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WorksheetsEngineering Physics Semester 2 Final Review
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 1hrs 17mins
A _____ is a push or a pull.
vector
magnitude
net force
Forces are considered vectors because they have both magnitude and _____.
inertia
angle
motion
Most objects have more than one force acting on them. The vector sum of all the individual forces acting on an object is called _____.
inertia
maximum force
Newton's 3rd Law
The tendency of an object to resist any change in motion.
force
motion
acceleration
Force is measured in units called _____.
vectors
kilograms
pascals
What is required to make a resting object move or a moving object change its speed or direction?
a force
a zero net force
a non-zero net force
balanced forces
What happens to the acceleration of an object if the net force acting on it triples in magnitude?
it triples
it doubles
it is 1/3 as much
it is 1/2 as much
How much force (in Newtons) is required to give a 3.2-kg bowling ball an acceleration of 7.5 m/s2?
<NUMBER ONLY>
(a)
Connor's car weighs 1200-kg. His braking force when coming to a stop sign is 6600-N. What is the acceleration of Connor's car when braking?
<NUMBER ONLY>
(a)
Your car pulls a trailer away from a stoplight with a force of 1406-N and an acceleration of 1.85 m/s2.
What is the mass of the trailer in kg?
<NUMBER ONLY>
(a)
A sketch that shows all the forces acting on a object is referred to as a
free body diagram
motion diagram
acceleration diagram
mass-force diagram
The force exerted perpendicular to the surface of contact between any two objects.
normal force
apparent weight
force of gravity
applied force
The sensation of having a different weight due to force exerted on you by the floor, like in an elevator, is called
apparent weight
force of gravity
gravitational field strength
tension
Hooke's law states that the force exerted by an ideal spring is proportional do the (a) of its stretch or compression.
The constant k is called the (a) .
The force exerted by a string, rope, or wire that is pulled tight.
(a)
Objects with zero acceleration are said to be in (a) .
An object subject to zero net force has _____ acceleration.
constant
zero
positive
negative
A spring with a spring constant of 62 n/m is stretched 23 cm by an applied force. What is the magnitude of the force (in Newtons)?
(a)
A spring with a spring constant of 25 n/m is stretched with a force of 8 newtons. What is stretch distance of the spring in centimeters?
(a)
T or F: The greater the mass of a brick placed on a countertop, the greater the normal force exerted on the brick.
true
false
The force that opposes the motion of one surface over another.
(a)
T or F: The force that accelerates you forward when you start walking is friction.
True
False
Match the following descriptions to the type of friction
Opposes motion in a liquid or gas
Fluid friction
Opposes motion on objects that are on wheels
Rolling friction
Opposes motion on objects that are sliding over a surface
Kinetic friction
Opposes motion on objects that aren't moving
Static friction
Which of the following are true of kinetic friction?
it opposes the motion of the surfaces
it is proportional to the normal force between the surfaces
it is the same regardless of the speed of the surfaces
it is the same regardless of the area of contact between the surfaces
The equation used to calculate the force of kinetic friction is
(a) = (b) x (c)
The equation used to calculate the maximum force of static friction is
(a) = (b) x (c)
When you push a 1.50-kg book that is resting on a tabletop, a force of 1.5 N is required to start the book sliding. What is the coefficient of static friction between the book and the tabletop?
(round to three decimal places)
(a)
You push a 1.40-kg book that is resting on a tabletop, and find that a force of only 2.1 N keeps the book moving with constant speed. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the book and the tabletop?
(round to three decimal places)
(a)
How much force (in Newtons) is required to overcome static friction when pushing a 10-kg box if the coefficient of static friction between the box and the floor is 0.31?
<NUMBER ONLY>
(a)
In which case is the most work done by a force F that pushes a box a distance d across a level surface at constant speed?
F is horizontal
F is at an angle of 30 degrees above the floor
F is at an angle of 60 degrees above the floor
F is at an angle of 90 degrees to the floor
(a) energy is the energy due to motion, and (b) energy is stored energy due to position or condition.
