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WorksheetsThermal, Heat and Mechanical Energy Revision
Total questions: 85
Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins
An (a) combustion energy burns fuel outside the engine.
Which of the following states of matter has the highest thermal energy?
(a)
An -------- combustion energy burns fuel inside the engine.
(a)
In which state of matter do particles vibrate in fixed positions?
(a)
What is the process called when a solid changes directly into a gas?
(a)
What is the main method of heat transfer in liquids and gases?
(a)
What is the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid called?
(a)
A metal spoon getting hot in a pot of soup is an example of
(a)
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance is
(a)
The energy transferred due to temperature difference is
(a)
Which law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed?
(a)
What happens to the temperature of a substance when it absorbs heat?
(a)
What is the process of heat transfer through direct contact?
(a)
In which process does heat transfer occur due to the movement of fluids?
(a)
-273.15 degrees Celsius is known as what temperature?
(a)
Direction of heat transfer is related to which law of thermodynamics?
(a)
What is the primary unit of heat in the international system of units (SI)?
(a)
Which process describes the absorption of heat?
(a)
4.18 J/g°C is the specific heat capacity of
(a)
What is the name of the process where a liquid slowly turns into a vapor?
(a)
When two objects reach the same temperature
(a)
Which method of heat transfer does not require a medium?
(a)
Which materials conduct heat best?
(a)
In which main 3 states of matter do particles have the most freedom to move?
(a)
Which term describes the temperature at which liquid turns into a gas and is known as a reference point?
(a)
Increasing or decreasing temperature will increase the thermal energy of an object?
(a)
Ice floats on water because it is less ----- than liquid water.
(a)
During a phase change the temperature of a substance remains --------
(a)
A material that resists heat flow is called
(a)
A device that reverses the normal flow of thermal energy and causes it to move from a cold to a hot area is called?
(a)
An iron skillet has a mass of 500 grams. The specific heat of iron is 0.449 J/g•°C. How much heat must be absorbed to raise the skillet’s temperature by 95 °C?
22,375 J
23,375 J
24,375 J
In setting up an aquarium, the heater transfers 1200 kJ of heat to 75,000 g of water. What is the increase in the water’s temperature?
3.8°C
4.8°C
5.8°C
6.8°C
What mass of water will change its temperature by 3 °C when 525 J of heat is added to it?
42 g
52 g
62 g
72 g
A 7-gram ring absorbs 4.9 joules of heat. If the temperature of the ring increases 3 °C, what is the ring's specific heat?
0.23 J/g•°C
0.33 J/g•°C
0.43 J/g•°C
0.53 J/g•°C
In what direction does heat flow on its own spontaneously?
From hot to cold objects
From cold to hot objects
How is the temperature of an object related to the average kinetic energy of its particles?
The temperature is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of its particles.
The temperature is inversely proportional to the average kinetic energy of its particles.
Two variables that affect the thermal energy of an object are temperature and
(a)
What causes thermal expansion of an object when it is heated?
Its particles gain kinetic energy and and starts moving faster.
Its particles lose kinetic energy and and starts moving faster.
Its particles gain kinetic energy and and starts moving slower.
Its particles lose kinetic energy and and starts moving slower.
If it takes 80 J to raise the temperature of a material by 10 degrees Celsius, how much heat must be added to cause an additional increase of 20 degrees Celsius?
160J
170J
180J
190J
How does the temperature increase of different materials depend on their specific heats?
The lower a material’s specific heat, the more its temperature rises when a given amount of
energy is absorbed by a given mass
The lower a material’s specific heat, the lower its temperature rises when a given amount of
energy is absorbed by a given mass
The higher a material’s specific heat, the more its temperature rises when a given amount of
energy is absorbed by a given mass
Vibrations in the earth that transmit energy and occur during seismic activity such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and even man-made explosions
(a)
Smallest or lowest point of a cycle wave.
(a)
Highest point of the wave.
(a)
Waves created when a source of energy causes a vibration (repeated back and forth) in a medium.
(a)
Waves can propagate even in empty space (vacuum), where there is no medium.
(a)
Vibrations perpendicular to the direction of wave travel, where the particle of the medium moves up and down.
(a)
Vibrations parallel to the direction of wave travel, where particles of the medium move back and forth.
(a)
Moves along the interface between two different materials (transverse and longitudinal waves). Particles move up and down, and back and forth, (in circles).
(a)
Surface waves travel along the surface between water and (a) .
