconcentration
1- Osmoconcentration
2- Filtration
3- Secretion
4- Filtration
How much blood passes through the kidneys in one day ?
1 800L
180L
18L
18 000L
How many nephrons are there in one kidney ?
1 -3 million
2 -5 million
0.5 -3 million
3 -4 million
Why aren't our kidneys at the same level ?
Because a perfect crossing would cause turbulences and blood clots.
Because there isn't enough space for them to be at the same level
Because it's an anatomical quirk
Kidneys are at the same level.
What percentage of nephrons are cortical nephrons ?
70%
60%
30%
40%
How many layers filter the blood in the kidneys ?
3
2
4
5
What is the role of the proximal tubule ?
Water resorption
Glucose resorption
Ion resorption
Urea reabsorption
How is water resorbed in the proximal tubule ?
With active water transport
With the creation of an osmotic gradient
What component of the kidney makes it so urine can be concentrated
The loop of Henle
The distal tubule
The proximal tubule
The collecting duct
What part of the loop of Henle is permeable to water ?
Ascending limb
Descending limb
How is glucose stored in the body ?
Glycogen
Amino acids
Fat
It is not stored
Which of these are digestive strategies ?
Batch reactor
Continuous flow reactor without mixing
Continuous flow reactor with mixing
Perpetual flow without mixing
Group reactor
Is an extra cellular digestion strategy a sign of a more advanced system
Yes
No
What does fermentation yield ?
fatty acids
D- and L- amino acids
saturated fatty acids
Glucose
Cellulose
Why is cellulose difficult to digest for us ?
Because it has a spiral shape
Because it has a sheet shape
Because it is inaccessible for our enzymes
Because we lack the bacteria to digest it
What animals have post gastric fermentation ?
Cow
Pig
Horse
Rabbit
How much surface is there in the small intestine in humans ?
300 m^2
600 m^2
500 m^2
200 m^2
What does the amylase break down ?
Polysaccharides
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
Do we need a sodium gradient to absorb glucose ?
Yes
No
Which animals have a thermoneutral zone ?
Homeotherms
Poikilitherms
Ectoderms
Endotherms
What does endotherm and ectotherm mean ?
Refers to the energy source of the thermoregulation
Refers to the variability of an organisms body temperature
Synonym to cold and warm blooded
Are obsolete terms
In homeotherms, the resting metabolic rate of a fasting animal is the...
Basal metabolic rate
Specific dynamic action
Standard metabolic rate
Routine metabolic rate
Multiple poikilotherm species that naturally experience different body
temperatures are shown in the figure:
Oxygen consumption
Metabolic rate
Enzyme-substrate activity
Osmolality
The increase in metabolic rate after eating a single meal is called
Diet-induced thermogenesis
Weight-specific metabolic rate
Aerobic metabolism
Specific Dynamic Action (SDA)
Suppose an animal is fed with a diet in which the only carbohydrate is glycogen.
Surgically, the pancreas of this animal is removed, the disaccheridases are left
intact. What percentage of the glycogen can it digest?
0%
50%
70-90%
100%
Which hormone acts to reduce blood volume?
ADH
Angiotensin II
Aldosterone
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
The wall of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to:
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Water
If an ADH blocker is administered to a dog, the volume of its urine will
Decrease
Increase
Not change
Which substances may be found in the proximal convoluted tubule of the
nephron? (Multiple answers may be correct.)
Sodium
Chloride
Glucose
Proteins
In what section is most of the sodium reabsorbed from the tubular fluid?
1
2
3
4
Gastrointestinal hormones
Stimulate their target organs/cells from the intestinal lumen
Are chiefly inactivated when they pass the liver through the portal vein
Are secreted from compact glands in the intestinal mucosa
Pass the liver and hart before they reach their target organs/cells
Are digested in the lumen of the intestine and therefore very inefficient
The enzymatic secretion from the pancreas
Contains digestive enzymes for protein and carbohydrate digestion, but not
those for fats
Is mainly stimulated by secretin
Is stimulated by glucagon
Is produced in the duct cells
Happens mainly during the intestinal phase of the secretory response
Glucose uptake in the small intestine...
...decreases when amino acids are present in the lumen
...decreases when sodium (Na+) is present in the lumen
...decreases when fructose is present in the lumen
...increases when trehalose is present in the lumen
...decreases during hypoxia in the enterocytes
In the absence of enterokinase, a decreased activity of the following enzyme arises:
Pepsin
Lipase
Chymotrypsin
Amylase
Sucrase
Microbial fermentation of cellulose has the least prominent role in:
Postgastric fermenters
Pregastric fermenters
Carnivores
Omnivores
Ruminants