The sum of kinetic and potential energy is called
mechanical energy
thermal energy
gravitational energy
chemical energy
The faster work is done, the greater the
power
energy
work
distance
Which of the following situations involved work being done?
holding a heavy backpack without moving
walking while holding a book at a constant height
pushing a box across the floor
standing still while holding a child
What happens to the kinetic energy of an object if its speed is doubled?
it remains the same
it doubles
it becomes four times greater
it is cut in half
Which of the following is a correct definition of power in physics?
the total force applied to an object
the energy required to start motion
the rate at which work is done
the potential energy stored in an object
A roller coaster reaches the top of a hill and begins to descend. Which energy transformation primarily occurs as it descends?
kinetic energy to thermal energy
kinetic energy to potential energy
potential energy to kinetic energy
thermal energy to potential energy
According to the law of conservation of energy, which of the following statements is TRUE?
energy can be created as long as it is also destroyed
energy can disappear if not used
energy can be converted from one form to another
energy is always destroyed in mechanical systems
A student lifts a book from the floor and places it on a shelf. Which of the following best describes the energy change involved?
Kinetic energy is transformed into thermal energy
Potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy
Chemical energy from the student is transformed into potential energy of the book
The book gains energy from the shelf
Problem: A student pushes a desk with a force of 50 N over a distance of 3 meters. How much work does the student do on the desk?
150 Joules
50 Joules
100 Joules
200 Joules
Problem: How much work is done in lifting a 10 kg backpack to a shelf 2 meters high? (Assume g = 9.8 m/s²)
19.6 J
98 J
196 J
20 J
Problem: A motor does 6000 J of work in 10 seconds. What is its power output?
600 W
6000 W
60 W
60000 W
Problem: What is the kinetic energy of a 4 kg ball moving at 5 m/s?
50 J
40 J
25 J
100 J
Problem: A 2 kg object is placed on a shelf 1.5 meters high. If g=9.8 m/s2, what is its gravitational potential energy?
29.4 J
15 J
19.6 J
9.8 J
Problem: A person pulls a suitcase with a force of 100 N at an angle of 30° to the ground over 5 meters. How much work is done?
250 J
433 J
500 J
866 J
Problem: A 1 kg object has 18 J of kinetic energy. What is its speed?
3 m/s
6 m/s
9 m/s
12 m/s
Problem: A crane lifts a 500 kg object 20 meters high in 25 seconds. How much power does it use?
400 W
500 W
600 W
700 W
Problem: A roller coaster car has 10,000 J of potential energy at the top of a hill. Assuming no energy is lost to friction, how much kinetic energy will it have at the bottom?
10,000 J
5,000 J
0 J
20,000 J
A player hits a 0.15-kg baseball over the outfield fence. The ball leaves the bat with a speed of 36 m/s, and a fan in the bleachers catches it 7.2 m above the point where it was hit. Ignoring friction, find the speed of the ball just before it is caught.
34 m/s
32 m/s
36 m/s
73 m/s
Momentum is the product of
mass and velocity
mass and acceleration
speed and weight
acceleration and volume
Ball A has velocity v and mass 2m. Ball B has velocity 2v and mass m. Describe the momentum of Ball A and B.
Ball A has a greater momentum
Ball B has a greater momentum
The momentum of Ball A and Ball B is the same
you don't have enough information to tell
A 1200-kg car is driven through town at a speed of 12 m/s. What is the magnitude of the car's momentum?
14400 kg ⋅ m/s
100 kg ⋅ m/s
1200 kg ⋅ m/s
14400 N
Momentum is a vector and the momentum vector points in the same direction as the velocity vector.
true
false
The total momentum of a system is the vector sum of the momentums of all the individual objects.
true
false
The product of a force and the time over which it acts.
impulse
momentum
velocity
acceleration
Impulse is a vector that points in the same direction as the _____
force
velocity
time
mass
You push on a 20-kg shopping cart with a force of 5.0 N. The cart moves at 2.0 m/s over a time of 2.0 s. What is the magnitude of the impulse you deliver to the cart?
100 kg ⋅ m/s
10 kg ⋅ m/s
40 kg ⋅ m/s
4.0 kg ⋅ m/s
The impulse that acts on an object is always greater than the object's change in momentum.
true
false
Objects like bicycle helmets and airbags (a) the time of impact, and thereby (b) the force acting on you.
T or F: The momentum of a system can't change unless an external force acts on the system.
true
false
Internal forces act between objects (a) a system. External forces are exerted on a system by something (b) the system.
Only (a) forces can change a system's momentum. (b) forces have no effect on a system's momentum.
