Worksheetsgen psychology 1
Total questions: 158
Worksheet time: 2hrs 59mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
“Humans developed a unique waking-sleep cycle that maximized our chances of survival,” is a statement most typical of
a)
developmental psychologists
b)
physiological psychologists
c)
psychoanalysts
d)
evolutionary psychologists
2.
A landscape painting shows boats on a lake in the foreground and mountains farther away. Of the following, which cue would not contribute to your perception that the mountains are farther away than the boats in the picture?
a)
texture gradient
b)
linear perspective
c)
relative height
d)
retinal disparity
3.
A neuron without terminal buttons would be unable to
a)
receive information from neighboring neurons
b)
generate an action potential
c)
direct the synthesis of neurotransmitters
d)
secrete neurotransmitters to postsynaptic neurons
4.
A quasi-experiment cannot be considered a controlled experiment because
a)
subjects cannot be randomly selected
b)
subjects cannot be randomly assigned
c)
experimenter bias is unavoidable
d)
demand characteristics are unavoidable
5.
According to psychodynamic psychologists, the Unconscious
a)
processes information of which you are unaware
b)
includes unacceptable feelings, wishes, and thoughts
c)
is characterized by loss of responsiveness to the environment
d)
is synonymous with the preconscious
6.
After her bridal shower, a young woman dreamed that she was dining with her parents when a young guy grabbed her wallet containing her driver’s license, credit cards, cash, and family pictures. She awoke in a cold sweat. After discussing the dream with a friend, she realized that she felt anxious about losing her identity in her approaching marriage. This explanation of her dream represents the
a)
manifest content
b)
latent content
c)
ego
d)
activation-synthesis theory
7.
Although sound comes from speakers on the sides of the room, viewers watching a movie perceive the sound coming from the screen. This phenomenon is best accounted for by
a)
visual capture
b)
proximity
c)
closure
d)
opponent-processes
8.
As you are reading this question, you are probably not thinking about what you ate for lunch. The memory of what you ate for lunch is most likely in your
a)
nonconscious
b)
preconscious
c)
unconsciousness
d)
sensory memory
9.
Carlos was just able to perceive a difference in weight when Maria removed two of the 50 jelly beans from his plastic bag. It is most likely that if Carlos had the jumbo bag of 100 jelly beans, the smallest number of jelly beans he could notice removed would be
a)
2
b)
4
c)
8
d)
16
10.
Chimpanzees given tokens for performing tricks were able to put the tokens in vending machines to get grapes. The tokens acted as
a)
primary reinforcers
b)
classical conditioning
c)
secondary reinforcers
d)
negative reinforcers
11.
Conventional hearing aids may restore hearing by
a)
restoring functionality to a badly punctured eardrum
b)
amplifying vibrations conducted by facial bones to the cochlea
c)
translating sounds into electrical signals wired into the cochlea’s nerves
d)
stimulating the semicircular canals to transduce sound waves
12.
Dr. Didden was hired by the TLC Company to help them retain their employees without lowering the firm’s profits. After TLC removed cubicles and permitted employees to decorate their workroom as recommended by Dr. Didden, the absentee rate declined and no employees left for jobs elsewhere. Dr. Didden is most likely to be
a)
a forensic psychologist
b)
an industrial/organizational psychologist
c)
a counseling psychologist
d)
a clinical psychologist
13.
During paradoxical sleep, muscles seem paralyzed And
a)
eyes dart about in various directions
b)
breathing is slow and shallow
c)
night terrors are likely
d)
sleepwalking occurs
14.
Gunshot wounds, tumors, and strokes all result in
a)
infections
b)
significant loss of function
c)
lesions
d)
pain
15.
If a previous experience has given your pet the expectancy that nothing it does will prevent an aversive stimulus from occurring, it will likely
a)
be motivated to seek comfort from you
b)
experience learned helplessness
c)
model the behavior of other pets in hopes of avoiding it
d)
seek out challenges like this in the future to disprove the expectation
16.
If Aristotle and Locke, who both believed that what we know is acquired from experience, were alive today, they would best agree with the
a)
behavioral approach
b)
psychoanalytic approach
c)
humanistic approach
d)
biological approach
17.
If the trainer conditions the pigeon to peck at a red circle and then only gives him a reward if he pecks at the green circle when both a red and green circle appear, the pigeon is demonstrating
a)
matching-to-sample generalization
b)
abstract learning
c)
intrinsic motivation
d)
insight
18.
In small quantities, alcohol can be mistaken for a stimulant because it
a)
inhibits control of emotions
b)
stimulates the sympathetic nervous system
c)
speeds up respiration and heartbeat
d)
induces sleep
19.
