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WorksheetsRespiratory anatomy, ventilation, and gas diffusion
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 35mins
Which of the following is not part of the respiratory system?
Trachea
Larynx
Esophagus
Bronchial tubes
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Pump blood
Filter toxins
Supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
Digest nutrients
Which structure divides the nasal cavity into two sides?
Nasal conchae
External nares
Nasal septum
Posterior nasal aperture
What type of epithelial tissue lines the nasal cavity?
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Transitional epithelium
Which region of the pharynx is only a passage for air?
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx
All of these
Which structure contains the vocal cords?
Trachea
Bronchi
Larynx
Pharynx
What is the function of Type II alveolar cells?
Create the alveolar wall
Remove debris
Secrete surfactant
Regulate gas exchange
Which feature is unique to the left lung?
Three lobes
Cardiac notch
Horizontal fissure
No oblique fissure
How many incomplete C-shaped cartilage rings are typically found in the trachea?
5–10
16–20
21–25
Over 30
Which of the following is a function of the nasal conchae?
Create mucus
Filter blood
Swirl incoming air and increase contact with nasal lining
Secrete surfactant
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?
Simple cuboidal
Stratified squamous
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Transitional
What portion of the lungs does air and blood vessels enter?
Hilus
Alveoli
Pleural cavity
Trachea
Which alveolar cell type is responsible for phagocytosis of debris?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Pneumocyte progenitor
Which of the following structures is responsible for resonating the voice?
Trachea
Paranasal sinuses
Bronchial tree
Larynx
Which bones contain the paranasal sinuses?
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Nasal
Which of the following is a paired cartilage of the larynx?
Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis
Arytenoid
Which lung has three lobes?
Left
Right
Both
Neither
Which structure is the final airway before reaching alveolar sacs?
Bronchi
Terminal bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Trachea
What is the function of cilia in the nasal cavity?
Produce mucus
Humidify the air
Move mucus toward the pharynx
Detect smell
Which part of the bronchial tree directly supplies air to a respiratory lobule?
Main bronchus
Secondary bronchus
Terminal bronchiole
Alveolar sac
The nasal septum is made of both bone and cartilage.
True
False
The right lung has two lobes and the left lung has three lobes.
True
False
Gas exchange occurs in the terminal bronchioles.
True
False
Which are functions of the respiratory system?
Smell
Speech
Oxygen transport
Nutrient absorption
Ventilation
Which features are unique to the left lung?
Cardiac notch
Two lobes
Three lobes
Horizontal fissure
Oblique fissure
Which layers are part of the respiratory membrane?
Surfactant layer
Alveolar epithelium
Interstitial fluid
Capillary endothelium
Visceral pleura
Which factors affect the rate of gas diffusion across the respiratory membrane?
Thickness of the membrane
Surface area
Partial pressure difference
Diffusion coefficient of the gas
Volume of inspired air
A person breathes through their mouth instead of their nose. What function is most likely reduced?
Speech production
Air warming, humidification, and filtration
Control of blood pH
Gas exchange in alveoli
If the alveolar Type II cells are destroyed, what consequence would you expect?
Decreased oxygen transport by hemoglobin
Collapse of alveoli due to lack of surfactant
Excess mucus in the nasal cavity
Narrowing of bronchioles
A disease increases the thickness of the respiratory membrane. Which physiological process is directly affected?
Movement of vocal cords
Rate of oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion
Ciliary action in nasal passages
Air filtration in the trachea
Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for inspiration during quiet breathing?
Internal intercostals
Abdominal recti
Diaphragm
Abdominal obliques
Boyle's Law states that:
Pressure increases as volume increases
Pressure and volume are unrelated
Pressure decreases as volume increases
Volume stays constant regardless of pressure
Which pressure difference drives air into the lungs during inhalation?
Higher alveolar than atmospheric pressure
Higher pleural pressure than alveolar pressure
Lower transpulmonary than atmospheric pressure
Transpulmonary pressure higher than atmospheric
Which volume refers to the amount of air exhaled in addition to tidal volume?
Tidal Volume
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Residual Volume
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
What is the correct formula for Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?
VT + IRV
VT + IRV + ERV
VT + IRV + ERV + RV
IC + FRC
What is the partial pressure of oxygen in deoxygenated (venous) blood?
95 mm Hg
40 mm Hg
45 mm Hg
104 mm Hg
Which law explains that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of each gas’s partial pressure?
Boyle’s Law
Henry’s Law
Dalton’s Law
Charles’s Law
What percentage of oxygen is transported bound to hemoglobin?
3%
23%
70%
97%
Which part of the brain controls the basic rhythm of breathing?
Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata
Thalamus
The pneumotaxic center functions to:
Stimulate inhalation
Delay exhalation
Inhibit inhalation
Initiate deep inhalation
Which type of dead space includes pathologically non-functioning alveoli?
Anatomic dead space
Functional dead space
Physiologic dead space
Residual dead space
Which factor does not directly affect the rate of gas diffusion across the respiratory membrane?
Membrane thickness
Gas solubility
Heart rate
Surface area
Which shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is associated with higher temperature and lower pH?
Left shift
Right shift
Neutral shift
Inverted shift
What is the main form in which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?
Dissolved in plasma
Bound to hemoglobin
As carbon monoxide
As bicarbonate ion
Which respiratory center is responsible for stimulating prolonged inhalation?
Dorsal respiratory group
Ventral respiratory group
Apneustic center
Pneumotaxic center
Which respiratory group is only active during forced breathing as an overdrive mechanism?
Apneustic center
Dorsal respiratory group
Ventral respiratory group
Pneumotaxic center
Which of the following best describes the function of the diaphragm during quiet inspiration?
Contracts upward to compress the lungs
Relaxes to allow rib cage expansion
Contracts downward to increase thoracic volume
Pulls the rib cage inward
Forced expiration is a passive process involving only relaxation of the diaphragm.
True
False
The volume of air inspired or expired in a single breath during normal breathing is called (a)
Which of the following is a component of vital capacity (VC)?
Residual Volume
Tidal Volume + IRV + ERV
Functional Residual Capacity + Tidal Volume
Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume
Which respiratory muscle lifts the sternum during inspiration?
Diaphragm
Internal intercostals
Sternocleidomastoid
Abdominal recti
Which of the following statements best describes eupnea?
Labored breathing
Rapid, shallow breathing
Deep, forceful breathing
Quiet resting breathing
A decrease in alveolar pressure below atmospheric pressure causes air to enter the lungs.
True
False
The functional residual capacity (FRC) includes tidal volume.
True
False
The total lung capacity (TLC) is calculated by adding (a) to vital capacity
The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration is called (a)
The respiratory center located in the pons that prevents over-inflation of the lungs is the (a)
Which best of the options best defines transpulmonary pressure?
The pressure inside the bronchi
The difference between atmospheric and alveolar pressure
The difference between alveolar and pleural pressure
The pressure exerted by chest wall muscles during exercise
Which of the following represents the correct path of oxygen from the environment to body tissues?
Alveoli → Trachea → Capillaries → Arteries → Tissue
Nose/Mouth → Bronchi → Alveoli → Pulmonary capillaries → Hemoglobin → Tissues
Bronchi → Trachea → Lungs → Alveoli → Tissues
Tissues → Capillaries → Hemoglobin → Alveoli → Bronchi
Which of the following correctly compares oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood?
Both are transported primarily dissolved in plasma
Oxygen is mostly transported as bicarbonate; CO₂ binds hemoglobin
Oxygen mainly binds hemoglobin; CO₂ is mostly transported as bicarbonate
Oxygen and CO₂ are transported equally by hemoglobin