When you push on one end of the spring, a few coils bunch up. This area is called a ___________. Behind the compression, the coils are spread apart. This area is called ___________.
(a)
What is the specific heat of water, and how does it compare to that of metals?
2.09 J/g•°C, lower than most metals
4.18 J/g•°C, lower than most metals
4.18 J/g•°C, higher than most metals
2.09 J/g•°C, higher than most metals
If a substance has a high specific heat, what can be inferred about its temperature change when it absorbs heat?
It will experience a small temperature change
It will change temperature unpredictably
It will experience a large temperature change
It will not change temperature at all
How does the concept of thermal equilibrium relate to heat transfer between two objects?
Heat does not flow between objects at different temperatures
Heat flows from the cooler object to the warmer object
Heat flows until both objects reach the same temperature
Heat flows only if one object is a liquid
What happens to the kinetic energy of particles in a substance as it absorbs heat?
The kinetic energy of the particles decreases, leading to a rise in temperature.
The kinetic energy of the particles increases, leading to a rise in temperature.
The kinetic energy of the particles remains constant, leading to a rise in temperature.
If a metal block with a mass of 200 g absorbs 1,000 J of heat, and its specific heat is 0.5 J/g•°C, what is the change in temperature? (Convert: 1 °C = 1899.1005 J)
10 °C
20 °C
15 °C
25 °C
What is the speed of a mechanical wave in a medium if the frequency is 50 Hz and the wavelength is 2 m? Speed of mechanical wave = frequency (hertz) x wavelength (meters) {v = f λ}
100 m/s
150 m/s
200 m/s
250 m/s
What is the primary reason that metals are good conductors of heat?
They have free-moving electrons that transfer energy efficiently.
They have tightly bound electrons that do not move.
A 2 kg object is lifted to a height of 5 meters. What is the gravitational potential energy gained by the object?
10 J
20 J
30 J
98 J
Sound and seismic waves are examples of which waves?
longitudinal
transverse
Light and water waves are examples of which waves?
longitudinal
transverse
Which statement best explains why X-rays can pass through soft tissue but not bones?
X-rays have higher frequency than visible light.
Bones are made of denser materials that absorb X-rays more effectively.
Soft tissues reflect X-rays better than bones.
X-rays travel faster through bones.
Which electromagnetic wave has the shortest wavelength?
Radio waves
Microwaves
Gamma rays
Ultraviolet rays
Why are radio waves suitable for long-distance communication?
They have high energy.
They travel faster than light.
They are less absorbed by the atmosphere.
They have short wavelengths.
If the frequency of an EM wave increases, what happens to its energy?
Decreases
Remains constant
Increases
Converts to mass
Why can ultraviolet rays cause sunburn while visible light cannot?
UV rays have short and long wavelength.
UV rays have longer wavelengths.
UV rays have higher energy per photon.
Visible light is blocked by the atmosphere.
Which electromagnetic wave is most likely to be used in treating cancer?
Ultraviolet
Radio waves
Infrared
Gamma rays
What feature of EM waves allows them to be reflected, refracted, and diffracted?
Particle nature
Their velocity
Constant frequency
Wave properties
Which electromagnetic waves are used in satellite communication?
Microwaves
Ultraviolet
Infrared
Gamma rays
What makes visible light visible to the human eye, unlike other EM waves?
Its speed
Its wavelength range matches the eye's receptors
It has the highest energy
It has no electric field
Which electromagnetic wave has the lowest frequency?
Infrared
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Radio waves
Heat is the transfer of thermal energy, while temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles
(a)
Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a
(a)
(a) of an object is the total kinetic energy of molecules or atoms.
Thermal energy depends on the _____, _____, _____.
(a)
(a) is the state of matter which has the highest thermal energy.
Gas expand when heated at constant pressure because (a) in kinetic energy causes more particle movement.
Gas compression (a) kinetic energy of particles
Thermal (a) is an increase in the volume of a material due to a temperature increase.
(a) is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree Celsius.
The lower a material’s specific heat, the more its temperature rises and is a property of matter can be measured by a (a)
A calorimeter is an instrument used to measure changes in (a)
When the temperature of two objects is the same, they are in (a)
When the temperature of two objects is the same, they are in thermal equilibrium, so no (a) is transferred.
When liquid water turns to ice, thermal energy is (a) to the surrounding.
Thermal energy depends on the ______ of an object.
mass
temperature
phase
All