Jamel got very sick after eating some mushrooms on a pizza at his friend’s house. He didn’t know that he had a stomach virus at the time, blamed his illness on the mushrooms, and refused to eat them again. Which of the following is the unconditioned stimulus for his taste aversion to mushrooms?
a)
pizza
b)
stomach virus
c)
mushrooms
d)
headache
20.
John loves to fish. He puts his line in the water and leaves it there until he feels a tug. On what reinforcement schedule is he rewarded?
a)
continuous reinforcement
b)
fixed ratio
c)
fixed interval
d)
variable interval
21.
John wants to study the effects of alcohol on the behavior of college students. For his study, he spends 5 hours every night for 2 weeks at a bar near a college watching how the patrons act before and after drinking alcoholic beverages. The research method John is employing is a
a)
controlled experiment
b)
quasi-experiment
c)
test
d)
naturalistic observation
22.
Latent learning is best described by which of the following?
a)
innate responses of an organism preventing new learning and associations
b)
unconscious meaning that is attributed to new response patterns
c)
response patterns that become extinguished gradually over time
d)
learning that occurs in the absence of rewards
23.
Loss of the ability of the brain to produce adequate levels of dopamine often leads to
a)
aphasia
b)
Alzheimer’s disease
c)
Parkinson’s disease
d)
bipolar disorder
24.
Mechanical energy of vibrations is transduced to the electrochemical energy of neural impulses at the
a)
retina
b)
lens
c)
cochlea
d)
olfactory mucosa
25.
Monitoring by the hidden observer during hypnosis provides evidence for
a)
the nonconscious
b)
activation-synthesis
c)
dissociation of consciousness
d)
role playing
26.
Mr. Jenkins’ suffered a “stroke” as a result of a brain injury. Although he can still move the fingers on his right hand, he has lost sensation in these parts. Of the following, the site of damage to his brain is most likely in the
a)
right frontal lobe
b)
right temporal lobe
c)
left frontal lobe
d)
left parietal lobe
27.
Neural impulses go directly to the cortex without passing through the thalamus from receptors in the
a)
retina
b)
joints
c)
cochlea
d)
olfactory epithelium
28.
Nightmares most frequently occur during
a)
stage 1
b)
stage 2
c)
stage 3
d)
REM
29.
Of the following, the effect of adrenalin on the body is most similar to the effect of the
a)
cerebellum
b)
parathyroids
c)
somatic nervous system
d)
sympathetic nervous system
30.
Of the following, the strongest positive correlation would most likely be shown between
a)
an adult’s weight and running speed
b)
close friendships and happiness
c)
sense of humor and years of education
d)
poverty and good health
31.
Of the following, which are located exclusively in the central nervous system?
a)
afferent neurons
b)
interneurons
c)
efferent neurons
d)
glial cells
32.
Of the following, which can establish a cause and effect relationship?
a)
controlled experiment
b)
quasi-experiment
c)
correlational research
d)
All of them
33.
Of the following, which is not a basic taste?
a)
sweet
b)
salty
c)
peppery
d)
bitter
34.
Of the following, which pair of psychoactive drugs shares the most similar effects on the brain?
a)
alcohol–marijuana
b)
caffeine–morphine
c)
nicotine–heroin
d)
amphetamines–cocaine
35.
Of the following, which research method is most effective for studying unusually complex or rare phenomena?
a)
controlled experiment
b)
quasi-experiment
c)
test
d)
case study
36.
Of the following, which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between political party membership and attitude toward the death penalty?
a)
controlled experiment
b)
quasi-experiment
c)
test
d)
survey
37.
On its way to the cones and rods of the eye, (in order) light passes through the
a)
cornea, vitreous humor, lens, iris, aqueous humor
b)
sclera, lens, pupil, iris, vitreous humor
c)
cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor
d)
sclera, aqueous humor, lens, pupil, vitreous humor
38.
Once Pavlov’s dogs learned to salivate to the sound of a tuning fork, the tuning fork was a(n)
a)
unconditioned stimulus
b)
neutral stimulus
c)
conditioned stimulus
d)
unconditioned response
39.
Organized sets of concepts that explain phenomena are
a)
independent variables
b)
dependent variables
c)
hypotheses
d)
theories
40.
Paul Broca found that the loss of the ability to speak intelligibly is associated with damage to a region of the brain in the
a)
thalamus
b)
right parietal lobe
c)
right occipital lobe
d)
left frontal lobe
41.
Rats were more likely to learn an aversion to bright lights and noise with water if they were associated with electric shocks rather than with flavors or poisoned food. This illustrates
a)
insight
b)
preparedness
c)
extinction
d)
observational learning
42.
Receptors for kinesthesis are located in the
a)
retina
b)
joints
c)
semicircular canals
d)
olfactory epithelium
43.
