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WorksheetsEXAM 4 LADIESSSS!!!!
Total questions: 59
Worksheet time: 34mins
A nurse is caring for a child with sickle cell disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a trigger for a vaso-occlusive crisis?
Dehydration
Hyperglycemia
High-protein diet
Allergic reaction
A nurse is teaching the parents of an infant prescribed oral iron supplements. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates A NEED FOR FURTHER TEACHING?
“I should avoid giving the iron with milk because it interferes with absorption.”
“I will give the iron between meals to help it absorb better.”
“I’ll expect my baby’s stools to turn greenish-black while on iron.”
“If my baby’s stools remain normal in color, it means the iron is being absorbed well.”
A child is admitted with a diagnosis of Wilms tumor. Which nursing action is the priority?
Encourage frequent abdominal massages to relieve discomfort.
Place a sign above the bed that reads “Do not palpate abdomen.”
Monitor for hematuria and report findings to the provider.
Encourage fluid intake to promote urinary output.
A nurse is assessing a child suspected of having a blood dyscrasia. Which skin findings should alert the nurse to this condition?
Ecchymosis and jaundice
Petechiae and purpura
Pallor and cyanosis
Urticaria and erythema
A nurse is teaching parents about strategies for therapeutic communication with their child. Which statement by the parents indicates correct understanding?
“We should focus on giving strict instructions to maintain control.”
“We will use the HELP strategy by offering hope, showing empathy and loyalty, and participating in a consistent plan of care.”
“We should avoid discussing the plan of care in front of our child.”
“It’s best not to show emotions so our child does not become upset.”
A child with neutropenia is at greatest risk for which complication?
Infection
Hemorrhage
Electrolyte imbalance
Hypertension
A nurse is reviewing causes of iron-deficiency anemia with the parents of a young child. Which of the following are potential causes? Select all that apply.
Severe hemorrhage
Inability to absorb iron
Excessive growth requirements
Inadequate diet
Feeding whole cow’s milk to infants
A nurse is assessing a child with thalassemia major. Which manifestations should the nurse expect? Select all that apply.
Pale appearance and hypoxia
Enlarged liver and spleen
Protruding teeth and changes in facial contour
Abdominal distention with pressure on chest organs
Thin, fragile bones prone to fracture
A nurse is providing dietary teaching to the parents of a child with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following foods are good sources of iron? Select all that apply.
Boiled egg yolk
Leafy green vegetables
Whole-grain bread
Liver
Cream of Wheat
A nurse is reviewing hemophilia with the parents of a child recently diagnosed. Which statement correctly describes the most common type and cause of hemophilia?
Hemophilia B is the most common type and is caused by a deficiency of factor VIII.
Hemophilia A is the most common type and is caused by a deficiency of factor VIII.
Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of factor IX and accounts for 85% of cases.
Hemophilia B is the most common type and is caused by a deficiency of factor IX.
A nurse is reviewing sickle cell crises with a group of new pediatric nurses. Which type of crisis is characterized by obstruction of blood flow, infarctions, and pain, making it the most common type?
Hyperhemolytic crisis
Aplastic crisis
Splenic sequestration
Vaso-occlusive crisis
A nurse is monitoring a child receiving a blood transfusion. Which of the following signs should alert the nurse to a possible transfusion reaction? Select all that apply.
Chills
Itching/rash
Fever
Headache
Back pain
A nurse is teaching parents about testing for sickle cell. Which test confirms sickle cell disease, rather than just the trait?
Sickling test (Sickledex)
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
Complete blood count (CBC)
Reticulocyte count
Peripheral smear
A nurse is reviewing the formed elements of blood with a student nurse. Which of the following are considered formed elements? Select all that apply.
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Electrolytes
A nurse is assessing a newborn for esophageal atresia. Which manifestations should the nurse expect? Select all that apply.
Coughing and choking during the first feeding
Cyanosis and apnea
Abdominal distention
Jaundice
Diarrhea
A nurse is teaching parents about lead poisoning in children. What is the most common source of lead exposure?
Old household paint
Contaminated water
Gasoline fumes
Solder in food cans
toys made of plastic
A nurse is teaching the parents of a child diagnosed with celiac disease. Which type of diet should the nurse recommend?
Gluten-free
Low-fat
Low-sodium
High-protein
Dairy-free
A nurse is teaching parents about the treatment of a chronic hydrocele in their child. Which statement is correct?
Chronic hydroceles usually resolve without intervention after 6 months.
Surgery is indicated if the hydrocele persists beyond 1 year.
