Weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition can alter the appearance of rock formations.

Fill in the blank: Rocks are made of mixtures of _______ and other materials.

How many rock-forming minerals make up most of Earth's crust?

A rock's color can hint at its mineral composition. For example, granite is ______-colored and high in silica.

Which of the following best describes the texture of rocks?

Grain size, shape, and pattern help describe _______.

Coarse-grained rocks have:

Fine-grained rocks have grains that are:

Geologists classify rocks into how many types based on how they form?

Fill in the blank: Igneous rocks form from cooled _______ or lava.

Sedimentary rocks are made from compacted and cemented rock pieces, ______, or animal remains.

What type of rock forms when molten rock cools and hardens?

Extrusive rocks form from lava on Earth's surface.

Intrusive rocks form from magma beneath Earth's surface.

Cooling speed affects the texture of igneous rocks. Fast cooling results in ______-grained texture, while slow cooling results in ______-grained texture.

Sedimentary rocks form from small rock pieces (sediment) that are pressed and cemented together.

What is the first step in the formation process of sedimentary rocks?

Which process involves sediments being carried by wind, water, or ice in the formation of sedimentary rocks?

During the formation of sedimentary rocks, what is the process called when sediments settle?

What is the process called when layers of sediments press together in the formation of sedimentary rocks?

What is the process called when minerals glue sediments into rock in the formation of sedimentary rocks?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sedimentary rock?

Formed by heat, pressure, or chemical changes. What type of rock is this?

Often form deep inside Earth. What type of rock is this?

Can change texture and composition. What type of rock is this?

What is the term for rocks with layers or bands?

What is the term for rocks with no layers and minerals arranged randomly?

Rocks constantly change through: a. Melting and cooling (______________ rock).

Rocks constantly change through: b. Weathering, erosion, compaction, and cementation (_________________ rock).

Rocks constantly change through: c. Heat and pressure (__________________ rock).

What are the sources of energy that drive changes in rocks?

Rocks are made of ________________________________ and other materials.

Geologists describe rocks based on ________________________, ________________________, and ________________________

About 20 rock-forming minerals make up most of ____________________________

A rock’s ________________ can hint at its mineral composition (e.g., granite is light-colored and high in silica).

Rocks are made of ____________________________

C. Texture of Rocks 3. ____________________ : Large grains easy to see.

C. Texture of Rocks 4. ____________________ : Tiny grains visible only under a microscope.

Geologists classify rocks into ____________ types based on how they ________________ :

Form from cooled magma or lava.

________________________: Made from compacted and cemented rock pieces, plants, or animal remains.

Form when heat and pressure change existing rock.

Form when ____________________________________________

______________________: Form from lava on Earth's surface (e.g., basalt).

Form from magma beneath Earth's surface (e.g., granite).

Formation Process: a. _______________________________: Rocks break down.

Formation Process: c. ________________________: Sediments settle.

Formation Process: e. ________________________: Minerals glue sediments into rock.

Metamorphic Rocks 1. Formed by ______________, ________________, or ________________

Metamorphic Rocks a. Often form _______________________________

Metamorphic Rocks c. ________________________: Have layers or bands (e.g., gneiss).

The Flow of Energy Rocks constantly change through: d. Melting and cooling (______________ rock).

Rocks constantly change through: e. Weathering, erosion, compaction, and cementation (__________________ rock).

Energy from the _________ and Earth's ____________ drives these changes.

What is the rock cycle?

Fill in the blank: Weathering breaks down rocks into _____

Fill in the blank: Erosion carries _____ away.

Fill in the blank: Deposition drops _____ in new places.

Fill in the blank: Compaction & Cementation turns sediment into _____ rock.

Fill in the blank: Heat & Pressure changes rocks into _____ rock.

Fill in the blank: Melting turns rock into _____

Fill in the blank: Cooling & Solidification turns magma into _____ rock.

Fill in the blank: Volcanic Activity brings magma to the surface as _____

Which process changes rocks into metamorphic rock?

Granite is formed underground from cooled _____

Fill in the blank: Sediment carried to the ocean and compacted forms _____ (a type of rock).

Fill in the blank: Sandstone buried and changed turns into _____ (a metamorphic rock).

Plate tectonic movement helps drive the _________

What are huge plates that slowly move over Earth's surface called?

As plates move, they carry ________ and ________ with them.

Source of igneous rock: plate movements that help drive the rock cycle to form ________.

When oceanic plates move apart, what happens?

What happens when an oceanic plate moves beneath a continental plate?

Collision of continental plates can push up a mountain range, forming ________ rock.

The Cycling of Earth's Materials: ____________________________ is always changing.

The Cycling of Earth's Materials: ________________ in the crust are constantly built, destroyed, and changed.

The Cycling of Earth's Materials: changes happen due to forces _________________ and on the _____________________.

The Cycling of Earth's Materials: ____________________: series of natural processes that slowly change rocks from one kind to another.

What process breaks down rocks into sediment?

What process carries sediment away?

What process drops sediment in new places?

What process turns sediment into sedimentary rock?

What process changes rocks into metamorphic rock?

What process turns magma into igneous rock?

What process brings magma to the surface as lava?

1. ____________________________ movement helps drive the rock cycle

1a. Huge plates that slowly move over ____________________________

2. As plates move, they carry ________________ and ____________________ with them

Source of igneous rock: plate movements that help drive the rock cycle to form magma

5. Oceanic plates moves ___________________________________________: magma forms and rises, volcano with lava flowing on overlying plate