Scientists are able to see changes in the brain as it processes information by means of
a)
lesioning
b)
autopsy
c)
CT
d)
PET
44.
Shaping is
a)
a pattern of responses that must be made before classical conditioning is completed
b)
rewarding behaviors that get closer and closer to the desired goal behavior
c)
completing a set of behaviors in succession before a reward is given
d)
giving you chocolate pudding to increase the likelihood you will eat more carrots
45.
Spontaneous recovery refers to the
a)
reacquisition of a previously learned behavior
b)
reappearance of a previously extinguished CR after a rest period
c)
return of a behavior after punishment has ended
d)
tendency of newly acquired responses to be intermittent at first
46.
The part of the brain most closely associated with maintaining balance and the coordination of complex sequences of movements is the
a)
hypothalamus
b)
thalamus
c)
pons
d)
cerebellum
47.
The question “Is intelligence more influenced by heredity or experience?” deals with a big issue in psychology known as
a)
stability vs. change
b)
mind-body dualism
c)
rationality vs. irrationality
d)
nature vs. nurture
48.
The simplest behaviors we carry on
a)
are learned when we are infants
b)
do not involve the central nervous system
c)
are called instincts
d)
include sneezing and blinking
49.
The theory that best accounts for the experience of pain is
a)
the opponent-process theory
b)
Weber’s law
c)
the trichromatic theory
d)
the gate-control theory
50.
Traveling in a jet plane from California to New York is most likely to
a)
disrupt your circadian rhythms
b)
prevent the onset of REM sleep
c)
stimulate your parasympathetic nervous system
d)
induce delta brain waves
51.
Watson and Rayner’s classical conditioning of “Little Albert” was helpful in explaining that
a)
some conditioned stimuli do not generalize
b)
human emotions such as fear are subject to classical conditioning
c)
drug dependency is subject to classical as well as operant conditioning
d)
small children are not as easily conditioned as older children
52.
When a fortune teller claims to have the ability to see what the person you will meet and marry 10 years from now will look like, the person is professing to possess the ability of
a)
telepathy
b)
clairvoyance
c)
precognition
d)
telekinesis
53.
When food supplies may be unsafe, which of the following would have an adaptive advantage over most other people?
a)
Supertasters
b)
Average Tasters
c)
Nontasters
d)
All of them
54.
Which has enabled psychologists to learn the most about sleep processes over the last 50 years?
a)
psychopharmacology
b)
lesions
c)
EEGs
d)
CT scans
55.
Which includes all of the others?
a)
autonomic nervous system
b)
peripheral nervous system
c)
somatic nervous system
d)
parasympathetic nervous system
56.
Which of the following best reflects negative reinforcement?
a)
Teresa is scolded when she runs through the house yelling.
b)
Lina is not allowed to watch television until after she has finished her homework.
c)
Greg changes his math class so he doesn’t have to see his old girlfriend.
d)
Aditya is praised for having the best essay in the class.
57.
Which of the following glands interact(s) most directly with all of the others to help regulate body processes?
a)
pituitary
b)
adrenals
c)
parathyroids
d)
thyroid
58.
Which of the following must be males?
a)
dizygotic twins
b)
monozygotic twins
c)
Down syndrome children
d)
Klinefelter’s syndrome children
59.
Which of the following responses is not learned through operant conditioning?
a)
a rat learning to press a bar to get food
b)
dogs jumping over a hurdle to avoid electric shock
c)
fish swimming to the top of the tank when a light goes on
d)
pigeons learning to turn in circles for a reward
60.
Which psychological approach is most concerned with the importance of encoding, storing, and retrieving information?
a)
information technology
b)
behavioral approach
c)
psychodynamic approach
d)
cognitive approach
61.
Which sense is least involved in enabling you to maintain your balance when you stand on one foot?
a)
kinesthesis
b)
olfaction
c)
vision
d)
vestibular sense
62.
Which stage of sleep is characterized by brain waves with spindles and K-complexes?
a)
stage 1
b)
stage 2
c)
stage 3
d)
stage 4
63.
Which stimulate a muscle to contract?
a)
adrenal hormones
b)
receptors
c)
sensory neurons
d)
motor neurons
64.
Which task is primarily a right cerebral hemisphere function in most people?
a)
understanding written language
b)
understanding spoken language
c)
processing visual information from the left eye
d)
recognizing faces
65.
While readying to take a free-throw shot, you suddenly arrive at the answer to a chemistry problem you’d been working on several hours before. This is an example of
a)
insight
b)
backward conditioning
c)
latent learning
d)
discrimination
66.