Hydroceles are treated with antibiotics to reduce swelling.
Postoperative care is not necessary after hydrocele repair.
A nurse is assessing a child with suspected acute glomerulonephritis. Which manifestations should the nurse expect? Select all that apply.
Periorbital edema in the morning
Smoky brown or bloody urine
Increased urine output
Elevated BUN and creatinine
Reduced serum complement (C3)
A nurse is teaching parents ways to prevent urinary tract infections in their child. Which instructions should the nurse include? Select all that apply.
Cleanse the perineum with each diaper change
Wipe from front to back
Avoid bubble baths
Encourage the child to urinate after a bath
Use tight-fitting pants
A nurse is teaching parents about urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. Which organism is the most common cause of UTIs?
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella pneumoniae
A nurse is teaching parents about treating diaper dermatitis. Which instructions should the nurse include?
Apply a thick layer of zinc oxide to the affected area
Use an antifungal cream if a yeast infection is present
Apply ointments containing vitamins A and D or lanolin for prevention
Change diapers frequently to keep the area dry
All of the above
A nurse is teaching a female patient of childbearing age who is prescribed isotretinoin for acne. Which requirement is essential before starting therapy?
Use two forms of birth control before, during, and after treatment
Have two negative pregnancy tests 30 days apart
Have a negative pregnancy test before each prescription refill and at treatment termination
All of the above
A nurse is assessing a child for head lice. Which manifestations should the nurse expect? Select all that apply.
Severe itching of the scalp
Matted hair with crusts and nits
Pustules and excoriations on the face
Foul odor from the hair
Fever
A nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology of diabetes insipidus. Which gland is primarily involved in this condition?
Anterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal
A nurse is teaching a child with diabetes mellitus and their parents about diet. Which statements are correct regarding dietary management? Select all that apply.
Intake should be 55% carbohydrates, 30% fat, and 15% protein
Focus on complex carbohydrates that absorb slowly
Include foods high in soluble fiber to help lower blood glucose
Only track protein intake
Raw fruits, vegetables, bran cereals, beans, peas, and lentils are good sources of fiber
A nurse is assessing an infant for hypothyroidism. Which manifestations should the nurse expect? Select all that apply.
Excessive sleepiness and sluggishness
Enlarged tongue with noisy respirations
Dry, cold skin and cold extremities
Hypotonia and floppy muscles
Chronic constipation
A nurse is reviewing the functions of the endocrine system with a student nurse. Which of the following are primary responsibilities of the endocrine system? Select all that apply.
Regulating growth and maturation
Controlling reproduction
Responding to stress
Filtering blood and producing urine
Regulating metabolic processes
A nurse is preparing an immunization clinic. Which medication is essential to have immediately available?
Diphenhydramine
Acetaminophen
Epinephrine
Albuterol
A nurse is planning care for a child with HIV/AIDS. What is the primary goal of care?
Cure the infection completely
Slow viral growth, prevent opportunistic infections, and provide supportive care
Limit physical activity to reduce energy expenditure
Avoid all vaccinations
A nurse is reviewing risk factors for ADHD with a group of parents. Which factors are associated with an increased risk of ADHD? Select all that apply.
Strong genetic component
Maternal drug, alcohol, or tobacco use during pregnancy
Exposure to lead in utero
Low birth weight
Structural and functional brain abnormalities
A nurse is reviewing causes of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with a parent group. Which of the following can contribute to the development of PTSD? Select all that apply.
Genetic predisposition
Traumatic or repeated trauma
Psychiatric disorders
Witnessing violent acts (homicide, suicide, or assault)
Natural disasters or sexual abuse
The nurse is assessing a child for possible depression. Which of the following manifestations are consistent with depression? Select all that apply.
Irritability
Loss of appetite
Social withdrawal
Sudden drop in grades
Feelings of worthlessness
A nurse is providing support to a family whose preschool child is asking questions about death. Which of the following statements reflects how children perceive death based on their developmental stage?
Preschool children often view death as reversible and may believe they caused it.
School-age children under 9 years old usually understand death as permanent.
Adolescents believe death is temporary and rely mainly on fantasy.
Preschool children have a mature understanding that death is permanent.
A nurse is teaching parents of an infant diagnosed with GERD. Which of the following instructions should be included in the teaching?
Burp the infant frequently during feedings.
Avoid overfeeding to prevent stomach distention.
Feed the infant no more than the age in months plus 3 ounces per feeding.
Position the infant properly after feeding.