T or F: Within a system, the momentum of each individual object doesn't change. This is conservation of momentum.
true
false
If the total external force acting on a system is zero, what can you say about its total momentum?
the total momentum doesn't change
the total momentum is zero
the total momentum can increase
the total momentum can decrease
A collision in which the kinetic energy is conserved is referred to as an
elastic collision
inelastic collision
complex collision
kinetic collision
A collision in which the kinetic energy is changed is referred to as an
elastic collision
inelastic collision
complex collision
kinetic collision
How is the initial kinetic energy related to the final kinetic energy in an elastic collision?
the initial KE is greater
the final KE is greater
they are the same
What do we call a collision in which the colliding objects stick together?
inelastic collision
kinetic collision
completely inelastic collision
elastic collision
What condition is required for momentum to be conserved in a collision?
the total external force must be zero
the total external force is greater than zero
one object has to be at rest
both objects must be at rest
A (a) is a push or a pull.
Forces are considered vectors because they have both magnitude and (a) .
Most objects have more than one force acting on them. The vector sum of all the individual forces acting on an object is called (a) .
The tendency of an object to resist any change in motion.
(a)
Force is measured in units called (a) .
What is required to make a resting object move or a moving object change its speed or direction?
a force
a zero net force
a non-zero net force
What happens to the acceleration of an object if the net force acting on it triples in magnitude?
it triples
it doubles
it is 1/3 as much
it is 1/2 as much
How much force (in Newtons) is required to give a 0.15-kg baseball an acceleration of 12 m/s2?
(a)
An airplane lands and begins to slow down as it moves along the runway. If its mass is 3.5 x 105 kg and the net braking force is 4.3 x 105 N, what is the airplane's acceleration (in m/s2)?
(a)
Your 1400-kg car pulls a 560-kg trailer away from a stoplight with an acceleration of 1.85 m/s2. What is the net force acting on the car (in Newtons)?
(a)
A sketch that shows all the forces acting on a object is referred to as a
free body diagram
motion diagram
acceleration diagram
mass-force diagram
The force exerted perpendicular to the surface of contact between any two objects.
normal force
apparent weight
force of gravity
applied force
The sensation of having a different weight due to force exerted on you by the floor, like in an elevator, is called
apparent weight
force of gravity
gravitational field strength
tension
Hooke's law states that the force exerted by an ideal spring is proportional do the (a) of its stretch or compression.
The constant k is called the (a) .
The force exerted by a string, rope, or wire that is pulled tight.
(a)
Objects with zero acceleration are said to be in (a) .
An object subject to zero net force has _____ acceleration.
constant
zero
positive
negative
A spring with a spring constant of 62 n/m is stretched 19 cm by an applied force. What is the magnitude of the force (in Newtons)?
(a)
T or F: The greater the mass of a brick placed on a countertop, the greater the normal force exerted on the brick.
true
false
The force that opposes the motion of one surface over another.
(a)
T or F: The force that accelerates you forward when you start walking is friction.
True
False
Match the following descriptions to the type of friction
Opposes motion in a liquid or gas
Fluid friction
Opposes motion on objects that are on wheels
Rolling friction
Opposes motion on objects that are sliding over a surface
Kinetic friction
Opposes motion on objects that aren't moving
Static friction
Which of the following are true of kinetic friction?
it opposes the motion of the surfaces
it is proportional to the normal force between the surfaces
it is the same regardless of the speed of the surfaces
it is the same regardless of the area of contact between the surfaces
Match the coefficients of kinetic friction with the materials.
steel on glass
0.57
wood on leather
0.40
steel on ice
0.06
waxed ski on snow
0.05
human joints
0.003
The equation used to calculate the force of kinetic friction is
(a) = (b) x (c)
The equation used to calculate the maximum force of static friction is
(a) = (b) x (c)
Practice Problem 32: A baseball player slides into third base with an initial speed of 4.0 m/s. If the coefficient of friction between the player and the ground is 0.46, how far does he slide before coming to a rest (round to one decimal place)?
(a)
Practice Problem 34: Part A-When you push a 1.80-kg book that is resting on a tabletop, a force of 2.25 N is required to start the book sliding. Once it is sliding, however, a force of only 1.50 N keeps the book moving with constant speed. What is the coefficient of static friction between the book and the tabletop?
(round to three decimal places)
(a)
Practice Problem 34: Part B-When you push a 1.80-kg book that is resting on a tabletop, a force of 2.25 N is required to start the book sliding. Once it is sliding, however, a force of only 1.50 N keeps the book moving with constant speed. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the book and the tabletop?
(round to three decimal places)
(a)