Wilhelm Wundt and the structuralists studied questions still asked today primarily by
a)
behavioral psychologists
b)
cognitive psychologists
c)
psychodynamic psychologists
d)
humanistic psychologists
67.
With which definition of psychology would John Watson and B. F. Skinner most agree?
a)
Psychology is the science of behavior
b)
Psychology is the science of mental processes
c)
Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes
d)
Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes specific to contexts
68.
Your tendency to see the words “went” and “ties,” rather than the word "twenties” when you look at T WENT TIES is best explained by the organizing principle of
a)
bottom-up processing
b)
closure
c)
continuity
d)
proximity
69.
Zen Buddhists and others practicing meditation are better able than most other people to stimulate their
a)
sympathetic nervous systems
b)
parasympathetic nervous systems
c)
somatic nervous systems
d)
salivation
70.
A charity sends you some greeting cards and you feel that you should send them a small contribution. This feeling comes from the persuasion technique called
a)
foot-in-the-door
b)
reciprocity
c)
door-in-the-face technique
d)
low-ball technique
71.
A common feature among people diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder is
a)
early childhood sexual or physical abuse
b)
repeated physical complaints
c)
relatives suffering from bipolar disorder
d)
excess of dopamine
72.
A delusion is a
a)
phobia of being in social situations
b)
misperception of auditory and visual stimuli
c)
faulty and disordered thought pattern
d)
first indication of dissociative disorders
73.
A relatively permanent characteristic of personality that can be used to predict behavior is
a)
the id
b)
the ego
c)
the superego
d)
a trait
74.
A soldier who experiences sudden blindness after seeing his buddies killed in battle is best diagnosed with
a)
a phobic disorder
b)
hypochondriasis
c)
bipolar disorder
d)
conversion disorder
75.
A young woman was gunned down at a gas station. A busload of onlookers saw the entire event and no one did anything. The bus driver even stepped over the body to pay for his gas. What social psychological phenomenon best accounts for this behavior?
a)
groupthink
b)
altruism
c)
social impairment
d)
diffusion of responsibility
76.
According to the levels of processing theory of memory
a)
we remember items that are repeated again and again
b)
deep processing involves elaborative rehearsal, ensuring encoding into long-term memory
c)
input, output, and storage are the three levels
d)
maintenance rehearsal will encode items into our long-term memory
77.
According to the Yerkes-Dodson model, when facing a very difficult challenge, which level of arousal would probably lead to the best outcome?
a)
a very low level
b)
a moderately low level
c)
a moderate level
d)
a moderately high level
78.
Adam loved the girlfriend who dropped him, but acts as if he’s glad to be rid of her. His behavior most clearly illustrates which of the following Freudian defense mechanisms?
a)
repression
b)
projection
c)
reaction formation
d)
sublimation
79.
Adit really likes the appearance of the Chevy Blazer his friend is selling, but knows he should be more conservative with his money. What type of conflict situation is he facing?
a)
approach-approach
b)
approach-avoidance
c)
avoidance–avoidance
d)
multiple approach–avoidance
80.
Adler would not have agreed with the importance of which of the following ideas?
a)
birth order
b)
styles of life
c)
striving for superiority
d)
womb envy
81.
After conducting a meta-analysis of over 475 outcome studies on the effectiveness of psychotherapies, psychologists concluded that
a)
evidence supported its efficacy
b)
psychotherapy is no more effective than talking to a friend
c)
the potential to do further harm to the patient with psychotropic drugs outweighs its effectiveness
d)
psychotherapy proves no more beneficial than no treatment at all
82.
All of the following are classified as anxiety disorders EXCEPT
a)
phobias
b)
post-traumatic stress
c)
panic
d)
hypochondriasis
83.
All of the following are potential benefits of group therapy EXCEPT
a)
it is often more economical than 1:1 treatment
b)
it does not require the services of a mental health professional
c)
clients with similar problems can provide helpful insight and feedback to peers
d)
group members can see how their problems might impact others
84.
Although Graham has not yet met his future college roommate, he learned that the roommate is a football player. He is anxious and unhappy about sharing his room with a football player because he expects that his roommate will be a “party animal” who makes studying in his room difficult. Graham’s attitude can be classified as
a)
stereotype threat
b)
prejudice
c)
discrimination
d)
scapegoating
85.
An unplanned social change that occurred as a result of deinstitutionalization was
a)
the rise of a multitude of group homes to provide care for these former patients
b)
a rise in the number of better psychotropic drugs to treat schizophrenia and bipolar illness
c)
an increase in the number of schizophrenics among the homeless population in urban centers
d)
an increase in the use of the insanity plea to avoid long-term incarceration
86.