Which of the following are the classic triad symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polyphagia
Weight gain
Which skin lesion is described as a flat, discolored area such as a freckle?
Papule
Pustule
Vesicle
Macule
Which term describes a disease that is constantly present in a specific region or population?
Epidemic
Endemic
Pandemic
Sporadic
A nurse is caring for a patient with tuberculosis. Which type of infection control requires the use of an N95 respirator?
Contact
Droplet
Airborne
Standard
A nurse is reviewing infection transmission with a student nurse. Which statement correctly differentiates the two types of transmission?
Direct transmission occurs via vectors or contaminated objects, while indirect transmission is person-to-person.
Direct transmission is person-to-person, while indirect transmission occurs via vectors or fomites.
Both direct and indirect transmission are always airborne.
Direct transmission requires a fomite, while indirect does not.
After administering a vaccine to a child, how long should the nurse observe the child for potential adverse reactions?
5 minutes
10 minutes
15 minutes
20 minutes
A nurse is reviewing infection transmission. Which statement correctly defines a vector and a fomite?
Vector – an inanimate object that transmits infection; Fomite – a carrier that transmits an infective agent
Vector – a carrier that transmits an infective agent; Fomite – an inanimate object that transmits infection
Vector – a type of vaccine; Fomite – a type of antibiotic
Vector – airborne particle; Fomite – person-to-person contact
A nurse is reviewing diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus. Which finding confirms a diagnosis of diabetes?
Fasting blood glucose of 100 mg/dL on two separate occasions
Fasting blood glucose of 126 mg/dL after no caloric intake for 8 hours on two separate occasions
Random blood glucose of 90 mg/dL
HbA1c of 5%
A nurse is reviewing the health history of two patients newly diagnosed with diabetes. Patient A has an autoimmune condition destroying pancreatic beta cells, and Patient B is obese, leads a sedentary lifestyle, and has dark pigmentation in the skin folds of the neck and axilla. Which type of diabetes does each patient most likely have?
Patient A: Type 2 DM; Patient B: Type 1 DM
Patient A: Type 1 DM; Patient B: Type 2 DM
Patient A: Type 2 DM; Patient B: Type 2 DM
Patient A: Type 1 DM; Patient B: Type 1 DM
A nurse is educating parents about Tay-Sachs disease. Which statement accurately describes the cause and expected prognosis of this condition?
Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a deficiency of lysosomal-beta-hexosaminidase, leading to fat accumulation in nerve cells; most children die before age 5.
Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a bacterial infection and can be treated with antibiotics.
Tay-Sachs disease is an autoimmune disorder that slows growth but allows normal lifespan.
Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a deficiency of insulin and can be managed with diet and medication.
A nurse is caring for a newborn diagnosed with hypospadias. The parents ask about chordee. How should the nurse explain this condition?
A condition in which the foreskin is too tight and cannot be retracted
An infection of the penile tissue causing swelling and redness
A congenital anomaly where a fibrous strand of tissue extends from the scrotum to the penis, preventing normal elevation during urination
A curvature of the penis that develops during adolescence due to trauma
A nurse is educating parents about congenital penile anomalies. Which statement correctly distinguishes hypospadias from epispadias?
In hypospadias, the urinary meatus is on the upper surface of the penis; in epispadias, it is on the lower shaft.
Hypospadias is fairly common and involves the urinary meatus on the lower shaft, often accompanied by chordee; epispadias involves the meatus on the upper surface of the penis.
Both hypospadias and epispadias are rare and always involve the urinary meatus at the tip of the penis.
Epispadias is more common than hypospadias and usually resolves without surgery.
A nurse is reviewing penile conditions with a parent. Which statement correctly differentiates phimosis from paraphimosis?
.
Phimosis occurs when the foreskin is retracted and cannot return to its normal position; paraphimosis is when the foreskin cannot be retracted at all.
Paraphimosis is common in newborns; phimosis only occurs in adults after trauma
Both phimosis and paraphimosis are infections of the foreskin causing swelling and redness.
Phimosis is a narrowing of the foreskin opening that prevents retraction; paraphimosis occurs when the foreskin is retracted and cannot return, which may impede circulation.
A nurse is assessing a child with dehydration. Which description correctly matches the type of dehydration with its fluid and electrolyte loss?
Isotonic dehydration: more water than electrolytes lost; Hypertonic dehydration: equal fluid and electrolyte loss; Hypotonic dehydration: more electrolytes lost than water.
Isotonic dehydration: equal fluid and electrolyte loss; Hypertonic dehydration: more water lost than electrolytes; Hypotonic dehydration: more electrolytes lost than water.