Andre suffers from mood swings, alternating from wild episodes of euphoria and spending sprees to motionless staring and hopelessness. A drug to treat his condition is
a)
Lithium carbonate
b)
Haldol
c)
Xanax
d)
Thorazine
87.
Antabuse is a drug that, when paired with alcohol in the bloodstream, brings about extreme nausea. For many motivated alcoholics, this has proven to be an effective treatment. Under which umbrella of psychotherapy would it most likely be used?
a)
insight therapy
b)
aversive conditioning
c)
Gestalt therapy
d)
self-help therapy
88.
Because it has all of the features commonly associated with the concept bird, a robin is considered
a)
a prototype
b)
a schematic
c)
an algorithm
d)
a phenotype
89.
Bertha is tall, thin, and frail. She enjoys studying and reading science fiction novels. She prefers to be alone rather than in a large group. According to Sheldon’s somatotype theory of personality, she is
a)
an endomorph
b)
an ectomorph
c)
a mesomorph
d)
an extrovert
90.
Collective-efficacy would probably be more beneficial than self-efficacy for achieving group goals in
a)
Canada
b)
England
c)
Puerto Rico
d)
South Korea
91.
Compared to convergent thinkers, to solve a problem divergent thinkers are more likely to:
a)
process information to arrive at the single best answer
b)
think creatively and generate multiple answers
c)
problem solve in a systematic step-by-step fashion
d)
frequently suffer from functional fixedness
92.
Dai was drunk, so his girlfriend convinced him to get out of his car, and she drove him home in her car. He could not remember where his car was parked when he got up the next morning, but after drinking some liquor, Dai remembered where he left his car. This phenomenon best illustrates
a)
the misinformation effect
b)
mood-congruent memory
c)
the framing effect
d)
state-dependent memory
93.
Donald believes himself to be a patriotic citizen, but he also does not believe in attacking countries that are technologically no match for the United States. If the United States was to go to war and Donald were to be drafted, dissonance theory predicts that
a)
he would have no conflict in going off to war
b)
he might have to change one of his attitudes to feel less tension
c)
justification of the military position would have to be internalized by him
d)
morally, he would have to become a conscientious objector
94.
Doug wrote a grocery list of 10 items, but leaves it at home. The list included in order: peas, corn, squash, onions, apples, pears, bananas, flour, milk, and eggs. If the law of primacy holds, which of the following is Doug most likely to remember when he gets to the store?
a)
peas, pears, eggs
b)
banana, flour, peas
c)
apples, pears, bananas
d)
peas, corn, onions
95.
Drew’s depression seems an outgrowth of his belief that everyone should like him. If his therapist were to utilize REBT, how might he proceed in treating Drew’s depression?
a)
He would suggest a mild antidepressant drug like Prozac to elevate his mood state.
b)
He would give him unconditional positive regard and encourage him to open up about his feelings.
c)
He would challenge Drew’s belief so that in defending it Drew will recognize just how absurd it sounds.
d)
Using the cognitive triad of Self, World, and Future, he would determine Drew’s assumptions in all three areas.
96.
DSM-IV is most helpful for
a)
DSM-IV is most helpful for disorders
b)
recommending treatment for psychological disorders
c)
classifying psychological disorders
d)
distinguishing between sanity and insanity
97.
During junior high, the typical student is preoccupied with making friends. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs is he/she satisfying?
a)
fundamental needs
b)
safety needs
c)
love and belonging needs
d)
esteem needs
98.
Estrella always goes shopping with Maria. Because she has no confidence in her own decisions, she lets Maria decide what she should buy, and pays for clothes for Maria with money she was saving for a haircut. Estrella shows signs of which of the following personality disorders?
a)
histrionic
b)
dependent
c)
antisocial
d)
obsessive-compulsive
99.
Ethnocentrism is the belief that
a)
ethnic foods are all good
b)
human diversity is a positive force
c)
one’s own culture is superior to others
d)
other people are all pretty much alike in their opinions
100.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH) are most closely associated with which of the following motivated behaviors?
a)
hunger
b)
thirst
c)
sex
d)
anxiety
101.
Hani was unable to tell the difference between right and wrong. Which of the following definitions of abnormal behavior is described in this example?
a)
maladaptive
b)
insanity
c)
commitment
d)
statistical
102.
Having been told that Syd is an engineer and Fran is an elementary school teacher, when Arnold meets the couple for the first time, he assumes that Syd is the husband and Fran is the wife, rather than the opposite, which is the case. This best illustrates:
a)
confirmation bias
b)
cognitive illusion
c)
the mere exposure effect
d)
the representativeness heuristic
103.
Homeostasis refers to
a)
arousal of the sympathetic nervous system
b)
a tendency for individuals to behave consistently when highly motivated
c)
a need state resulting from the physiological experience of hunger or thirst
d)
the body’s tendency to maintain a balanced internal state
104.