Isotonic dehydration: more electrolytes lost than water; Hypertonic dehydration: more water lost than electrolytes; Hypotonic dehydration: equal fluid and electrolyte loss.
Isotonic dehydration: only water lost; Hypertonic dehydration: only electrolytes lost; Hypotonic dehydration: no fluid lost.
A nurse is assessing stool characteristics in children with gastrointestinal disorders. Which pairing of disorder and stool description is correct?
A. Celiac disease: ribbonlike stools; Hirschsprung disease: large, bulky, foul-smelling stools; Intussusception: jelly-like stools
B. Celiac disease: large, bulky, foul-smelling, frothy stools; Hirschsprung disease: ribbonlike stools; Intussusception: jelly-like stools
C. Celiac disease: jelly-like stools; Hirschsprung disease: frothy stools; Intussusception: large, bulky stools
D. Celiac disease: ribbonlike stools; Hirschsprung disease: jelly-like stools; Intussusception: foul-smelling stools
Celiac disease: large, bulky, foul-smelling, frothy stools; Hirschsprung disease: ribbonlike stools; Intussusception: jelly-like stools
Celiac disease: jelly-like stools; Hirschsprung disease: frothy stools; Intussusception: large, bulky stools
Celiac disease: ribbonlike stools; Hirschsprung disease: jelly-like stools; Intussusception: foul-smelling stools
Celiac disease: ribbonlike stools; Hirschsprung disease: large, bulky, foul-smelling stools; Intussusception: jelly-like stools
A nurse is assessing a child for bowel issues. Which statement best defines constipation?
Frequent, watery stools with mucus
Defecation that is difficult or infrequent, often with hard, dry fecal material, sometimes accompanied by abdominal discomfort or blood-streaked stools
Sudden onset of jelly-like stools containing blood and mucus
Passage of ribbonlike stools due to a narrowed segment of the colon
A nurse is reviewing factors that may cause noninfectious diarrhea in infants. Which of the following is a common cause?
Infection with rotavirus
Food intolerance, overfeeding, improper formula preparation, or ingestion of high amounts of sorbitol
Appendicitis
Hirschsprung disease
A nurse is teaching a parent about dietary management for a child with diarrhea. Which of the following should be avoided?
Crackers and rice
Bananas and applesauce
Oral rehydration solutions
Clear fluids, fruit juice without pulp, gelatin, carbonated drinks, caffeinated sodas, and chicken broth
A nurse is educating parents about rickets. Which statement correctly identifies the cause of this disease?
Rickets is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, leading to improper bone mineralization in infancy and childhood.
Rickets is caused by a lack of calcium intake in adults only.
Rickets is an infectious disease affecting the bones.
Rickets occurs due to excessive vitamin D intake.
A nurse is reviewing pain management for a child experiencing a sickle cell crisis. Which medication is contraindicated for this patient?
Morphine
Acetaminophen
Meperidine (Demerol)
Ibuprofen
A nurse is planning nutritional care for a patient recovering from severe burns. Which dietary recommendation is appropriate?
Provide a low-protein diet to prevent kidney overload
Encourage frequent feedings of foods high in calories, protein, and iron, with supplements of vitamins A, B, C, and zinc
Limit meals to three per day with minimal snacks
Focus only on carbohydrate intake to maintain energy
A nurse is caring for a patient who sustained severe burns in a house fire. What should be the first action in the patient’s care?
Apply topical antibiotic ointment to all burn areas
Establish an airway, especially if facial burns or smoke inhalation are present
Begin oral pain medication
Take the patient’s weight and measure height
A nurse is reviewing treatment options for pediatric patients with Hirschsprung disease and intussusception. Which statement correctly identifies the initial treatment for each condition?
Hirschsprung disease: barium enema; Intussusception: surgical removal of impaired colon
Hirschsprung disease: surgery to remove the impaired part of the colon with possible colostomy; Intussusception: barium or air enema, with surgery if unsuccessful
Hirschsprung disease: high-fiber diet; Intussusception: laxatives
Hirschsprung disease: watchful waiting; Intussusception: immediate surgery in all cases
A nurse is assessing a child suspected of having scabies. Which manifestation is most characteristic of this condition?
Large, flat, dry patches of skin with minimal itching
Intense itching, especially at night, with burrows under the skin, sometimes between the fingers; vesiculopustular lesions may occur in children
Red, inflamed skin with yellow crusting but no itching
Painful ulcers on the mucous membranes