Imprinting is
a)
the adaptive response of an infant when its mother leaves a room
b)
a maladaptive response of anxiety by an infant when abandoned by its mother
c)
a period shortly after birth when a newborn reacts to salty, sweet, or bitter stimuli
d)
the tendency of some baby animals to form an attachment to the first moving object they see or hear during a critical period after birth
105.
In a jigsaw classroom
a)
students are dependent upon each other to learn all parts of a lesson
b)
learning is enhanced by simulations and lectures run by teachers
c)
competition encourages kids to achieve their full potential
d)
outcome research has shown limited success beyond the elementary school level
106.
In contrast to a clinical psychologist, a psychiatrist is more likely to
a)
engage in an eclectic approach
b)
use a biomedical treatment
c)
recognize the importance of group therapy
d)
treat clients in community mental health centers exclusively
107.
In contrast to the blank slate view of human nature held by the behaviorists, humanists believe humans are born
a)
evil and instinctively selfish
b)
good and with an inner drive to reach full potential
c)
neutral and that personality is based on perceptions of reality
d)
neither good nor evil, but personality is a product of their environment
108.
In order to determine a client’s personality, Carl Rogers used a Q-sort to measure the difference Between
a)
self-esteem and self-efficacy
b)
ideal self and real self
c)
locus of control and self-actualization
d)
conditions of worth and locus of control
109.
In the example above, which of the items would be recalled in Doug’s short-term memory immediately after writing the list?
a)
peas, corn, squash
b)
peas, corn, onions
c)
flour, milk, eggs
d)
flour, corn, bananas
110.
Jenna is telling her therapist about the dream she had last night and her therapist begins to interpret it for her. Which approach to psychotherapy does Jenna’s therapist probably represent?
a)
group
b)
behavioral
c)
Gestalt
d)
cognitive
111.
Mother Theresa’s altruism showed in everything she did. According to Allport’s trait theory, Mother Theresa’s altruism was
a)
a common trait she shared with most other religious people
b)
a cardinal trait
c)
one of several central traits that characterized her exceptional life
d)
basically inherited from her father
112.
Mr. Moffatt overheard another teacher describe one of his students as lazy and unmotivated. Though Mr. Moffatt had not previously noted this tendency, he began to see exactly what the other teacher had noted. What might account for this phenomenon?
a)
norms
b)
deindividuation
c)
social loafing
d)
self-fulfilling prophecy
113.
Nomothetic studies CANNOT provide information About
a)
unique personality characteristics of an individual
b)
common traits that characterize most people
c)
personality dimensions that differentiate normal people from people with psychological disorders
d)
traits more common in older people compared with children
114.
Of the following, which would be a good example of a self-serving bias?
a)
Carlos, who feels that everyone should strive to help themselves as well as others
b)
Antoine, who says that he has bombed a test even though he always gets an A
c)
Mai, who works harder for teachers who compliment her on her efforts
d)
Betty, who believes that she works harder than others and is underappreciated
115.
Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by
a)
unwarranted suspiciousness and mistrust of other people
b)
lack of interest in social relationships
c)
unusual preoccupation with rules and schedules
d)
instability revolving around problems of mood and thought processes
116.
Phonemes are:
a)
the rules of grammar that dictate letter combinations in a language
b)
the smallest unit of sound in a language
c)
the smallest unit of meaning in a language
d)
semantically the same as morphemes
117.
Proactive preventive services available from many community mental health centers include all of the following EXCEPT
a)
24-hour hotline services
b)
mental health screening for depression
c)
prenatal care for mothers in low-income families
d)
psychoanalytic therapy
118.
Roberto believes that he is the master of his ship and in charge of his destiny. According to Rotter’s theory of personality, Roberto has
a)
an external orientation to the world about him
b)
an internal locus of control
c)
an extraverted personality
d)
a low sense of self-efficacy
119.
Selection of moderately challenging tasks characterizes the behavior of people who have a
a)
fear of failing
b)
high need for achievement
c)
fear of success
d)
low need for achievement
120.
Self-efficacy, according to Bandura, is
a)
how you view your worth as a person
b)
how you think about your self-image
c)
all you know about your deficiencies and weaknesses as a person
d)
how competent you feel to accomplish tasks and goals
121.
Some difficult cuts needed to be made in the school board budget and everyone on the board knew that there had to be consensus and cooperation. Even though many members disagreed with certain proposals, each one met with unanimous support or defeat. To preserve cooperation, no one offered conflicting viewpoints. Which of the following concepts is best described by this example?
a)
group polarization
b)
fundamental attribution error
c)
groupthink
d)
role schema
122.
Terrence’s parents were excited by his recent interest in reading science fiction novels. They bought him toy science fiction characters and praised him for reading the books. When they stopped giving him praise and toys, they were dismayed that he quit reading. Terrence’s behavior best illustrates
a)
the overjustification effect
b)
overlearning
c)
internal locus of control
d)
the self-fulfilling prophecy
123.
The antidepressants Prozac, Paxel, and Zoloft work to
a)
block dopamine receptors
b)
decrease the level of acetylcholine in the bloodstream
c)
break down the MAO enzymes
d)
block the reuptake of serotonin
124.
The behavioral approach attributes the cause of abnormal behavior to
a)
internal conflict from early childhood trauma
b)
the result of neurochemical imbalances
c)
poor self-concept
d)
reinforcement of maladaptive behaviors learned through experience
125.
The belief of ancient Greeks such as Hippocrates and Galen about the cause of abnormal behavior was closest to which of the following modern approaches to psychology?
a)
psychoanalytic
b)
behavioral
c)
humanistic
d)
biomedical
126.
The effect of one confederate selecting a different line from the others in the Asch conformity test was
a)
continuing conformity by the participant to avoid looking bad to the others
b)
the participant asking to vote privately on a separate piece of paper
c)
a boost to the self-efficacy of the participant
d)
to release the participant from the conformity effect
127.
The goal of psychoanalytic therapy is
a)
to change maladaptive behavior to more socially acceptable behavior
b)
to change negative thinking into more positive attributions
c)
to attain self-actualization
d)
to bring unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness and gain insight
128.
The James-Lange theory of emotion states that
a)
emotional awareness precedes our physiological response to a stressful event
b)
emotional expression follows awareness of our physiological response to an arousing event
c)
an arousing event simultaneously triggers both a cognitive awareness and a physiological response
d)
the level of fear we first feel when we ride a roller coaster is reduced each time we experience the same event until thrill replaces it
129.
The most commonly used personality assessments Are
a)
projective tests
b)
naturalistic observations
c)
structured interviews
d)
self-report inventories
130.
The number one tennis player on last year’s squad does not find her name on the list of students who made this year’s team. Which stage of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome is she most likely experiencing?
a)
alarm
b)
resistance
c)
denial
d)
competence
131.
The three stages of the Atkinson–Shiffrin process of memory are
a)
iconic, echoic, encoding
b)
sensory, short term, long term
c)
shallow, medium, and deep processing
d)
semantic, episodic, procedural
132.
Tommy came to Dr. Chambers seeking help with his fear of heights. First, Dr. Chambers asked Tommy to list all of the situations concerning heights that led to his fear response. After they had ordered them from least fear-provoking to most fear-provoking, Dr. Chambers had Tommy listen to soothing music and slowly relaxed him as he imagined each step. Which of the following best describes Dr. Chambers’s treatment?
a)
the exposure technique of flooding
b)
systematic desensitization
c)
rational emotive therapy
d)
aversive conditioning
133.
Unlike B. F. Skinner, Noam Chomsky believes that children
a)
learn to speak by mimicking the sounds around them
b)
speak more quickly if their parents correct their mispronunciations early
c)
are hard-wired for language acquisition
d)
learn language more quickly if positive rewards are given to them
134.
Vic is encouraged to take charge of the therapy session and his therapist uses an active listening approach to mirror back the feelings he hears from him. Which therapy is most likely being described?
a)
client-centered therapy
b)
cognitive therapy
c)
psychodynamic therapy
d)
existential therapy
135.
When asked what they would do if they could be totally invisible and there would be no recrimination, most people answered that they would commit an antisocial act. Which of the following social phenomena might best be able to explain this response?
a)
reciprocity
b)
group polarization
c)
social loafing
d)
deindividuation
136.
When asked why he wants to become a doctor, Tom says, “Because I’ve always liked biology and being a doctor will allow me to make a good salary to take care of a family.” His answer is most consistent with which of the following theories of motivation?
a)
drive reduction
b)
incentive
c)
hierarchy of needs
d)
arousal
137.
When Herb physically abuses his dates, he considers himself good with the ladies, has little remorse for his actions, and has had repeated trouble with authority figures. His likely diagnosis is
a)
autism
b)
narcissistic personality disorder
c)
antisocial personality disorder
d)
borderline personality disorder
138.
Which Freudian personality system is guided by the reality principle?
a)
id
b)
libido
c)
ego
d)
unconscious
139.
Which is an example of a projective test, consisting of a set of ambiguous pictures about which people are asked to tell a story?
a)
TAT
b)
MMPI-2
c)
16 PF
d)
NEO-PI
140.
Which of the following best characterizes a person experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder?
a)
Anna, who hyperventilates whenever she is trapped in an elevator
b)
Ben, who returns home seven times to see if he has turned off the stove
c)
Katia, who complains constantly about feeling sick and goes to many different doctors
d)
Kabir, who keeps remembering the plane crash that killed the other members of his family
141.
Which of the following brain structures plays a key role in transferring information from shortterm memory to long-term memory?
a)
hypothalamus
b)
thalamus
c)
hippocampus
d)
frontal lobe
142.
Which of the following characteristics of the Type A personality is most positively correlated with having a heart attack?
a)
competitive
b)
eating quickly
c)
impatient
d)
hostile
143.
Which of the following disorders is most closely associated with excessive levels of dopamine?
a)
histrionic personality
b)
dependent personality
c)
paranoid schizophrenia
d)
bipolar disorder
144.
Which of the following disorders is most likely to be treated with electroconvulsive therapy as a last resort?
a)
schizophrenia
b)
obsessive-compulsive disorder
c)
dissociative identity disorder
d)
major depression
145.
Which of the following examples best illustrates episodic memory?
a)
telling someone how to tie a shoe
b)
answering correctly that the Battle of Hastings was in 1066
c)
knowing that the word for black in French is noir
d)
remembering that a clown was at your fifth birthday party
146.
Which of the following exemplifies retroactive interference?
a)
After suffering a blow to the head, Jean cannot form new memories.
b)
Elle failed a Spanish test because she studied for her Italian test after studying Spanish.
c)
Lee cannot remember an important date on the history exam.
d)
Gene cannot remember his new locker combination but remembers last year’s.
147.
Which of the following factors probably plays the least important role in explaining why children often share the same political and economic values as their parents?
a)
exposure to mass media
b)
operant conditioning
c)
they have never questioned these beliefs and do not really understand them
d)
modeling
148.
Which of the following factors stimulate us to eat?
a)
stomach contractions, high levels of glucagon, and stimulation of the VMH
b)
high levels of cholecystokinin, high levels of insulin, and stimulation of the VMH
c)
lack of cholecystokinin, high levels of glucagon, and stimulation of the LH
d)
lack of cholecystokinin, high levels of insulin, and stimulation of the LH
149.
Which of the following is a good example of a Jungian archetype?
a)
John, whose domineering mother’s voice is always in the back of his head
b)
Patty, who is haunted by her memories of child abuse
c)
Yan, who always roots for the underdog
d)
Tariq, who consciously strives to be the best tennis player he can be
150.
Which of the following is a good example of functional fixedness?
a)
failing to use a dime as a screwdriver when you have lost your screwdriver
b)
not being able to solve a physics problem because you apply the same rule you always do
c)
using a blanket as a pillow
d)
adding water to a cake mix when it calls for milk
151.
Which of the following is a holophrase one-yearold Amanda is likely to say?
a)
“Mmmmm”
b)
“Gaga”
c)
“Eat apple”
d)
“Bottle”
152.
Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
a)
delusional thinking
b)
incoherent speech
c)
hyperexcitability
d)
flat affect
153.
Which of the following is not a key determinant of whether or not two people will become friends?
a)
similarity of interests and social backgrounds
b)
proximity
c)
physical attractiveness
d)
opposing views on key social issues
154.
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the manic state of bipolar disorder?
a)
inflated ego
b)
excessive talking
c)
shopping sprees
d)
too much sleep
155.
Which of the following most accurately reflects our current understanding of basic facial expressions?
a)
Facial expressions are universally recognized and displayed by all cultures.
b)
Anger is easily interpreted as a facial expression by most cultures and displayed by all in similar situations.
c)
Facial expressions are universally recognized, but highly variable in how they are displayed.
d)
Cultures vary in their interpretation and display of the six most common facial expressions.
156.
Which of the following social psychological experiments has been considered the most unethical and led to sweeping reforms in the APA ethical guidelines?
a)
Bandura’s Bobo study of TV aggression
b)
Asch’s line test for conformity
c)
Milgram’s obedience to authority study
d)
Sherif ’s boys’ camp study
157.
Which of the following topics would a sociobiologist be most interested in studying?
a)
whether or not ape communication can be defined as language
b)
whether pigeons are capable of cognitive learning
c)
altruistic acts that ensure the survival of the next generation
d)
aggressive behavior in stickleback fish related to sign stimuli
158.
You read in the newspaper that survivors in a plane accident in the Andes were discovered to have eaten other survivors during their 32-day ordeal. You will have committed the fundamental attribution error if you
a)
attribute the behavior to dispositional (personal) factors
b)
attribute the behavior to situational factors
c)
think you would have done the same thing if you had been there
d)
consider the behavior as a signal for the moral degradation of our society
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